carlos esteban castillejo redondo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by carlos esteban castillejo redondo
Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, 2017
This paper is devoted to the numerical discretization of the hyperbolic two-phase flow model of B... more This paper is devoted to the numerical discretization of the hyperbolic two-phase flow model of Baer and Nunziato. Special attention is paid to the discretization of interface flux functions in the framework of Discontinuous Galerkin approach, where care has to be taken to efficiently approximate the non-conservative products inherent to the model equations. A discretization scheme is proposed in a Discontinuous Galerkin framework following the criterion of Abgrall. A stabilization technique based on artificial viscosity is applied to the high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method and tested on a bench of discontinuous test cases.
Journal of cellular physiology, Jan 28, 2018
Recent comprehensive next-generation genome and transcriptome analyses in lung cancer patients, s... more Recent comprehensive next-generation genome and transcriptome analyses in lung cancer patients, several clinical observations, and compelling evidence from mouse models of lung cancer have uncovered a critical role for Notch signaling in the initiation and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, Rumi is a "protein O-glucosyltransferase" that regulates Notch signaling through O-glucosylation of Notch receptors, and is the only enzymatic regulator whose activity is required for both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of Notch. We have conducted a detailed study on RUMI's involvement in NSCLC development and progression, and have further explored the therapeutic potential of its targeting in NSCLC. We have determined that Rumi is highly expressed in the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelia, including club cells and alveolar type II cells. Remarkably, RUMI maps to the region of chromosome 3q that corresponds to the major signature of neopl...
Archivamos Boletin Acal, 2014
El Estado Islamico recurre a la venta de bienes culturales para financiar sus operaciones belicas.
Revista Medica Del Hospital General De Mexico, Oct 1, 2012
Resumen Introducción: La broncoscopía es un procedimiento indispensable en el diagnóstico, estadi... more Resumen Introducción: La broncoscopía es un procedimiento indispensable en el diagnóstico, estadificación y seguimiento de las neoplasias primarias o metastásicas pulmonares. El diagnóstico temprano, mejora el pronóstico. Las dos nuevas tecnologías para el diagnóstico temprano más utilizadas actualmente son: la broncoscopía de autofluorescencia (BAF), y la broncoscopía con iluminación con luz de banda estrecha (LBE), o NBI (por sus siglas en Inglés, Narrow Band Imaging); esta última, resalta los cuatro cambios vasculares de angiogénesis en la mucosa respiratoria, que son característicos de la displasia, metaplasia, carcinoma in situ y carcinoma invasor. Estos cambios son: puntos vasculares, amputación de vasos, redes complejas de vasos tortuosos y asas vasculares, poco visibles con luz blanca. Material y método: Para valorar nuestra capacidad para reconocerlos, diseñamos un estudio comparativo, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo de casos consecutivos. Se realizó broncoscopía con luz blanca y LBE, en 14 pacientes con sospecha de cáncer en vías aéreas primario o metastásico, o antecedente de haberlo tenido. Los hallazgos broncoscópicos se correlacionaron con el reporte histopatológico. Los sitios biopsiados fueron aquellos que mostraron cambios con LBE. Resultados: Para la detección de neoplasia con luz blanca y LBE, la sensibilidad para ambos fue de 66.7, especificidad de 100, valor predictivo positivo de 100 y valor predictivo negativo de 91.7.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016
Purpose: We assessed the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on lactate clearance 2 duri... more Purpose: We assessed the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on lactate clearance 2 during an active recovery after high intensity exercise, by comparing genetic groups based on the 3 T1470A (rs1049434) MCT1 polymorphism, whose influence on lactate transport has been proven. Methods: Sixteen young male elite field hockey players participated in this study. All of them 5 completed two 400 m maximal run tests performed on different days, followed by 40 min of active 6 or passive recovery. Lactate samples were measured immediately after the tests, and at min 10, 20, 7 30 and 40 of the recoveries. Blood lactate decreases were calculated for each 10 min period. 8 Participants were distributed into three groups according to the T1470A polymorphism (TT, TA 9 and AA). Results: TT group had a lower blood lactate decrease than AA group during the 10-20 10 min period of the active recovery (p=0.018). This period had the highest blood lactate for the 11 whole sample, significantly differing from the other periods (p≤0.003). During the passive 12 recovery, lactate declines were constant except for the 0-10 min period (p≤0.003), suggesting that 13 liver uptake is similar in all the genetic groups, and that the difference seen during the active 14 recovery is mainly due to muscle lactate uptake. Conclusions: These differences according to the 15 polymorphic variant T1470A suggest that MCT1 plays a central role in taking up lactate from the 16 plasma to the muscle affects the plasma lactate decrease during a crucial period of active recovery, 17 where the maximal lactate amount is cleared (i.e. 10-20 min period).
