andrea bolger - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by andrea bolger

Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education, 2019

This book showcases and celebrates the work of Gender and Sexuality Education scholars in order t... more This book showcases and celebrates the work of Gender and Sexuality Education scholars in order to challenge current negative interpretations of the field, and work towards new shared visions. The editors and contributors call for, affirm and offer examples of pathways towards exciting and dynamic collaborative work in Gender and Sexuality in Education. In doing so, they also acknowledge the various complexities of this field, and detail the context-specific barriers faced by academics and activists. Drawing upon a range of global case studies, this book sets out information and advice from cross-sector experts to set an agenda of mutual supportiveness, and to smooth pathways for future collaboration. Above all, this book is a call to action to uplift the field – and each other – in challenging environments. This ground-breaking book will be of interest and value to scholars of Gender and Sexuality Education research.

International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 2020

This study examined the relationships between trait mindfulness, a positive psychological charact... more This study examined the relationships between trait mindfulness, a positive psychological characteristic, attention and procrastination. One hundred and seventy-four Australian participants, 133 women and 41 men, with a mean age of 35.44, completed measures of trait mindfulness, ability for sustained attention and procrastination. Participants recorded a task they thought they might delay completing and were randomly assigned to a brief mindfulness exercise or a control exercise. Participants afterwards rated their intention to work on the task. Greater trait mindfulness was associated with better ability to sustain attention and with less procrastination. Attention mediated the relationship between mindfulness and procrastination. With engagement held constant, participants in the mindfulness exercise condition expressed more intention to work towards completing a task on which they tend to procrastinate than participants in the control condition. These findings have implications for better understanding procrastination and for the use of mindfulness to assist those who procrastinate.

The file contains raw de-identified data from administrative records from FACS in relation to chi... more The file contains raw de-identified data from administrative records from FACS in relation to children adopted from care in NSW from 2003 to 2014. The file contains demographic data in relation to the adopted child, the adoptive family and aspects of the child protection and adoption circumstances.

Clinical Psychologist, 2020

Objective: The Excoriation (skin-picking disorder) dimensional scale (SPD-D) is a new measure of ... more Objective: The Excoriation (skin-picking disorder) dimensional scale (SPD-D) is a new measure of excoriation skin picking disorder (SPD). The 5-item scale was developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (Fifth Edition) obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders sub-workgroup to assist in the dimensional assessment of SPD. Method: The aim of the present study was to provide a psychometric evaluation of this new scale in a large community sample. 803 participants were recruited from online community noticeboards around Australia. Results: The results indicated that the SPD-D demonstrated a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency (r =.87,.86, and.92 across three samples), and good test–retest reliability (r =.86). The SPD-D also demonstrated good convergent validity with the Skin-Picking Scale Revised (r =.90) as well as divergent validity with the generalised anxiety disorder scale (r =.40). Conclusions: Overall, the SPD-D appears to be a brief and reliable measure of SPD symptomatology. s s s

Clinical Psychologist, 2019

Background: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional scale (BDD-D) is a new measure of body dysmo... more Background: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional scale (BDD-D) is a new measure of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms. Developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (fifth Edition) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders subworkgroup, the five-item scale aids in the dimensional assessment of BDD. Methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BDD-D in a community sample. A total of 266 participants completed the study. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the BDD-D demonstrates a unidimensional structure (Standardised Root Mean Square Residual = .03 and Comparative Fit Index = .99). The measure also showed strong internal consistency (α = .92) and good convergent validity with the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. The BDD-D demonstrated good test-retest reliability (r s = .86) in a subset of the original sample who completed the measure at two time-points (n = 46). Similarly, fair equivalence between online administration and pen-and-paper administration formats were also noted (r s = .78) for a sample who completed the measure using two different administration formats (n = 29). Conclusions: Overall, the BDD-D appears to be a brief, reliable measure of BDD symptomology.

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2019

The Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale (HD-D) is a new measure of hoarding symptom severity deve... more The Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale (HD-D) is a new measure of hoarding symptom severity developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition) Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Sub-workgroup. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of this measure in a large, community sample. Five hundred and seventeen participants completed the study. The results indicated that the HD-D consists of a single factor accounting for 66% of the variance. The measure demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.87-0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.84). The HD-D also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity in this sample. There appeared to be good convergence between internet and paper and pencil formats of the HD-D (r = 0.88). Overall, the results indicate that the HD-D demonstrates sound psychometric properties in a community sample.

