chris agboghoroma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by chris agboghoroma

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 1996

ABSTRACT Over 55,000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infections had been reported to the Germa... more ABSTRACT Over 55,000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infections had been reported to the German Federal Health Council as of December 1992. More than 60% of a total of over 9000 overt AIDS cases has arisen in the five largest urban areas. Patients with open wounds represent a daily risk of contamination for emergency room personnel. In addition to surgical treatment and after written informed consent, we conducted HIV-antibody studies on patients with open wounds in the trauma emergency room of the University Hospital Eppendorf over a period of 6 months. Of 286 patients 220 (77%) consented to the study, and 6 HIV infections were found, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.7%.

The role of Anti-Mullerian hormone in predicting fertilization and pregnancy 2 rates following in... more The role of Anti-Mullerian hormone in predicting fertilization and pregnancy 2 rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and 3 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles at a public fertility centre in 4 Nigeria Anti-Mullerian hormone and outcomes of IVF-ET and ICSI

PubMed, Dec 1, 2012

The HIV epidemic has continued to grow and remains a major challenge to mankind. In the past, eth... more The HIV epidemic has continued to grow and remains a major challenge to mankind. In the past, ethical considerations about the resulting child and risks of sexual, vertical and nosocomial transmission of HIV prevented practitioners from offering fertility services to people living with HIV. In recent times however, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has not only improved the life expectancy and quality of life of those infected but also reduced the risk of HIV transmission. The need for fertility services in the HIV-positive population has thus increased and may be employed for management of infertility and protection from transmission or acquisition of HIV infection. As such, preconception counseling, sexual health and fertility screening have become routine in the management of HIV-positive couples. The option of care include adoption, self insemination with husband sperm, embryo donation from couples who have been verified to be HIV negative, insemination with donor sperm, timed unprotected intercourse (TUI) and sperm washing combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI) and assisted reproductive technology (ART) including in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Access to these fertility services by HIV-positive clients should be facilitated as part of efforts to promote their reproductive health and rights.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2011

Over 50% of the 33.3 million HIV-positive persons are women within the reproductive age group. Wi... more Over 50% of the 33.3 million HIV-positive persons are women within the reproductive age group. With increasing availability and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the prognosis, life expectancy and quality of life of infected persons has improved. HIV-positive women, like their uninfected counterparts, may desire to plan pregnancies, limit their families, or avoid pregnancy. The effective use of contraception by HIV-positive clients can contribute significantly to reduction in both sexual and vertical transmission of the virus. HIV-positive clients can use most of the available contraception methods including barrier, hormonal, intrauterine devices and sterilization. However, some antiretroviral drugs interact with hormonal contraceptives with potentials for reduction in efficacy. Dual protection with concomitant use of a more effective contraceptive method and male or female condom to prevent HIV and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is the standard. It is necessary to make provision for contraceptive service as part of comprehensive care for the HIV-positive client.

Journal of HIV and human reproduction, 2013

may be attributed to the high total fertility rate of 5.7%, a large percentage of women in the re... more may be attributed to the high total fertility rate of 5.7%, a large percentage of women in the reproductive age group and a low contraceptive prevalence rate of 15%. [2] The 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) estimates the maternal mortality ratio at 545/100,000 live birth and infant mortality rate at 75 deaths/1,000 live births. [2] The life expectancy at birth for women and men in Nigeria is estimated at 47.1 years and 46 years respectively. [2] This NDHS also revealed that; 36% of pregnant women do not receive any form of antenatal care (ANC), only 35% of deliveries occur in health facilities and 56% of mothers did not receive any post natal care, breastfeeding was nearly universal, with 97% of children being breastfed, although, only 13% of children under 6 months were exclusively breastfed. Health-care provision in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government; the federal, state and local governments, which have broad responsibilities for tertiary, secondary and primary care respectively. The federal government through the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) provides policy guidance and technical assistance to the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The FMOH also implement and/or monitor and evaluate National Health Programs and Policies. In 2011, a census of available Health Facilities in Nigeria showed a total of 34,173, of which 30,098 (88.1%) are Primary Health-Care Facilities, 3,992 (11.7%) secondary and 83 (0.2%) tertiary. [3] Nearly, 38%

PubMed, Sep 1, 2015

Rapid HIV test in labour provide an opportunity for the identification of HIV positive pregnant w... more Rapid HIV test in labour provide an opportunity for the identification of HIV positive pregnant women who should benefit from interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Between November 2013 and June 2014 we conducted rapid HIV testing of pregnant women in labour at the National Hospital Abuja to determine the HIV seroconversion rate in pregnancy and the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women in labour with previously unknown status. HIV testing and counseling (HTC) was acceptable to 224 (99.6%) of the pregnant women who met the study criteria. The mean 'turnaround' time for test result was 288 minutes and 16.2 minutes for tests performed in the hospital laboratory and those performed at the point-of-care (labour ward) respectively. HIV seroconversion was detected in 2(1.2%) of the 165 parturients with initial HIV negative result early in the index pregnancy. HIV infection was detected in four (2.7%) of the 59 parturients with unknown HIV status. Secondary school level education was significantly associated with HIV seroconversion in pregnancy P < 0.001. HTC in labour using rapid testing strategy is feasible and acceptable in our setting. The introduction of HCT will lead to the diagnosis of HIV positive women in labour, appropriate interventions and prevention of MTCT of HIV.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics, Oct 1, 2012