Cirugia Y Cirujanos, 2013
Revista Medica Del Hospital General De Mexico, Jul 1, 2013
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is considered a mini... more Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is considered a mini- mally invasive procedure with low complication rates and high sensitivity for staging lung cancer. Its use for diagnosing intrathoracic cancer recurrence is increasing. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman in whom lymph node metastasis was confirmed by EBUS-TBNA three years after lung cancer resection.
International Journal of Obesity, 2012
Revista Geológica de América Central, 2011
El evento sísmico del 20 de agosto de 1999 (Ms 6,9, Mw 6,9) fue sentido en todo el país, provocan... more El evento sísmico del 20 de agosto de 1999 (Ms 6,9, Mw 6,9) fue sentido en todo el país, provocando algunos daños en los poblados de la cos-ta pacífica central de Costa Rica generando alarma y preocupación entre los pobladores. Sin embargo, no se registraron víctimas fatales y daños mayores en la infraestructura, debido a que el hipocentro se ubicó bajo el piso oceánico y a una
ISRN Endoscopy, 2013
Purpose. We describe characteristics, utility, and safety of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in an ... more Purpose. We describe characteristics, utility, and safety of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. Prospective and descriptive cohort of patients admitted to a respiratory ICU from March 2010 to June 2012. Results. A total of 102 FOBs were performed in 84 patients among 580 patients that were admitted to the ICU. Mean age was 48±17 years. FOB was useful in 65% of diagnostic procedures and 83% of therapeutic procedures, with an overall utility of 75%. Indications and utility according to indication were pneumonia in 31 cases, utility of 52%; percutaneous tracheostomy guidance in 26 cases, utility of 100%; atelectasis in 25 cases, utility of 76%; airway exploration in 16 cases, utility of 75%; hemoptysis in two cases, utility of 100%; and difficult airway intubation in two cases, utility of 100%. A decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) of >5% during FOB was present in 65% of cases, and other minor complications were present in 3.9% of cases. Conclus...
IET Seminar Digests, 2007
ABSTRACT This article reports a PIFA theoretical model based on cavity model [1] extended to acco... more ABSTRACT This article reports a PIFA theoretical model based on cavity model [1] extended to account the effects of short circuit loads. Simulations and experimental results are provided in order to show the accuracy of the model.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 2012
Bronchoscopy has been described as a safe procedure with a low rate of complications. We present ... more Bronchoscopy has been described as a safe procedure with a low rate of complications. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for chronic cough. Immediately after the procedure, she developed proptosis of the left eye that required urgent attention. It resolved with medical treatment alone and the patient was discharged without any long-term complications.
Indian Journal of Mednodent and Allied Sciences, 2014
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas which largely occ... more Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas which largely occur in the extremities and the head and neck region. The tumours are aggressive with a high rate of recurrence. Radical surgical resection remains the treatment of choice with adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy still failing to demonstrate a clear benefit. The gastrointestinal tract is an exceedingly rare site for these tumours. We report an unusual case of a young male with an MPNST of the small bowel who presented with an ileocolic intussusception and sigmoid perforation.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 2014
Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare disease characterized by extracellular focal... more Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare disease characterized by extracellular focal or diffuse submucosal deposits of amyloid proteins. Various types of endobronchial lesions have been described in TBA when bronchoscopy is performed using white light. Narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy has been mainly employed for detecting preneoplastic and neoplastic endobronchial lesions as it provides more detailed images of the microvasculature reflective of an altered angiogenesis process. Here, we describe bronchoscopic findings with white light and narrow-band imaging in 2 patients presenting with central airway obstructive disease later confirmed as having primary TBA.