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2018

Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss. The Tr... more Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss. The Trichotillomania Dimensional Scale (TTM-D) is a newly developed DSM-5 scale that aims to assess the symptoms of TTM dimensionally. The aim of this current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the TTM-D in a sample of 483 participants. Principal Component Analysis indicated a single factor structure of the TTM-D. Internal consistency and test retest reliability was high (α = 0.89 and r = 0.91 respectively). The TTM-D demonstrated excellent convergent validity with the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS; r s = 0.90) and divergent validity with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; r s = 0.45). Further, the TTM-D demonstrated equivalence between online and pen-and-paper administrations (r s = 0.93). The findings suggest that the psychometric properties of TTM-D are sound and well supported within a community sample.

International Social Work, 2018

This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the pub... more This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the public child protection agency in New South Wales, Australia. The results from an online survey completed by 23 respondents indicated that most of the adoptees were reportedly in the normative range of adjustment, had positive relationships with their adoptive parents and had ongoing contact with their birth families. Most of the adoptive parents had received pre-adoption supports to encourage post-adoption contact. These preliminary results are encouraging, but larger and preferably longitudinal studies are needed to guide decision-making regarding adoptions from foster care. The new challenge for the child welfare system is how to collect reliable data about the well-being of children already living in this permanent type of care and how best to support them.

Australian Social Work, 2017

Clinical Psychologist, 2016

Amendments to the child protection legislation in New South Wales (NSW), enacted in October 2014,... more Amendments to the child protection legislation in New South Wales (NSW), enacted in October 2014, prioritise adoption over foster care for children who cannot live safely with their families. Therefore, psychologists could have an increasing role in conducting assessments and interventions in this field. The purpose of this article is to provide psychologists and adoption researchers with a conceptual model for the psychosocial adjustment of foster care adoptees with a background of maltreatment. A scoping review of the literature on contributors to outcomes for children adopted from care was conducted. A model of adjustment was proposed in which the relationship between risk factors and adjustment is moderated by both adoptive family factors and relationship factors, and indirectly impacted by system supports. Finally, we name some of the psychological assessments and interventions that may have a key role in enhancing the adoptive family resources and parent-child relationships as moderators of outcomes.

Australian Psychologist, 2014

The aim of the study reported in this article was to gain an understanding of the experiences, de... more The aim of the study reported in this article was to gain an understanding of the experiences, developmental trajectories, and mental health status of Australian trans men. Participants were 279 trans men. The majority preferred to identify as "male"; from an early age, they had experienced their gender identity as different from that normatively expected of their natally assigned sex and had undertaken practices so as to facilitate their presentation as male in accordance with their gender identity. A majority reported a diagnosis of depression or anxiety within the last 12 months and attributed suicidal ideation and self-harm and attempted suicide to personal issues with gender identity. Going through a masculinisation process and coming out reportedly led to improved mental health. The findings highlight the need to educate mental health and health care professionals on trans issues.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Transgender people enliven sexualities research and can challenge traditional ideas about gender-... more Transgender people enliven sexualities research and can challenge traditional ideas about gender-based orientations or the mechanics of pleasure. This chapter examines data on sexuality, romance and relationships generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. Over half of the participants were in a romantic/sexual relationship. Most had never married. Over one third of the E-males participants were attracted to both sexes and a quarter were attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many were attracted to all gender expressions, or challenged traditional “orientations”. The commencement of medical transition sometimes enabled greater sexual engagement due to increased libido and bodily comfort. FtM transgender people engaged in unpredictable variations on a broad range of sexual behaviours with varying risk levels, from kissing and giving oral sex using latex protections, through to receiving various types of penetrative sex without protection; revealing a need for tailored sexual health information.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Discrimination against transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression is ... more Discrimination against transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression is illegal in Australia, however it is not always easy for Australian transgender people to find adequate social support. This chapter examines data on discrimination and social support generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. Some participants had no experiences of discrimination on the basis of transphobia, others had experienced public humiliation and verbal and/or physical abuse. Coming out was fraught with difficulties including the potential end of key relationships. Mostly, it was a positive experience in that it relieved self-doubt, generated understanding and supported transitions. Sometimes participants felt they had to be advocates for FtM transgender communities, other times they reported “going stealth” for safety reasons or to more fully embody their gender identity. Respondents’ general wellbeing and quality of life was significantly influenced by relationships with family, friends and intimate partners.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