the neonatal back up facility was not up to the mark to take care of 33 week fetus after delivery... more the neonatal back up facility was not up to the mark to take care of 33 week fetus after delivery. Proper knowledge of Rh negative mother management to obstetricians, avoiding leuco depletion & irradiation of the blood products, simple spinal needle in case of Anterior Placenta, and 10 to 15% over correction of fetal Hb during in utero fetal transfusion and also keeping the fetus in utero as late as possible are the keys to reduce the cost. We are also following up the children after in utero transfusion with over correction for neurological and hematological outcome. Till the age of 4 years no problems were noted. Larger multi centric trials are required to establish the in utero fetal transfusion with over correction of fetal hemoglobin to reduce the number of procedure and the total treatment more cost effective.

Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2020

Context: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection in pregnant ... more Context: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection in pregnant women has increased potential for Mother-to-Child Transmission risks of both viruses. The reports on the prevalence and risk factors for HIV and HCV co-infection in pregnancy are limited in Nigeria. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infection among pregnant women in Abuja. Study Design: A cross-sectional seroprevalence study carried out on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in Abuja from July 1st to October 31st 2016. Patients were recruited consecutively and counselled for HIV and HCV. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and information on potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infections. Blood samples were collected for HIV and HCV screening using rapid test kits following the national testing algorithm. Data generated were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: 252 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 31.7 ± 4.9 years. The prevalence of HIV and HCV was 12.3% and 1.2% respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection was 0.8%. The prevalence of HCV among HIV positive cohorts was 6.5%. HIV infection was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion (P = 0.047), presence of tattoo/scarification marks (P = 0.009) and multiple sexual partners (P < 0.0001). HCV infections was not significantly associated with any of the risk factors studied. Conclusion: HIV prevalence is high among the pregnant women. HCV co-infection is common in women who are HIV infected. HIV infection unlike HCV was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion, presence of tattoo/scarification marks and multiple sexual partners.

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 2020

Background: Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone agonist (GnRHa) – long and short acting – is used for... more Background: Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone agonist (GnRHa) – long and short acting – is used for pituitary down regulation prior to ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. However, there are controversies in the literature as to their effectiveness, dose of gonadotrophin needed subsequently for ovarian stimulation and the clinical outcome. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of single-dose long-acting GnRHa – goserelin – and daily dose short-acting GnRHa – buserelin – for pituitary down regulation and their clinical outcome in IVF treatment. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was undertaken at the IVF centre in National Hospital Abuja, a public tertiary hospital in Nigeria. A total of 114 IVF patients were consecutively allocated into either long-acting GnRHa – goserelin – 3.6 mg single dose (Group A) or short-acting GnRHa – buserelin – 0.5 mg daily (Group B) both starting on day 21 of the cycle preceding the IVF treatment. The effects on pituitary down regulation and treatment outcomes were compared. Results: Time taken (days) to achieve down regulation (22.6 ± 4.3 vs. 26.1 ± 8.0; P = 0.084) and the mean number of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) doses used (57.7 ± 13.7 vs. 54.2 ± 16.7; P = 0.222) were similar in the two groups. Although the number of oocytes retrieved (9.9 ± 6.7 vs. 7.2 ± 5.0; P = 0.02) and fertilised (6.2 ± 4.4 vs. 4.6 ± 3.5; P = 0.04) were significantly higher in Group A, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of embryos (4.4 ± 2.6 vs. 4.0 ± 3.0; P = 0.850) and clinical pregnancy rate at 6 weeks (49.2% vs. 43.6%; odds ratio 1.249; confidence interval = 0.579–2.612; P = 0.578) in both the groups. While group B had a significantly higher number of hospital visits (P = 0.0001) as well as a higher number of injections (P = 0.0001), the mean cost of GnRHa and gonadotrophin used was significantly higher in Group A (P = 0.043). Conclusion: Single-dose long-acting GnRHa is as effective as daily dose short-acting GnRHa for pituitary desensitisation prior to controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics, Jan 17, 2020

To determine whether intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) eradicates peripheral an... more To determine whether intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) eradicates peripheral and placental malaria and improves birth weight.

A cross sectional descriptive survey of awareness and knowledge of emergency contraception among ... more A cross sectional descriptive survey of awareness and knowledge of emergency contraception among medical/paramedical and non-medical workers was carried out in the National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria. Most of the hospital workers were not aware of emergency contraceptive methods. 59.9% were not aware of emergency contraceptive pills, while 81.4% were not aware of the use of intrauterine contraceptive device. Medical and Paramedical workers show more awareness about emergency contraception than non-medical workers (

African Journal of Reproductive Health, Sep 1, 2021

The study compares the accuracy of clinical and ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight at t... more The study compares the accuracy of clinical and ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight at term in predicting birth weight. It was a prospective comparative study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria between May and August 2018. Three hundred pregnant women planned for delivery were recruited. In-utero clinical estimation of foetal weight was carried out using Dare's clinical method and sonographic estimation using Hadlock 3 formula. The newborn babies were weighed within 30 minutes of delivery. The difference in the accuracy of the clinical method (75.3%) and the ultrasonographic method (82.3%) was statistically significant (p-value=0.023). The accuracy of the clinical method among parturients whose BMI were <30kg/m 2 and ≥30.0kg/m 2 were 83.5% and 68.5% respectively while that of the ultrasonographic method were 85.2% and 80% respectively. We conclude that ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight is more accurate than the clinical method. However clinical method may be used when an ultrasound scan is not accessible.

Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2020

West African journal of medicine, 2021

Background The need for restrictive use of antibiotics has become a contemporary issue, hence the... more Background The need for restrictive use of antibiotics has become a contemporary issue, hence the drive for reduction in the duration of perioperative antibiotic use without compromising care. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of short course versus long course antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section. Methodology This was a randomised controlled study in which I66 patients admitted for elective or emergency caesarean section at National Hospital Abuja were randomly allocated into two parallel treatment groups in 1:1 allocation ratio. The study group received intravenous dose of 1g of ceftriaxone with 500mg of metronidazole stat post umbilical cord clamping. While the control group received post-operative doses of intravenous ceftriaxone 1g 12 hourly with 500mg of metronidazole eight hourly for 24 hours, then oral cefuroxime 500mg twice daily and metronidazole 400mg thrice daily for five days. Outcome measures included febrile morbidity, wound infection...

West African journal of medicine, 2015

BACKGROUND Pre-induction ripening of an unfavourable cervix reduces the incidence of failed induc... more BACKGROUND Pre-induction ripening of an unfavourable cervix reduces the incidence of failed induction and associated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) vaginal suppository with intra-cervical Foley's catheter balloon for pre-induction cervical ripening. METHODS It is a prospective randomized study. Clients with unfavourable cervix (Bishop score<5) were randomly allocated into two groups. One group received 3mg PGE2 vaginal suppository and the second group had intra cervical Foley catheter insertion and balloon inflated with 30mls of sterile water. RESULTS There were 38 patients in each arm.There was no difference in age, parity and educational level, p=0.9157, 0.8054 and 0.7568 respectively, in the two groups. There were significant changes in the Bishop scores following the application of Foley's catheter and Prostaglandin E2 (p= 0.0214 and 0.0105) respectively. The cer...

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2020

West African Journal of Medicine, 2011

BACKGROUND: Women constitute over 60 percent of the HIVinfected population in sub-saharan Africa.... more BACKGROUND: Women constitute over 60 percent of the HIVinfected population in sub-saharan Africa. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the life span of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Advances in scientific knowledge and management of the HIV-positive pregnant woman have also led to reduction in the risk of motherto-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. The gynaecological and reproductive health needs and care of the HIV-positive woman are poorly appreciated, suboptimal and largely neglected, with potential to negatively affect their quality of life and efforts at control of the HIV epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To review the contemporary gynaecological and reproductive health problems and management of the HIVpositive woman. METHODS: A review of local and international publications on gynaecology / reproductive health and HIV from indexed / online journals and relevant websites using Pubmed and Google search in the period between 1980 and March 2009. RESULTS: The HIV-positive woman suffers increased frequency and severity of pelvic infections and cervical premalignant and malignant lesions. Relapses and treatment failures of these conditions are common among these patients. Infertility and contraception are also challenges to the HIVpositive woman. Gynaecological and reproductive health care is an integral part of the comprehensive health care needs of the HIV-positive woman. CONCLUSION: In addition to antiretroviral treatment, HIVpositive women should be provided regular screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), cervical cytology, counselling and services for infertility and contraception. Appropriate attention to the gynaecological and reproductive health needs of the HIV-positive woman will improve her general health status and quality of life and contribute to reduction in the incidence of HIV infection. WAJM 2010; 29(3): 135-142.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2014

Maternal mortality has remained an intractable public health concern in most developing countries... more Maternal mortality has remained an intractable public health concern in most developing countries. Over time four main strategies—family planning, antenatal care, skilled delivery care and emergency obstetric care—have been identified as key in reducing the burden of maternal deaths. However, these services are not universally available or used in most developing countries. Efforts to improve this have led to the introduction of audits of service and care. Audits of maternity services and maternal deaths have been associated with improvement in quality of service and better client outcome. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended maternal death audit to identify factors that need to be addressed for the prevention of avoidable maternal deaths. The accepted approaches to maternal death audit include facility-based death review; verbal autopsy (community-based death review); near-miss review; criterion-based clinical audit and confidential enquiry into maternal deaths. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response was recently introduced as a means of ensuring that all deaths are accounted for. Successful introduction and continuation of an effective maternal mortality audit programme requires political commitment, an organised health system, legal and administrative back-up, financial support and capacity development. The adoption of the practice of maternal death audit in developing countries has been limited. Recent reports indicate that only a few developing countries including South Africa, Malaysia, Egypt and Jamaica have achieved a comprehensive programme or system of maternal death audit in the form of confidential enquiry into maternal deaths.