Psychopharmacology, 2003
Rationale: Cholinergic receptor blockade produces memory deficits in animal models. These deficit... more Rationale: Cholinergic receptor blockade produces memory deficits in animal models. These deficits can be prevented by 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron, which increases acetylcholine release. We investigated the effects on cognitive performance of combined treatments of ondansetron with either flumazenil, a GABA A receptor benzodiazepine site antagonist, or tacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, which are also able to prevent scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: Spatial learning and memory was assessed by studying the effects of single and combined treatments on acquisition and retention of the Morris water maze task in rats. Results: Scopolamine (0.6 mg/kg) induced significant learning and retention deficits. Both ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) and tacrine (3 mg/kg) partially prevented the scopolamine-induced learning deficit. A full reversal was only found after the combined treatment of ondansetron with flumazenil (10 mg/kg) and also after tacrine in combination with ondansetron. Likewise, scopolamineinduced retention deficit was fully counteracted by the combined treatment of ondansetron with either flumazenil or tacrine, and only partially by any of the single treatments tested. Conclusions: The scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and retention in the water maze is fully prevented by ondansetron when given in combination with either flumazenil or tacrine, suggesting that both combined treatments result in a potentiated cholinergic function and may constitute the basis of a new therapy for cognitive disorders.
Pediatric Research, 2005
N-3 fatty acid deficiency has been related to decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased ... more N-3 fatty acid deficiency has been related to decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels in brain and to learning disadvantages. The influence of n-3 deficiency and supplementation on brain fatty acids and learning were investigated in young rats. Newborn Wistar rats were assigned to three groups of cross-foster mothers. The control group (C) was nursed by mothers that received essential fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation, and the deficient group (D) was nursed by mothers that did not receive those fatty acids. The supplemental group (S) had the same conditions as D, receiving an additional DHA and arachidonic acid supplement during lactation. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus fatty acid composition was examined using thin-layer and capillary column gas chromatography, and learning was measured by passive-avoidance procedure. D brains showed low DHA and high DPA levels, but S brain composition was similar to C. Learning in the S group was unaffected, but in the D group, it was poorer than C. Learning was directly correlated with DHA levels and inversely with DPA levels in brain. Low DHA and high DPA brain levels both were correlated with poor learning. DPA seems not to be a suitable brain functional analogue of DHA, and DHA supplementation reversed both biochemical and learning adverse effects observed in n-3 deficiency. (Pediatr Res 57: 719-723, 2005) Abbreviations AA, arachidonic acid DHA, docosahexaenoic acid DPA, docosapentaenoic acid EFA, essential fatty acid FA, fatty acid IQR, interquartile range LCPUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids PC, phosphatidylcholine PE, phosphatidylethanolamine PI, phosphatidylinositol PS, phosphatidylserine SFA, saturated fatty acids STL, step-through latency
Nutrition, 2008
We assessed the individual association of sedentary behaviors with the risk of overweight and exc... more We assessed the individual association of sedentary behaviors with the risk of overweight and excess body fat (overfat) in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample (1960 subjects, 1012 males, age 13-18.5 y) of Spanish adolescents was studied within the framework of the Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes (AVENA) study. Television (TV) watching, videogame and computer usage, doing homework, and the way students got to school, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Anthropometrics were measured to describe overweight (International Obesity Task Force cutoffs for body mass index) and overfat (body fat percentage Ͼ85th percentile). Results: When all subjects were considered as an entire group, the overweight risk increased by 15.8% (P Ͻ 0.05) per increasing hour of TV watching. The overweight risks decreased by 32.5% in females, 22% per increasing year of age, and 12.5% by increasing socioeconomic status by 1 U (all Ps Ͻ 0.05). The obesity risks decreased with age by 17.8% per year in males and 27.1% in females (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). The overfat risks increased by 26.8% and 9.4% per increasing hour of TV and weekend videogame usage, respectively (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). In males, the overfat risk increased by 21.5% per increasing hour in weekend videogame usage (P Ͻ 0.05). Each hour of TV use increased the overfat risks by 22% in males and 28.3% in females (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). Conclusions: Time spent watching TV increased the risk of overweight and obesity in Spanish adolescents, but the effect was influenced by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, an excess of body fat was more directly explained by the time spent watching TV and playing videogames during the weekend.
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2009
To determine whether birth weight is associated with handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness... more To determine whether birth weight is associated with handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness in adolescence and, if so, how these associations are influenced by current body composition. A total of 1801 adolescents (983 females), age 13 to 18.5 years, from the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes Españoles [Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Spanish Adolescents]) study were evaluated. Handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness were assessed using the handgrip test and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. Birth weight was positively associated with handgrip strength in females after controlling for current age, gestational age, breast-feeding, and adolescent body mass index (P = .002), body fat percentage (P < .001), or waist circumference (P = .005), but not after controlling for fat-free mass. The associations were similar yet weaker in males. Females with high birth weight…
Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, 2017
This paper is devoted to the numerical discretization of the hyperbolic two-phase flow model of B... more This paper is devoted to the numerical discretization of the hyperbolic two-phase flow model of Baer and Nunziato. Special attention is paid to the discretization of interface flux functions in the framework of Discontinuous Galerkin approach, where care has to be taken to efficiently approximate the non-conservative products inherent to the model equations. A discretization scheme is proposed in a Discontinuous Galerkin framework following the criterion of Abgrall. A stabilization technique based on artificial viscosity is applied to the high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method and tested on a bench of discontinuous test cases.
