Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation (CAJESTI) (original) (raw)

Papers by Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation (CAJESTI)

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

is a comprehensive term for land use and there is usually an economic and ecological relationship... more is a comprehensive term for land use and there is usually an economic and ecological relationship between system components (tree, crop and livestock). • In many areas of Gilan-e Gharb city, various types of plantation have been carried out, which have not been examined quantitatively and qualitatively. • The purpose of this study is to study the most important plantations in Gilan-e Gharb. Plantation characteristics include production of two or more crops while conserving natural resources, use of trees and shrubs, a period of more than one year, suitability for a sensitive environment, and low input. Plantations can also have high social and cultural value compared to other forest management systems and are more complex in structure and application than monoculture farming. The objective of this study is to investigate the existing plantation system in Gilan-e Gharb city. In order to study the plantations in the study area, the almond cultivation unit of Sha'eran village in Cheleh district was identified. The type of plantation, its area, the type of species used, etc. were studied. The almond cultivation projects of Poshteh Samavat, Abdulaziz and Sha'eran villages are located on the national and agricultural lands on the north side of Gar Kouchak hill, which has an area of about 20 hectares. The project was started in 1997 by the residents themselves and with the cooperation of the Natural Resources Department of Gilan-e Gharb City with the planting of almond seeds. The trees in the project area are now about 20 years old. The project is now economically viable and has the opportunity to plant medicinal plants within the project area (among the trees). Planting can serve as a solution for sustainable development in this region so that farmers can maximize production based on the principle of continuous production and the approach of increasing income to conserve forests.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Conocarpus erectus L, which occupies more than 60% of the green space of Ahvaz, has been faced wi... more Conocarpus erectus L, which occupies more than 60% of the green space of Ahvaz, has been faced with baseless and populist accusations such as non-use for nesting birds, and non-use for its gum and various parts by insects and other animals. Also, it has become a dangerous threat by identifying this plant as the cause of respiratory diseases and autumn allergies in the city of Ahvaz and the southern parts of Khuzestan province. On the other hand, some people believe this plant, with its fast-growing characteristics, is a profitable and investment-friendly species for seedlings, and these are perhaps the simplest general views of the Conocarpus tree in Iran. The results of scientific research indicate that the presence of this plant in the green spaces of Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city can have many beneficial effects for the region and can also be a platform for the development of green space diversification. Perhaps one of the biggest problems of this plant is its allergenic nature. According to the researches, not only this plant is not allergenic, but also due to frequent pruning, it grows only in the vegetative phase and does not enter the reproductive phase. However, the incorrect location of this plant in some urban areas due to the lack of proper infrastructure makes problems for the faulty municipal sewage network and also poses a risk to the electricity supply network that must be considered. In this article, by considering scientific sources and materials, the role, position and challenges facing the development of planting this plant, regardless of public and populist views, have been discussed in order to improve the environmental conditions affected by pollutants and dust.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Microbial quality, including total volatile counts (TVC), Entrobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, and ... more Microbial quality, including total volatile counts (TVC), Entrobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of salmon (Salmo trutta) irradiated at 0 (unirradiated), 2, 3, and 4 kg during 21 days of storage in a refrigerator (4 ± 1°C), was examined periodically (every 4 days). Unirradiated samples had higher bacterial counts than the others, and as the irradiation dose increased, the bacterial count decreased (P >0.05), as no LAB and Entrobacteriaceae were detected in the samples with 4 kg irradiation. The results showed that gamma irradiation inhibited bacterial growth in rainbow trout during storage at refrigeration temperatures. According to the results, the main effect of irradiation on microorganisms is due to the charged particles generated by irradiation, which are capable of breaking deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the presence of water, cell damage during irradiation is due to both direct damage to cell DNA and indirect damage due to the reactivity of the radioactive products with cell components.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Concrete is the second most widely used material in the construction industry after water due to ... more Concrete is the second most widely used material in the construction industry after water due to its special properties. But the Portland cement production process also has major drawbacks, with one ton of Portland cement producing almost one ton of carbon dioxide. Hence the need to use an alternative to Portland cement seems necessary. On the other hand, the principle of "waste-free" and the production of new materials with environmental impact less than the priorities will be the goals of sustainable development in future cities. To further develop environmentally friendly materials, it is necessary to know about the environmental stimuli of new materials as well as to evaluate the environmental effects of conventional materials in construction. In recent years, geopolymer has emerged as a sustainable, environmentally friendly material and an alternative to Portland cement. Geopolymers are ceramic-like materials with three-dimensional poly-compact structures formed by the chemical activation of solids containing aluminum and silica at relatively low temperatures. For the production of geopolymer concrete and use in construction, waste or by-products from industries can be used, such as coal combustion ash, smelting furnace slag, construction waste, or agricultural waste such as rice paddy. The present paper summarizes the studies on the use of geopolymer technology in sustainable materials for sustainable urban development in order to reduce the emission of environmental pollutants and evaluate the life cycle. Findings and results of studies show that geopolymer concretes have higher mechanical, chemical, and energy consumption properties than conventional concrete and offer significant environmental benefits.