In 2013, the E-males study was launched to increase the visibility of (and meet the research gaps... more In 2013, the E-males study was launched to increase the visibility of (and meet the research gaps on) FtM transgender Australians and their needs, with a view to informing policy. This chapter describes the study’s two design components: an anonymous online survey which gathered basic data through quantitative and qualitative questions, and an anonymous online discussion-board forum which facilitated deeper discussions of the key themes with the research team and other respondents. This design allowed participants to give feedback on, and co-create, the topics and questions—to increase their ownership of the project and how they were to be presented. Participants were recruited through a range of recruitment techniques, including paid advertising, support groups and services, Facebook posts, e-lists, media interviews and so on. The study’s design and recruitment processes were informed by a reference group including a diverse range of FtM transgender Australian individuals, and feedback from key organisations.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Transgender people may engage in transition (or self-affirmation) processes with any or all of pe... more Transgender people may engage in transition (or self-affirmation) processes with any or all of personal, internal, social, legal and physical elements. This chapter discusses data on transitioning generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. In terms of physical transitions, non-surgical measures were the most common, and a strong majority of participants had used binding and hormones (87 %). Most (73 %) have had physical interventions to make their body look more masculine and 70 % intend to have additional modifications—chest surgeries were the most popular type. Almost half of the participants spent between 1,000and1,000 and 1,000and10,000 in this process. The great majority (97 %) expressed that these interventions have made a difference to their life and wellbeing, even when results were not optimal. Most participants were satisfied or very satisfied with their interventions. Some participants reported difficulties in their efforts to change their names and sex on documentation.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

In concluding our discussion of the 2013 E-Males study of 273 FtM transgender Australians, this c... more In concluding our discussion of the 2013 E-Males study of 273 FtM transgender Australians, this chapter outlines the key findings of the data. We urge all Australian government offices and other places where documentation (featuring name and sex) is required to familiarise staff with new national guidelines on the recognition of gender. We call for national education policy that includes guidelines around combatting transphobia and specific guidelines around issues like information provision, uniforms and bathrooms, and management plans. We recommend workplace equity training measures broadly, and training in gender identity issues for a range of other medical and health practitioners who may engage with FtM transgender Australians on various gender affirmation journeys. We highlight the need for consistency in provisions regardless of state, and the need for clearer standards based on research. Particular provisions for youth, genderqueer people and rural people are called for. Areas for further research are detailed.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education, 2019

This book showcases and celebrates the work of Gender and Sexuality Education scholars in order t... more This book showcases and celebrates the work of Gender and Sexuality Education scholars in order to challenge current negative interpretations of the field, and work towards new shared visions. The editors and contributors call for, affirm and offer examples of pathways towards exciting and dynamic collaborative work in Gender and Sexuality in Education. In doing so, they also acknowledge the various complexities of this field, and detail the context-specific barriers faced by academics and activists. Drawing upon a range of global case studies, this book sets out information and advice from cross-sector experts to set an agenda of mutual supportiveness, and to smooth pathways for future collaboration. Above all, this book is a call to action to uplift the field – and each other – in challenging environments. This ground-breaking book will be of interest and value to scholars of Gender and Sexuality Education research.

International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 2020

This study examined the relationships between trait mindfulness, a positive psychological charact... more This study examined the relationships between trait mindfulness, a positive psychological characteristic, attention and procrastination. One hundred and seventy-four Australian participants, 133 women and 41 men, with a mean age of 35.44, completed measures of trait mindfulness, ability for sustained attention and procrastination. Participants recorded a task they thought they might delay completing and were randomly assigned to a brief mindfulness exercise or a control exercise. Participants afterwards rated their intention to work on the task. Greater trait mindfulness was associated with better ability to sustain attention and with less procrastination. Attention mediated the relationship between mindfulness and procrastination. With engagement held constant, participants in the mindfulness exercise condition expressed more intention to work towards completing a task on which they tend to procrastinate than participants in the control condition. These findings have implications for better understanding procrastination and for the use of mindfulness to assist those who procrastinate.

The file contains raw de-identified data from administrative records from FACS in relation to chi... more The file contains raw de-identified data from administrative records from FACS in relation to children adopted from care in NSW from 2003 to 2014. The file contains demographic data in relation to the adopted child, the adoptive family and aspects of the child protection and adoption circumstances.