Journal of cellular physiology, Jan 28, 2018
Recent comprehensive next-generation genome and transcriptome analyses in lung cancer patients, s... more Recent comprehensive next-generation genome and transcriptome analyses in lung cancer patients, several clinical observations, and compelling evidence from mouse models of lung cancer have uncovered a critical role for Notch signaling in the initiation and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, Rumi is a "protein O-glucosyltransferase" that regulates Notch signaling through O-glucosylation of Notch receptors, and is the only enzymatic regulator whose activity is required for both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of Notch. We have conducted a detailed study on RUMI's involvement in NSCLC development and progression, and have further explored the therapeutic potential of its targeting in NSCLC. We have determined that Rumi is highly expressed in the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelia, including club cells and alveolar type II cells. Remarkably, RUMI maps to the region of chromosome 3q that corresponds to the major signature of neopl...
Archivamos Boletin Acal, 2014
El Estado Islamico recurre a la venta de bienes culturales para financiar sus operaciones belicas.
Revista Medica Del Hospital General De Mexico, Oct 1, 2012
Resumen Introducción: La broncoscopía es un procedimiento indispensable en el diagnóstico, estadi... more Resumen Introducción: La broncoscopía es un procedimiento indispensable en el diagnóstico, estadificación y seguimiento de las neoplasias primarias o metastásicas pulmonares. El diagnóstico temprano, mejora el pronóstico. Las dos nuevas tecnologías para el diagnóstico temprano más utilizadas actualmente son: la broncoscopía de autofluorescencia (BAF), y la broncoscopía con iluminación con luz de banda estrecha (LBE), o NBI (por sus siglas en Inglés, Narrow Band Imaging); esta última, resalta los cuatro cambios vasculares de angiogénesis en la mucosa respiratoria, que son característicos de la displasia, metaplasia, carcinoma in situ y carcinoma invasor. Estos cambios son: puntos vasculares, amputación de vasos, redes complejas de vasos tortuosos y asas vasculares, poco visibles con luz blanca. Material y método: Para valorar nuestra capacidad para reconocerlos, diseñamos un estudio comparativo, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo de casos consecutivos. Se realizó broncoscopía con luz blanca y LBE, en 14 pacientes con sospecha de cáncer en vías aéreas primario o metastásico, o antecedente de haberlo tenido. Los hallazgos broncoscópicos se correlacionaron con el reporte histopatológico. Los sitios biopsiados fueron aquellos que mostraron cambios con LBE. Resultados: Para la detección de neoplasia con luz blanca y LBE, la sensibilidad para ambos fue de 66.7, especificidad de 100, valor predictivo positivo de 100 y valor predictivo negativo de 91.7.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016
Purpose: We assessed the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on lactate clearance 2 duri... more Purpose: We assessed the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on lactate clearance 2 during an active recovery after high intensity exercise, by comparing genetic groups based on the 3 T1470A (rs1049434) MCT1 polymorphism, whose influence on lactate transport has been proven. Methods: Sixteen young male elite field hockey players participated in this study. All of them 5 completed two 400 m maximal run tests performed on different days, followed by 40 min of active 6 or passive recovery. Lactate samples were measured immediately after the tests, and at min 10, 20, 7 30 and 40 of the recoveries. Blood lactate decreases were calculated for each 10 min period. 8 Participants were distributed into three groups according to the T1470A polymorphism (TT, TA 9 and AA). Results: TT group had a lower blood lactate decrease than AA group during the 10-20 10 min period of the active recovery (p=0.018). This period had the highest blood lactate for the 11 whole sample, significantly differing from the other periods (p≤0.003). During the passive 12 recovery, lactate declines were constant except for the 0-10 min period (p≤0.003), suggesting that 13 liver uptake is similar in all the genetic groups, and that the difference seen during the active 14 recovery is mainly due to muscle lactate uptake. Conclusions: These differences according to the 15 polymorphic variant T1470A suggest that MCT1 plays a central role in taking up lactate from the 16 plasma to the muscle affects the plasma lactate decrease during a crucial period of active recovery, 17 where the maximal lactate amount is cleared (i.e. 10-20 min period).