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Forest and rangeland fires are uncontrollable fires that occur naturally in areas with flammable ... more Forest and rangeland fires are uncontrollable fires that occur naturally in areas with flammable plants. The study area is Gilan-e Gharb, which is located in Kermanshah province. For this study, all fires that occurred during a fire season in 2019 in Gilan-e Gharb city were recorded in national sources. The data collected in this study include the name of the place, type of national resources (forest, pasture, etc.), fire date, time of fire start and end, fire area, fire duration, location of the area as UTM, and... The results show that 94 and 6% of natural resource fires are caused by human factors and natural causes, respectively. Among the human causes of fires, the most common cause of fire is water spillage (71.9%). Among human causes of fires, the most common cause of fires in national resources (71.9%) is recreation. Most fires occurred in the affected areas in Piakoleh and Miandar (Nawdar), Millianei, national resources near Kolah-e-Daraz Olya village and Ghasem-Abad stack. About 633 hectares of national resources in the region were affected by the fire, most of them in Shiakuh, Sarkesh and Paikoleh with about 150, 95, and 78 hectares respectively. Most of the fires affected rangelands, which is about 48.4% of the fires. Fires occur in the study area for six months and on average every three days. In addition, it takes an average of 46 minutes for each fire to be under control. Among the different fire durations, the 30-minute fire duration is the most common (29.7%). The highest percentage of fires in the fifth month (October) is 29.7%. To effectively protect natural resources, the information obtained should be used to efficiently manage, prevent, and extinguish fires in the study area and in the Zagros ecosystem in general.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Spatial factors are among the fundamental components in the location and development of rural ind... more Spatial factors are among the fundamental components in the location and development of rural industries in general and agricultural products in particular. Studies show that unsuitable location conditions cause the necessary inefficiency in production. The right location plays an important role in market competitiveness and should be chosen to gain strategic advantages over other competitors. Therefore, the choice of location is considered one of the key factors for starting production, and the results of this decision have long-term effects on the political, economic, environmental, social and technical aspects. Therefore, the various sources and opportunities should be identified first, and then the construction and development of each department should be carried out. Because according to the existing potentials in different regions, more and more important decisions are made in this field day by day. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the effective indicators and sub-indicators in this field to properly use the potential and capabilities of different regions. Our country, especially Kermanshah province, is not an exception in this regard. In order to increase productivity in the field of agricultural production and utilize the capacity of regions, the capabilities and potentials of different regions should be studied and scientific methods should be used to prioritize the classification of different regions for production work and utilization of natural and environmental talents of regions. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Hashilan wetland in agrotourism industry.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Ecotourism and nomadic tourism, and thus nomadic ecotourism as one of the components of tourism, ... more Ecotourism and nomadic tourism, and thus nomadic ecotourism as one of the components of tourism, can play an important role in the growth and development of the country's economy and the realization of the slogan of production leap declared and chosen by the Supreme Leader. We can interpret the production leap to mean better utilization of existing capacity. The nomadic ecotourism in terms of the potentials and good capabilities of nomadic tourism according to the nomadic community and nomadic products, which is indeed a clear example of the resistance economy. It can play a colorful role for the prosperity and jump in the production. Therefore, by taking practical measures within the framework and respecting the necessary standards and balanced development of all tourist areas, the establishment of tourist facilities in model tourist areas, the creation of tourism infrastructure in tourism potential, a good jump in production, sustainable employment, the elimination of dependence to produce and sell oil and confidence in the ability of the young and revolutionary generation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of production leap in nomadic tourism and the extent of social acceptance capacity and the potential and production potential of the nomadic community in nomadic tourism. The results of the study show that the average production potential is more than 2.5 in the middle of the 5-level Likert spectrum. Thus, the production capacity in tourism is above average. If this part of the capabilities and opportunities to support and expand tourism and ecotourism can help increase the income of the nomadic community and develop employment along with livestock. Therefore, nomadic ecotourism with its capacities can be considered as a fundamental solution for sustainable development and a leap in production.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Iran's Kermanshah province is one of the few provinces that have the potential for sustainable de... more Iran's Kermanshah province is one of the few provinces that have the potential for sustainable development of agriculture, natural resources and employment growth associated with this sector in the face of climate change due to its diverse geological, topographical, climatic, soil, vegetation and geographical conditions. In this context, it is necessary to study the ecotourism potential in relation to different sectors such as horticulture, agriculture, livestock, medicinal plants, soil resources, rivers, forests, pastures and settlement culture at the regional level. This depends on integrated management that focuses on the management system, agricultural financing, effective monitoring, ecotourism facilities, and quality control of agricultural production. However, achieving this goal requires assessing the current situation and resolving management constraints, as well as necessary reforms in these areas to achieve sustainability of crop production and natural resources and entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Due to the insufficient employment situation in the province and the lack of capital resources, the limited resources should be allocated to sectors that have higher employment potential. In this regard, the agricultural sector is a high priority due to its importance to the province's economy and its linkage to other sectors of the economy. Therefore, officials must take measures to solve the problems of this sector and thereby increase production and entrepreneurship in Kermanshah province.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Water and soil are the most important and main available capital available in geographical areas.... more Water and soil are the most important and main available capital available in geographical areas. Case study of large and fertile plains has always been considered as a turning point in terms of productivity and increasing efficiency in this sector. In addition, the social dimension has the most flexibility in the study of factors. This issue can pave the way for the formation of different approaches. In general, irrigation management is possible through three sectors: public (government), private sector and private organizations (water users). Irrigation plan of Sistan plain in 46000 hectares of lands of this region within the lands of Zabol, Hamun, Zehak, Hirmand and Nimruz cities in 17 civil development units and the form of water supply to the lands in the form of detailed studies in the fields of soil science, hydrology and is hydraulically operated. In this research, the conditions of implementation of this project in terms of the type of implementation and operation have been studied in detail. The results showed that in arid and semi-arid regions, special social conditions, the state of resources lead to the fact that the operation of irrigation projects requires special conditions and without considering the direct role of farmers in the form of cooperatives and Water groups should be able to achieve the best efficiency conditions.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