Clinical Psychologist, 2020

Objective: The Excoriation (skin-picking disorder) dimensional scale (SPD-D) is a new measure of ... more Objective: The Excoriation (skin-picking disorder) dimensional scale (SPD-D) is a new measure of excoriation skin picking disorder (SPD). The 5-item scale was developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (Fifth Edition) obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders sub-workgroup to assist in the dimensional assessment of SPD. Method: The aim of the present study was to provide a psychometric evaluation of this new scale in a large community sample. 803 participants were recruited from online community noticeboards around Australia. Results: The results indicated that the SPD-D demonstrated a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency (r =.87,.86, and.92 across three samples), and good test–retest reliability (r =.86). The SPD-D also demonstrated good convergent validity with the Skin-Picking Scale Revised (r =.90) as well as divergent validity with the generalised anxiety disorder scale (r =.40). Conclusions: Overall, the SPD-D appears to be a brief and reliable measure of SPD symptomatology. s s s

Clinical Psychologist, 2019

Background: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional scale (BDD-D) is a new measure of body dysmo... more Background: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional scale (BDD-D) is a new measure of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms. Developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (fifth Edition) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders subworkgroup, the five-item scale aids in the dimensional assessment of BDD. Methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BDD-D in a community sample. A total of 266 participants completed the study. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the BDD-D demonstrates a unidimensional structure (Standardised Root Mean Square Residual = .03 and Comparative Fit Index = .99). The measure also showed strong internal consistency (α = .92) and good convergent validity with the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. The BDD-D demonstrated good test-retest reliability (r s = .86) in a subset of the original sample who completed the measure at two time-points (n = 46). Similarly, fair equivalence between online administration and pen-and-paper administration formats were also noted (r s = .78) for a sample who completed the measure using two different administration formats (n = 29). Conclusions: Overall, the BDD-D appears to be a brief, reliable measure of BDD symptomology.

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2019

The Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale (HD-D) is a new measure of hoarding symptom severity deve... more The Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale (HD-D) is a new measure of hoarding symptom severity developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition) Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Sub-workgroup. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of this measure in a large, community sample. Five hundred and seventeen participants completed the study. The results indicated that the HD-D consists of a single factor accounting for 66% of the variance. The measure demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.87-0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.84). The HD-D also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity in this sample. There appeared to be good convergence between internet and paper and pencil formats of the HD-D (r = 0.88). Overall, the results indicate that the HD-D demonstrates sound psychometric properties in a community sample.

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2018

Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss. The Tr... more Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss. The Trichotillomania Dimensional Scale (TTM-D) is a newly developed DSM-5 scale that aims to assess the symptoms of TTM dimensionally. The aim of this current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the TTM-D in a sample of 483 participants. Principal Component Analysis indicated a single factor structure of the TTM-D. Internal consistency and test retest reliability was high (α = 0.89 and r = 0.91 respectively). The TTM-D demonstrated excellent convergent validity with the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS; r s = 0.90) and divergent validity with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; r s = 0.45). Further, the TTM-D demonstrated equivalence between online and pen-and-paper administrations (r s = 0.93). The findings suggest that the psychometric properties of TTM-D are sound and well supported within a community sample.

International Social Work, 2018

This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the pub... more This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the public child protection agency in New South Wales, Australia. The results from an online survey completed by 23 respondents indicated that most of the adoptees were reportedly in the normative range of adjustment, had positive relationships with their adoptive parents and had ongoing contact with their birth families. Most of the adoptive parents had received pre-adoption supports to encourage post-adoption contact. These preliminary results are encouraging, but larger and preferably longitudinal studies are needed to guide decision-making regarding adoptions from foster care. The new challenge for the child welfare system is how to collect reliable data about the well-being of children already living in this permanent type of care and how best to support them.

Australian Social Work, 2017

Clinical Psychologist, 2016

Amendments to the child protection legislation in New South Wales (NSW), enacted in October 2014,... more Amendments to the child protection legislation in New South Wales (NSW), enacted in October 2014, prioritise adoption over foster care for children who cannot live safely with their families. Therefore, psychologists could have an increasing role in conducting assessments and interventions in this field. The purpose of this article is to provide psychologists and adoption researchers with a conceptual model for the psychosocial adjustment of foster care adoptees with a background of maltreatment. A scoping review of the literature on contributors to outcomes for children adopted from care was conducted. A model of adjustment was proposed in which the relationship between risk factors and adjustment is moderated by both adoptive family factors and relationship factors, and indirectly impacted by system supports. Finally, we name some of the psychological assessments and interventions that may have a key role in enhancing the adoptive family resources and parent-child relationships as moderators of outcomes.