Cirugia Y Cirujanos, 2013
Revista Medica Del Hospital General De Mexico, Jul 1, 2013
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is considered a mini... more Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is considered a mini- mally invasive procedure with low complication rates and high sensitivity for staging lung cancer. Its use for diagnosing intrathoracic cancer recurrence is increasing. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman in whom lymph node metastasis was confirmed by EBUS-TBNA three years after lung cancer resection.
International Journal of Obesity, 2012
Revista Geológica de América Central, 2011
El evento sísmico del 20 de agosto de 1999 (Ms 6,9, Mw 6,9) fue sentido en todo el país, provocan... more El evento sísmico del 20 de agosto de 1999 (Ms 6,9, Mw 6,9) fue sentido en todo el país, provocando algunos daños en los poblados de la cos-ta pacífica central de Costa Rica generando alarma y preocupación entre los pobladores. Sin embargo, no se registraron víctimas fatales y daños mayores en la infraestructura, debido a que el hipocentro se ubicó bajo el piso oceánico y a una
ISRN Endoscopy, 2013
Purpose. We describe characteristics, utility, and safety of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in an ... more Purpose. We describe characteristics, utility, and safety of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. Prospective and descriptive cohort of patients admitted to a respiratory ICU from March 2010 to June 2012. Results. A total of 102 FOBs were performed in 84 patients among 580 patients that were admitted to the ICU. Mean age was 48±17 years. FOB was useful in 65% of diagnostic procedures and 83% of therapeutic procedures, with an overall utility of 75%. Indications and utility according to indication were pneumonia in 31 cases, utility of 52%; percutaneous tracheostomy guidance in 26 cases, utility of 100%; atelectasis in 25 cases, utility of 76%; airway exploration in 16 cases, utility of 75%; hemoptysis in two cases, utility of 100%; and difficult airway intubation in two cases, utility of 100%. A decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) of >5% during FOB was present in 65% of cases, and other minor complications were present in 3.9% of cases. Conclus...
IET Seminar Digests, 2007
ABSTRACT This article reports a PIFA theoretical model based on cavity model [1] extended to acco... more ABSTRACT This article reports a PIFA theoretical model based on cavity model [1] extended to account the effects of short circuit loads. Simulations and experimental results are provided in order to show the accuracy of the model.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 2012
Bronchoscopy has been described as a safe procedure with a low rate of complications. We present ... more Bronchoscopy has been described as a safe procedure with a low rate of complications. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for chronic cough. Immediately after the procedure, she developed proptosis of the left eye that required urgent attention. It resolved with medical treatment alone and the patient was discharged without any long-term complications.
Indian Journal of Mednodent and Allied Sciences, 2014
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas which largely occ... more Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas which largely occur in the extremities and the head and neck region. The tumours are aggressive with a high rate of recurrence. Radical surgical resection remains the treatment of choice with adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy still failing to demonstrate a clear benefit. The gastrointestinal tract is an exceedingly rare site for these tumours. We report an unusual case of a young male with an MPNST of the small bowel who presented with an ileocolic intussusception and sigmoid perforation.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 2014
Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare disease characterized by extracellular focal... more Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare disease characterized by extracellular focal or diffuse submucosal deposits of amyloid proteins. Various types of endobronchial lesions have been described in TBA when bronchoscopy is performed using white light. Narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy has been mainly employed for detecting preneoplastic and neoplastic endobronchial lesions as it provides more detailed images of the microvasculature reflective of an altered angiogenesis process. Here, we describe bronchoscopic findings with white light and narrow-band imaging in 2 patients presenting with central airway obstructive disease later confirmed as having primary TBA.