• Study of coronavirus as a threat to public health and its gradual crisis on the global economy.... more • Study of coronavirus as a threat to public health and its gradual crisis on the global economy. • Investigating the effects of coronavirus on agriculture and global food security, which endanger life and livelihood? • Investigating the effects of coronavirus on the link between agri-food systems and the environment. Coronavirus began in early 2020 while posing a serious threat to agricultural production. A natural sucker for assessing risk between family farms provides answers. Unlike other types of risk, this disease does not directly affect family farms. It affects economic conditions, rising and falling prices for commodities and raw materials, relations between countries and their governments, and comments from experts and economists around the world. In countries already experiencing severe food insecurity, the issue is not only access to food, but also food production. The spread of coronavirus in Iran will also have a major impact on the domestic economy, agriculture, environment, and food. The damage caused by the Covid-19 epidemic to the agriculture and food industries is largely due to decreased demand, restrictions on importing and exporting agricultural and food products, and a reduction in the seasonal workforce due to the ban on driving and the closure of companies that produces agricultural products, packaging, and produce. Finally, if the spread of the coronavirus is not controlled, the damage will increase significantly. This will make the continuation of many businesses involved in agricultural and food production a serious challenge. The economic, health and social impacts of COVID-19 have direct and indirect links to the natural environment and to the way agri-food systems are organized. On the other hand, the growing environmental constraints in Iran reduce the potential of the agricultural sector to play a key role in the economy and ensure food security. Covid-19 therefore forces national programs and budgets to cope with growing ecological constraints. Therefore, the present case study refutes the hypothesis that Covid-19 has no effect on food security in Iran.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Natural recourses play a significant role in human's well being but economists' attention is most... more Natural recourses play a significant role in human's well being but economists' attention is mostly taken only on the marketable value but nowadays the tends, is changing as economic Valuation intends to create outstanding changes in public awareness by the valuation of biological resources like aquatic and land habitats of plant and animal and also to create a stronger motive for protection because as everybody knows free goods do not worth so different methods have been innovated and researchers have been studied in this way. These researches had made considerable progress in the valuation of environmental and ecological services, which was afforded by ecosystems. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is one of economic valuation tools, is based on public viewpoints, measures of individual’s willingness to pay (WTP)2 and individual’s willingness to accept (WTA)3 and maximum likelihood (ML)4 application. The result of a study on a measure of WTP shows that about 93% of the people are ready to pay monthly for protection and survival of Siberian Crane and only 7 % of them were not ready to pay only because of their low financial level. Results on the measure of WTA indicate that all 100% of people were not ready to accept money instead of annihilation of the Crane. The average willingness to pay for Siberian Crane protection is accounted 231723$ at the national zone and 57914270$ at the regional zone. Since the fisher test does not respond at the national zone and the difference was significant, extending the number of the samples to the national zone is impossible. It is merely possible to mention that about 1500 families in the country are ready to pay 40,000RLs monthly or 72,000,000 RLs annually only for the survival of Siberian Crain.

10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.06.01, 2021

Natural disasters such as storm are not tangible that allocate about 30% share of 90% of natural ... more Natural disasters such as storm are not tangible that allocate about 30% share of 90% of natural disasters. This study aimed to forecast occur probability of intense storms using Gambel distribution in Nahavand township based on 10 years, period from 1996 to 2005. Nahavand due to climatic characteristics and topography is an area stormy in Hamedan province and base on Nahavand station include the most occur storms in 2003 and 2004. In this study, Rainfall zoning of Hamedan province was done by geo statistic based on average rainfall 33 stations in Hamedan province and 10 stations from neighboring provinces. For indicating average speed and aspect of wind was used Wind rose. Using Wind rose software designed wind rose of autumn and winter moreover. Gambel distribution was used for study statistically and predicting the incident probability of stormy and strong winds in Nahavand. To select days along with stormy and strong wind, winds with equal speed and more than 17 m/s and accepted by the Weather Meteorology Organization (WMO) are accounted as days by a stormy and strong wind. Also, applied types of distribution using Smada software which best fit was for the Gumbel distribution. Based on the Beaufort index in a return period of 5 years, with a speed of 26 m/s and more there is likely to storm in the station of Nahavand. On the other hand, the maximum of thunderstorms of Hamedan province occurred in Nahavand station and most number of them is in the spring season. If the storm continued causing great damage to agriculture, services, electricity and telephone lines, trees, and gardens, etc. Thus, for the environmental planning and safety of structures must consider the occurrence of this natural danger to decrease these disturbing effects.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The disposal of industrial wastewater as untreated may create a great threat to the environment. ... more The disposal of industrial wastewater as untreated may create a great threat to the environment. • The effluent of the sugar mill that is highly alkaline can adversely affect on the environment. • The treatability performance of aluminum chloride has been applied and investigated. • The optimum dosage of aluminum chloride (i.e., 70 mg/L), can significantly reduce the concentration of COD and TSS by 68 and 78%, respectively, at cost of 0.85 USD/L. The disposal of untreated industrial wastewater is posing a great threat to the environment, especially in developing countries. The effluent of the sugar mill is highly alkaline and polluted, thus adversely affecting the environment. Various attempts were done by previous researches, but were ultimately found to be uneconomical when applied on a larger scale. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the treatability performance of aluminum chloride, as it is abundantly in the local market at a cheaper rate. The results of this study conclude that the optimum dosage of aluminum chloride, i.e., 70 mg/L, can effectively reduce the concentration of COD and TSS by 68 and 78%, respectively, at cost of 0.85USD/L.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Heavy metal pollution and its effect on biota are one of the human concerns nowadays. The amount ... more Heavy metal pollution and its effect on biota are one of the human concerns nowadays. The amount of heavy metal in a medium, reaches more than a specific limit, it becomes toxic for those animals that live in the environment. The aim of this study was to assessments environmental risk based on ISO 31000 in water and the toxicity of heavy metal in fish (Gambusia holbrooki) through conduction of a static bioassay. Environmental risk management provides a basis for decisions about the most appropriate approach to be used to treat the risks. According to our results, Concentrations for Ag were 0.0016, 0.0035, 0.00625, 0.0125 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations for Cu were 0.16, 0.35, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that heavy metal toxicity (Ag & Cu) had a significant effect on fish. No Observable Effect (NOEL) for Ag and Cu were 0.0016 and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively, and No Observable Adverse Effect (NOAEL) of them were 0.025 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, Ag toxicity was significantly very higher than Cu toxicity for fish. Environmental risk assessments based on ISO 31000 is a useful tool for all areas of risk and permits the identification of how and where it may be possible to improve controls.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

This study was conducted in five general phases as below: 2.2.1. Phase 1: Identification of indic... more This study was conducted in five general phases as below: 2.2.1. Phase 1: Identification of indicators for the selection of waste disposal methods By examining existing literature, library studies, reviewing existing waste management standards, waste management practices in organizations, existing documentation and in-depth interviews with relevant experts and experts, 41 indices and 6 general methods were extracted.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Climate change affects agricultural production and agricultural-related factors such as food secu... more Climate change affects agricultural production and agricultural-related factors such as food security and economic well-being. Climate and its changes in recent decades have become one of the most important global issues and one of the major environmental problems. Agriculture is one of the first sectors to be affected by these changes; because farmers are unable to control the climate. However, management and change in factors such as crop cultivation and optimization of cultivation patterns under the climate of the region, can reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the growth and yield of agricultural products and play an important role in sustainable food production. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that the average global temperature rise for 2050 will be around 3 °C and at the end of this century around 4.5 °C, causing significant economic losses at becoming world level. This article collects information on the subject of climate change, its possible causes, its forecast in the near future, its impact on the agricultural sector as an impact on plants and its potential consequences for plant growth and productivity, plant breeding strategies and examines the adaptation of plants to climate change and the impact of climate change on food security.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates like... more The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates likened diffuse cancer to a crab. Although our understanding of the disease has improved since then, this explanation still seems appropriate. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women after lung cancer. The disease is affected by factors such as the genetic structure of hormonal profiles and different lifestyles. Geographical status, living status, age of marriage, obesity, and nutritional factors are among the environmental factors predisposing to breast cancer. Among dietary supplements, the protective effect of vitamin D on breast cancer has been confirmed. The inverse relationship between sun exposure and breast cancer mortality has been proven. The direct link between decreased serum vitamin D and an increased risk of breast cancer has also been confirmed. In some breast cancer cells, the active form of vitamin D increases the expression of adhesion molecules, which prevents cancer from invasion and metastasis. In addition, this active form has anti-angiogenic activity and can inhibit cancer cell invasion. In this review, we narrate the environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D in this malignancy.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

This paper aims to estimate the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation an... more This paper aims to estimate the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation and individual travel cost methods. Questionnaires were used for collecting the required data. The logit model was used to investigate the effect of explanatory variables on individuals’ willingness to pay in the contingent valuation method. Furthermore, the values of the parameters in the contingent valuation method were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The linear regression model was applied to study the effects of explanatory variables on the number of trips in the individual travel cost method. In addition, the parameters' values in the individual travel cost method were estimated based on the ordinary least squares method. Results of contingent valuation method indicated that the mean value of willingness to pay for recreational value in the study area was 19,983 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value was 1,807,415 IRR/ha. Furthermore, the results of individual travel cost method showed that the consumer surplus was 322,004 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value of 43,200 people who annually visit the area was 104,912,695 IRR/ha. The results of this study can help policymakers to enhance the quality of recreational sites according to the willingness to pay for ecosystem services.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Iran, due to its special geographical location in arid and semi-arid regions, has particular plan... more Iran, due to its special geographical location in arid and semi-arid regions, has particular plants and weeds that in general, may be considered worthless and harmful plants. Camelthorn is known as one of these plants. The use of camelthorn to produce an organic rainfed watermelon had been common for many years in some provinces of the country, including Khuzestan, Fars, Yazd, Isfahan and Khorasan. But it has been gradually forgotten due to the introduction of easy access and low price chemical fertilizers and the implementation of government policies to guide local people to plant special crops. In this method, first, an appropriate diameter camelthorn bush is selected, then by scratching a certain part of the stem, watermelon seeds are placed in it; under these conditions, watermelon seeds provide water and other nutrients from the host plant which has deep roots. The results show that the obtained product by the above method has high quality, and despite the perception of some local people, who expected a salty taste for this product, it is sweet and it has medicinal properties. Thus, in the desert, an agricultural product that contains 92% of water can be produced just by using the valuable experiences of the past. Perhaps it is time to make our contribution to the prosperity of sustainable agriculture by using sustainable and healthy techniques and inputs, in the time that the major agricultural products are contaminated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The knowledge of the predecessors can increase productivity and create a sustainable environment for organic products with high nutritional and economical value and it can be used to improve the living conditions of local people.