Australian Psychologist, 2014

The aim of the study reported in this article was to gain an understanding of the experiences, de... more The aim of the study reported in this article was to gain an understanding of the experiences, developmental trajectories, and mental health status of Australian trans men. Participants were 279 trans men. The majority preferred to identify as "male"; from an early age, they had experienced their gender identity as different from that normatively expected of their natally assigned sex and had undertaken practices so as to facilitate their presentation as male in accordance with their gender identity. A majority reported a diagnosis of depression or anxiety within the last 12 months and attributed suicidal ideation and self-harm and attempted suicide to personal issues with gender identity. Going through a masculinisation process and coming out reportedly led to improved mental health. The findings highlight the need to educate mental health and health care professionals on trans issues.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Transgender people enliven sexualities research and can challenge traditional ideas about gender-... more Transgender people enliven sexualities research and can challenge traditional ideas about gender-based orientations or the mechanics of pleasure. This chapter examines data on sexuality, romance and relationships generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. Over half of the participants were in a romantic/sexual relationship. Most had never married. Over one third of the E-males participants were attracted to both sexes and a quarter were attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many were attracted to all gender expressions, or challenged traditional “orientations”. The commencement of medical transition sometimes enabled greater sexual engagement due to increased libido and bodily comfort. FtM transgender people engaged in unpredictable variations on a broad range of sexual behaviours with varying risk levels, from kissing and giving oral sex using latex protections, through to receiving various types of penetrative sex without protection; revealing a need for tailored sexual health information.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Discrimination against transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression is ... more Discrimination against transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression is illegal in Australia, however it is not always easy for Australian transgender people to find adequate social support. This chapter examines data on discrimination and social support generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. Some participants had no experiences of discrimination on the basis of transphobia, others had experienced public humiliation and verbal and/or physical abuse. Coming out was fraught with difficulties including the potential end of key relationships. Mostly, it was a positive experience in that it relieved self-doubt, generated understanding and supported transitions. Sometimes participants felt they had to be advocates for FtM transgender communities, other times they reported “going stealth” for safety reasons or to more fully embody their gender identity. Respondents’ general wellbeing and quality of life was significantly influenced by relationships with family, friends and intimate partners.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

In 2013, the E-males study was launched to increase the visibility of (and meet the research gaps... more In 2013, the E-males study was launched to increase the visibility of (and meet the research gaps on) FtM transgender Australians and their needs, with a view to informing policy. This chapter describes the study’s two design components: an anonymous online survey which gathered basic data through quantitative and qualitative questions, and an anonymous online discussion-board forum which facilitated deeper discussions of the key themes with the research team and other respondents. This design allowed participants to give feedback on, and co-create, the topics and questions—to increase their ownership of the project and how they were to be presented. Participants were recruited through a range of recruitment techniques, including paid advertising, support groups and services, Facebook posts, e-lists, media interviews and so on. The study’s design and recruitment processes were informed by a reference group including a diverse range of FtM transgender Australian individuals, and feedback from key organisations.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

Transgender people may engage in transition (or self-affirmation) processes with any or all of pe... more Transgender people may engage in transition (or self-affirmation) processes with any or all of personal, internal, social, legal and physical elements. This chapter discusses data on transitioning generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. In terms of physical transitions, non-surgical measures were the most common, and a strong majority of participants had used binding and hormones (87 %). Most (73 %) have had physical interventions to make their body look more masculine and 70 % intend to have additional modifications—chest surgeries were the most popular type. Almost half of the participants spent between 1,000and1,000 and 1,000and10,000 in this process. The great majority (97 %) expressed that these interventions have made a difference to their life and wellbeing, even when results were not optimal. Most participants were satisfied or very satisfied with their interventions. Some participants reported difficulties in their efforts to change their names and sex on documentation.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015

In concluding our discussion of the 2013 E-Males study of 273 FtM transgender Australians, this c... more In concluding our discussion of the 2013 E-Males study of 273 FtM transgender Australians, this chapter outlines the key findings of the data. We urge all Australian government offices and other places where documentation (featuring name and sex) is required to familiarise staff with new national guidelines on the recognition of gender. We call for national education policy that includes guidelines around combatting transphobia and specific guidelines around issues like information provision, uniforms and bathrooms, and management plans. We recommend workplace equity training measures broadly, and training in gender identity issues for a range of other medical and health practitioners who may engage with FtM transgender Australians on various gender affirmation journeys. We highlight the need for consistency in provisions regardless of state, and the need for clearer standards based on research. Particular provisions for youth, genderqueer people and rural people are called for. Areas for further research are detailed.

SpringerBriefs in Sociology, 2015