Psychopharmacology, 2003
Rationale: Cholinergic receptor blockade produces memory deficits in animal models. These deficit... more Rationale: Cholinergic receptor blockade produces memory deficits in animal models. These deficits can be prevented by 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron, which increases acetylcholine release. We investigated the effects on cognitive performance of combined treatments of ondansetron with either flumazenil, a GABA A receptor benzodiazepine site antagonist, or tacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, which are also able to prevent scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: Spatial learning and memory was assessed by studying the effects of single and combined treatments on acquisition and retention of the Morris water maze task in rats. Results: Scopolamine (0.6 mg/kg) induced significant learning and retention deficits. Both ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) and tacrine (3 mg/kg) partially prevented the scopolamine-induced learning deficit. A full reversal was only found after the combined treatment of ondansetron with flumazenil (10 mg/kg) and also after tacrine in combination with ondansetron. Likewise, scopolamineinduced retention deficit was fully counteracted by the combined treatment of ondansetron with either flumazenil or tacrine, and only partially by any of the single treatments tested. Conclusions: The scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and retention in the water maze is fully prevented by ondansetron when given in combination with either flumazenil or tacrine, suggesting that both combined treatments result in a potentiated cholinergic function and may constitute the basis of a new therapy for cognitive disorders.
Pediatric Research, 2005
N-3 fatty acid deficiency has been related to decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased ... more N-3 fatty acid deficiency has been related to decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels in brain and to learning disadvantages. The influence of n-3 deficiency and supplementation on brain fatty acids and learning were investigated in young rats. Newborn Wistar rats were assigned to three groups of cross-foster mothers. The control group (C) was nursed by mothers that received essential fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation, and the deficient group (D) was nursed by mothers that did not receive those fatty acids. The supplemental group (S) had the same conditions as D, receiving an additional DHA and arachidonic acid supplement during lactation. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus fatty acid composition was examined using thin-layer and capillary column gas chromatography, and learning was measured by passive-avoidance procedure. D brains showed low DHA and high DPA levels, but S brain composition was similar to C. Learning in the S group was unaffected, but in the D group, it was poorer than C. Learning was directly correlated with DHA levels and inversely with DPA levels in brain. Low DHA and high DPA brain levels both were correlated with poor learning. DPA seems not to be a suitable brain functional analogue of DHA, and DHA supplementation reversed both biochemical and learning adverse effects observed in n-3 deficiency. (Pediatr Res 57: 719-723, 2005) Abbreviations AA, arachidonic acid DHA, docosahexaenoic acid DPA, docosapentaenoic acid EFA, essential fatty acid FA, fatty acid IQR, interquartile range LCPUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids PC, phosphatidylcholine PE, phosphatidylethanolamine PI, phosphatidylinositol PS, phosphatidylserine SFA, saturated fatty acids STL, step-through latency
Nutrition, 2008
We assessed the individual association of sedentary behaviors with the risk of overweight and exc... more We assessed the individual association of sedentary behaviors with the risk of overweight and excess body fat (overfat) in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample (1960 subjects, 1012 males, age 13-18.5 y) of Spanish adolescents was studied within the framework of the Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes (AVENA) study. Television (TV) watching, videogame and computer usage, doing homework, and the way students got to school, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Anthropometrics were measured to describe overweight (International Obesity Task Force cutoffs for body mass index) and overfat (body fat percentage Ͼ85th percentile). Results: When all subjects were considered as an entire group, the overweight risk increased by 15.8% (P Ͻ 0.05) per increasing hour of TV watching. The overweight risks decreased by 32.5% in females, 22% per increasing year of age, and 12.5% by increasing socioeconomic status by 1 U (all Ps Ͻ 0.05). The obesity risks decreased with age by 17.8% per year in males and 27.1% in females (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). The overfat risks increased by 26.8% and 9.4% per increasing hour of TV and weekend videogame usage, respectively (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). In males, the overfat risk increased by 21.5% per increasing hour in weekend videogame usage (P Ͻ 0.05). Each hour of TV use increased the overfat risks by 22% in males and 28.3% in females (both Ps Ͻ 0.05). Conclusions: Time spent watching TV increased the risk of overweight and obesity in Spanish adolescents, but the effect was influenced by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, an excess of body fat was more directly explained by the time spent watching TV and playing videogames during the weekend.
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2009
To determine whether birth weight is associated with handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness... more To determine whether birth weight is associated with handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness in adolescence and, if so, how these associations are influenced by current body composition. A total of 1801 adolescents (983 females), age 13 to 18.5 years, from the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes Españoles [Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Spanish Adolescents]) study were evaluated. Handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness were assessed using the handgrip test and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. Birth weight was positively associated with handgrip strength in females after controlling for current age, gestational age, breast-feeding, and adolescent body mass index (P = .002), body fat percentage (P < .001), or waist circumference (P = .005), but not after controlling for fat-free mass. The associations were similar yet weaker in males. Females with high birth weight…