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The percentage of colonization on native AMF, isolated from rhizosphere of Celtis caucasica L., h... more The percentage of colonization on native AMF, isolated from rhizosphere of Celtis caucasica L., has been more than exotic. • The use of mycorrhizal fungi of Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum increases the activity of CAT, SOD, and POD enzymes. • AMF-symbiosis can improve the important morphological traits of Celtis caucasica and this can be contributed to the better initial establishment of seedlings. • AMF decreases the content of H2O2 and MDA. As well as, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mycorrhizal plant was more than a non-mycorrhizal plant. Zagros forest in the west of Iran has been destroying recently due to climate changes, dust, pests, local people using, grazing livestock and used more than ecosystem capacity. Accordingly, these regions need to be recovering by reforestation resistance seedlings. For this purpose, the influence of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) included; Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae as exotic fungi and two native, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, as well as non-mycorrhizal (control), investigate to produced resistance seedling of Celtis caucasica L. under three water regimes (optimal irrigation, 75% of field capacity and water deficit, 50% and 25% of field capacity) as factorial in a completely randomized design with ten replications. Mycorrhizal seedlings especial natives one reveals that AMF significantly raised morphological and physiological traits such as the fresh and dry weight of above and underground biomass, the length of the root, seedling height, colonization percentage, H2O2 and MDA content, CAT, SOD, POD activity, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. The concentration of H2O2 and MDA in inoculated plants was less than non-mycorrhizal plants under all irrigation regimes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously increased with increasing drought stress, application of AMF caused a further increase in their activity. The content of chlorophyll a, b, total chl, and carotenoid decreased with increasing water deficit. In AMF treatments, the content of these pigments was more in respect to control (non-mycorrhizal plants). Generally, we suggest that the effect of native mycorrhizal fungi was more and better than the exotic fungi and control. Thus, identifying the symbiosis between native mycorrhizal fungi and trees could be considered as an eminent step towards the restoration of degraded areas of plantations and forests.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

is a comprehensive term for land use and there is usually an economic and ecological relationship... more is a comprehensive term for land use and there is usually an economic and ecological relationship between system components (tree, crop and livestock). • In many areas of Gilan-e Gharb city, various types of plantation have been carried out, which have not been examined quantitatively and qualitatively. • The purpose of this study is to study the most important plantations in Gilan-e Gharb. Plantation characteristics include production of two or more crops while conserving natural resources, use of trees and shrubs, a period of more than one year, suitability for a sensitive environment, and low input. Plantations can also have high social and cultural value compared to other forest management systems and are more complex in structure and application than monoculture farming. The objective of this study is to investigate the existing plantation system in Gilan-e Gharb city. In order to study the plantations in the study area, the almond cultivation unit of Sha'eran village in Cheleh district was identified. The type of plantation, its area, the type of species used, etc. were studied. The almond cultivation projects of Poshteh Samavat, Abdulaziz and Sha'eran villages are located on the national and agricultural lands on the north side of Gar Kouchak hill, which has an area of about 20 hectares. The project was started in 1997 by the residents themselves and with the cooperation of the Natural Resources Department of Gilan-e Gharb City with the planting of almond seeds. The trees in the project area are now about 20 years old. The project is now economically viable and has the opportunity to plant medicinal plants within the project area (among the trees). Planting can serve as a solution for sustainable development in this region so that farmers can maximize production based on the principle of continuous production and the approach of increasing income to conserve forests.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Conocarpus erectus L, which occupies more than 60% of the green space of Ahvaz, has been faced wi... more Conocarpus erectus L, which occupies more than 60% of the green space of Ahvaz, has been faced with baseless and populist accusations such as non-use for nesting birds, and non-use for its gum and various parts by insects and other animals. Also, it has become a dangerous threat by identifying this plant as the cause of respiratory diseases and autumn allergies in the city of Ahvaz and the southern parts of Khuzestan province. On the other hand, some people believe this plant, with its fast-growing characteristics, is a profitable and investment-friendly species for seedlings, and these are perhaps the simplest general views of the Conocarpus tree in Iran. The results of scientific research indicate that the presence of this plant in the green spaces of Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city can have many beneficial effects for the region and can also be a platform for the development of green space diversification. Perhaps one of the biggest problems of this plant is its allergenic nature. According to the researches, not only this plant is not allergenic, but also due to frequent pruning, it grows only in the vegetative phase and does not enter the reproductive phase. However, the incorrect location of this plant in some urban areas due to the lack of proper infrastructure makes problems for the faulty municipal sewage network and also poses a risk to the electricity supply network that must be considered. In this article, by considering scientific sources and materials, the role, position and challenges facing the development of planting this plant, regardless of public and populist views, have been discussed in order to improve the environmental conditions affected by pollutants and dust.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Microbial quality, including total volatile counts (TVC), Entrobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, and ... more Microbial quality, including total volatile counts (TVC), Entrobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of salmon (Salmo trutta) irradiated at 0 (unirradiated), 2, 3, and 4 kg during 21 days of storage in a refrigerator (4 ± 1°C), was examined periodically (every 4 days). Unirradiated samples had higher bacterial counts than the others, and as the irradiation dose increased, the bacterial count decreased (P >0.05), as no LAB and Entrobacteriaceae were detected in the samples with 4 kg irradiation. The results showed that gamma irradiation inhibited bacterial growth in rainbow trout during storage at refrigeration temperatures. According to the results, the main effect of irradiation on microorganisms is due to the charged particles generated by irradiation, which are capable of breaking deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the presence of water, cell damage during irradiation is due to both direct damage to cell DNA and indirect damage due to the reactivity of the radioactive products with cell components.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Concrete is the second most widely used material in the construction industry after water due to ... more Concrete is the second most widely used material in the construction industry after water due to its special properties. But the Portland cement production process also has major drawbacks, with one ton of Portland cement producing almost one ton of carbon dioxide. Hence the need to use an alternative to Portland cement seems necessary. On the other hand, the principle of "waste-free" and the production of new materials with environmental impact less than the priorities will be the goals of sustainable development in future cities. To further develop environmentally friendly materials, it is necessary to know about the environmental stimuli of new materials as well as to evaluate the environmental effects of conventional materials in construction. In recent years, geopolymer has emerged as a sustainable, environmentally friendly material and an alternative to Portland cement. Geopolymers are ceramic-like materials with three-dimensional poly-compact structures formed by the chemical activation of solids containing aluminum and silica at relatively low temperatures. For the production of geopolymer concrete and use in construction, waste or by-products from industries can be used, such as coal combustion ash, smelting furnace slag, construction waste, or agricultural waste such as rice paddy. The present paper summarizes the studies on the use of geopolymer technology in sustainable materials for sustainable urban development in order to reduce the emission of environmental pollutants and evaluate the life cycle. Findings and results of studies show that geopolymer concretes have higher mechanical, chemical, and energy consumption properties than conventional concrete and offer significant environmental benefits.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Forest and rangeland fires are uncontrollable fires that occur naturally in areas with flammable ... more Forest and rangeland fires are uncontrollable fires that occur naturally in areas with flammable plants. The study area is Gilan-e Gharb, which is located in Kermanshah province. For this study, all fires that occurred during a fire season in 2019 in Gilan-e Gharb city were recorded in national sources. The data collected in this study include the name of the place, type of national resources (forest, pasture, etc.), fire date, time of fire start and end, fire area, fire duration, location of the area as UTM, and... The results show that 94 and 6% of natural resource fires are caused by human factors and natural causes, respectively. Among the human causes of fires, the most common cause of fire is water spillage (71.9%). Among human causes of fires, the most common cause of fires in national resources (71.9%) is recreation. Most fires occurred in the affected areas in Piakoleh and Miandar (Nawdar), Millianei, national resources near Kolah-e-Daraz Olya village and Ghasem-Abad stack. About 633 hectares of national resources in the region were affected by the fire, most of them in Shiakuh, Sarkesh and Paikoleh with about 150, 95, and 78 hectares respectively. Most of the fires affected rangelands, which is about 48.4% of the fires. Fires occur in the study area for six months and on average every three days. In addition, it takes an average of 46 minutes for each fire to be under control. Among the different fire durations, the 30-minute fire duration is the most common (29.7%). The highest percentage of fires in the fifth month (October) is 29.7%. To effectively protect natural resources, the information obtained should be used to efficiently manage, prevent, and extinguish fires in the study area and in the Zagros ecosystem in general.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Spatial factors are among the fundamental components in the location and development of rural ind... more Spatial factors are among the fundamental components in the location and development of rural industries in general and agricultural products in particular. Studies show that unsuitable location conditions cause the necessary inefficiency in production. The right location plays an important role in market competitiveness and should be chosen to gain strategic advantages over other competitors. Therefore, the choice of location is considered one of the key factors for starting production, and the results of this decision have long-term effects on the political, economic, environmental, social and technical aspects. Therefore, the various sources and opportunities should be identified first, and then the construction and development of each department should be carried out. Because according to the existing potentials in different regions, more and more important decisions are made in this field day by day. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the effective indicators and sub-indicators in this field to properly use the potential and capabilities of different regions. Our country, especially Kermanshah province, is not an exception in this regard. In order to increase productivity in the field of agricultural production and utilize the capacity of regions, the capabilities and potentials of different regions should be studied and scientific methods should be used to prioritize the classification of different regions for production work and utilization of natural and environmental talents of regions. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Hashilan wetland in agrotourism industry.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2022

Ecotourism and nomadic tourism, and thus nomadic ecotourism as one of the components of tourism, ... more Ecotourism and nomadic tourism, and thus nomadic ecotourism as one of the components of tourism, can play an important role in the growth and development of the country's economy and the realization of the slogan of production leap declared and chosen by the Supreme Leader. We can interpret the production leap to mean better utilization of existing capacity. The nomadic ecotourism in terms of the potentials and good capabilities of nomadic tourism according to the nomadic community and nomadic products, which is indeed a clear example of the resistance economy. It can play a colorful role for the prosperity and jump in the production. Therefore, by taking practical measures within the framework and respecting the necessary standards and balanced development of all tourist areas, the establishment of tourist facilities in model tourist areas, the creation of tourism infrastructure in tourism potential, a good jump in production, sustainable employment, the elimination of dependence to produce and sell oil and confidence in the ability of the young and revolutionary generation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of production leap in nomadic tourism and the extent of social acceptance capacity and the potential and production potential of the nomadic community in nomadic tourism. The results of the study show that the average production potential is more than 2.5 in the middle of the 5-level Likert spectrum. Thus, the production capacity in tourism is above average. If this part of the capabilities and opportunities to support and expand tourism and ecotourism can help increase the income of the nomadic community and develop employment along with livestock. Therefore, nomadic ecotourism with its capacities can be considered as a fundamental solution for sustainable development and a leap in production.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Iran's Kermanshah province is one of the few provinces that have the potential for sustainable de... more Iran's Kermanshah province is one of the few provinces that have the potential for sustainable development of agriculture, natural resources and employment growth associated with this sector in the face of climate change due to its diverse geological, topographical, climatic, soil, vegetation and geographical conditions. In this context, it is necessary to study the ecotourism potential in relation to different sectors such as horticulture, agriculture, livestock, medicinal plants, soil resources, rivers, forests, pastures and settlement culture at the regional level. This depends on integrated management that focuses on the management system, agricultural financing, effective monitoring, ecotourism facilities, and quality control of agricultural production. However, achieving this goal requires assessing the current situation and resolving management constraints, as well as necessary reforms in these areas to achieve sustainability of crop production and natural resources and entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Due to the insufficient employment situation in the province and the lack of capital resources, the limited resources should be allocated to sectors that have higher employment potential. In this regard, the agricultural sector is a high priority due to its importance to the province's economy and its linkage to other sectors of the economy. Therefore, officials must take measures to solve the problems of this sector and thereby increase production and entrepreneurship in Kermanshah province.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Water and soil are the most important and main available capital available in geographical areas.... more Water and soil are the most important and main available capital available in geographical areas. Case study of large and fertile plains has always been considered as a turning point in terms of productivity and increasing efficiency in this sector. In addition, the social dimension has the most flexibility in the study of factors. This issue can pave the way for the formation of different approaches. In general, irrigation management is possible through three sectors: public (government), private sector and private organizations (water users). Irrigation plan of Sistan plain in 46000 hectares of lands of this region within the lands of Zabol, Hamun, Zehak, Hirmand and Nimruz cities in 17 civil development units and the form of water supply to the lands in the form of detailed studies in the fields of soil science, hydrology and is hydraulically operated. In this research, the conditions of implementation of this project in terms of the type of implementation and operation have been studied in detail. The results showed that in arid and semi-arid regions, special social conditions, the state of resources lead to the fact that the operation of irrigation projects requires special conditions and without considering the direct role of farmers in the form of cooperatives and Water groups should be able to achieve the best efficiency conditions.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

• Study of coronavirus as a threat to public health and its gradual crisis on the global economy.... more • Study of coronavirus as a threat to public health and its gradual crisis on the global economy. • Investigating the effects of coronavirus on agriculture and global food security, which endanger life and livelihood? • Investigating the effects of coronavirus on the link between agri-food systems and the environment. Coronavirus began in early 2020 while posing a serious threat to agricultural production. A natural sucker for assessing risk between family farms provides answers. Unlike other types of risk, this disease does not directly affect family farms. It affects economic conditions, rising and falling prices for commodities and raw materials, relations between countries and their governments, and comments from experts and economists around the world. In countries already experiencing severe food insecurity, the issue is not only access to food, but also food production. The spread of coronavirus in Iran will also have a major impact on the domestic economy, agriculture, environment, and food. The damage caused by the Covid-19 epidemic to the agriculture and food industries is largely due to decreased demand, restrictions on importing and exporting agricultural and food products, and a reduction in the seasonal workforce due to the ban on driving and the closure of companies that produces agricultural products, packaging, and produce. Finally, if the spread of the coronavirus is not controlled, the damage will increase significantly. This will make the continuation of many businesses involved in agricultural and food production a serious challenge. The economic, health and social impacts of COVID-19 have direct and indirect links to the natural environment and to the way agri-food systems are organized. On the other hand, the growing environmental constraints in Iran reduce the potential of the agricultural sector to play a key role in the economy and ensure food security. Covid-19 therefore forces national programs and budgets to cope with growing ecological constraints. Therefore, the present case study refutes the hypothesis that Covid-19 has no effect on food security in Iran.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Natural recourses play a significant role in human's well being but economists' attention is most... more Natural recourses play a significant role in human's well being but economists' attention is mostly taken only on the marketable value but nowadays the tends, is changing as economic Valuation intends to create outstanding changes in public awareness by the valuation of biological resources like aquatic and land habitats of plant and animal and also to create a stronger motive for protection because as everybody knows free goods do not worth so different methods have been innovated and researchers have been studied in this way. These researches had made considerable progress in the valuation of environmental and ecological services, which was afforded by ecosystems. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is one of economic valuation tools, is based on public viewpoints, measures of individual’s willingness to pay (WTP)2 and individual’s willingness to accept (WTA)3 and maximum likelihood (ML)4 application. The result of a study on a measure of WTP shows that about 93% of the people are ready to pay monthly for protection and survival of Siberian Crane and only 7 % of them were not ready to pay only because of their low financial level. Results on the measure of WTA indicate that all 100% of people were not ready to accept money instead of annihilation of the Crane. The average willingness to pay for Siberian Crane protection is accounted 231723$ at the national zone and 57914270$ at the regional zone. Since the fisher test does not respond at the national zone and the difference was significant, extending the number of the samples to the national zone is impossible. It is merely possible to mention that about 1500 families in the country are ready to pay 40,000RLs monthly or 72,000,000 RLs annually only for the survival of Siberian Crain.

10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.06.01, 2021

Natural disasters such as storm are not tangible that allocate about 30% share of 90% of natural ... more Natural disasters such as storm are not tangible that allocate about 30% share of 90% of natural disasters. This study aimed to forecast occur probability of intense storms using Gambel distribution in Nahavand township based on 10 years, period from 1996 to 2005. Nahavand due to climatic characteristics and topography is an area stormy in Hamedan province and base on Nahavand station include the most occur storms in 2003 and 2004. In this study, Rainfall zoning of Hamedan province was done by geo statistic based on average rainfall 33 stations in Hamedan province and 10 stations from neighboring provinces. For indicating average speed and aspect of wind was used Wind rose. Using Wind rose software designed wind rose of autumn and winter moreover. Gambel distribution was used for study statistically and predicting the incident probability of stormy and strong winds in Nahavand. To select days along with stormy and strong wind, winds with equal speed and more than 17 m/s and accepted by the Weather Meteorology Organization (WMO) are accounted as days by a stormy and strong wind. Also, applied types of distribution using Smada software which best fit was for the Gumbel distribution. Based on the Beaufort index in a return period of 5 years, with a speed of 26 m/s and more there is likely to storm in the station of Nahavand. On the other hand, the maximum of thunderstorms of Hamedan province occurred in Nahavand station and most number of them is in the spring season. If the storm continued causing great damage to agriculture, services, electricity and telephone lines, trees, and gardens, etc. Thus, for the environmental planning and safety of structures must consider the occurrence of this natural danger to decrease these disturbing effects.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The disposal of industrial wastewater as untreated may create a great threat to the environment. ... more The disposal of industrial wastewater as untreated may create a great threat to the environment. • The effluent of the sugar mill that is highly alkaline can adversely affect on the environment. • The treatability performance of aluminum chloride has been applied and investigated. • The optimum dosage of aluminum chloride (i.e., 70 mg/L), can significantly reduce the concentration of COD and TSS by 68 and 78%, respectively, at cost of 0.85 USD/L. The disposal of untreated industrial wastewater is posing a great threat to the environment, especially in developing countries. The effluent of the sugar mill is highly alkaline and polluted, thus adversely affecting the environment. Various attempts were done by previous researches, but were ultimately found to be uneconomical when applied on a larger scale. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the treatability performance of aluminum chloride, as it is abundantly in the local market at a cheaper rate. The results of this study conclude that the optimum dosage of aluminum chloride, i.e., 70 mg/L, can effectively reduce the concentration of COD and TSS by 68 and 78%, respectively, at cost of 0.85USD/L.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Heavy metal pollution and its effect on biota are one of the human concerns nowadays. The amount ... more Heavy metal pollution and its effect on biota are one of the human concerns nowadays. The amount of heavy metal in a medium, reaches more than a specific limit, it becomes toxic for those animals that live in the environment. The aim of this study was to assessments environmental risk based on ISO 31000 in water and the toxicity of heavy metal in fish (Gambusia holbrooki) through conduction of a static bioassay. Environmental risk management provides a basis for decisions about the most appropriate approach to be used to treat the risks. According to our results, Concentrations for Ag were 0.0016, 0.0035, 0.00625, 0.0125 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations for Cu were 0.16, 0.35, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that heavy metal toxicity (Ag & Cu) had a significant effect on fish. No Observable Effect (NOEL) for Ag and Cu were 0.0016 and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively, and No Observable Adverse Effect (NOAEL) of them were 0.025 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, Ag toxicity was significantly very higher than Cu toxicity for fish. Environmental risk assessments based on ISO 31000 is a useful tool for all areas of risk and permits the identification of how and where it may be possible to improve controls.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

This study was conducted in five general phases as below: 2.2.1. Phase 1: Identification of indic... more This study was conducted in five general phases as below: 2.2.1. Phase 1: Identification of indicators for the selection of waste disposal methods By examining existing literature, library studies, reviewing existing waste management standards, waste management practices in organizations, existing documentation and in-depth interviews with relevant experts and experts, 41 indices and 6 general methods were extracted.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Climate change affects agricultural production and agricultural-related factors such as food secu... more Climate change affects agricultural production and agricultural-related factors such as food security and economic well-being. Climate and its changes in recent decades have become one of the most important global issues and one of the major environmental problems. Agriculture is one of the first sectors to be affected by these changes; because farmers are unable to control the climate. However, management and change in factors such as crop cultivation and optimization of cultivation patterns under the climate of the region, can reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the growth and yield of agricultural products and play an important role in sustainable food production. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that the average global temperature rise for 2050 will be around 3 °C and at the end of this century around 4.5 °C, causing significant economic losses at becoming world level. This article collects information on the subject of climate change, its possible causes, its forecast in the near future, its impact on the agricultural sector as an impact on plants and its potential consequences for plant growth and productivity, plant breeding strategies and examines the adaptation of plants to climate change and the impact of climate change on food security.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates like... more The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates likened diffuse cancer to a crab. Although our understanding of the disease has improved since then, this explanation still seems appropriate. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women after lung cancer. The disease is affected by factors such as the genetic structure of hormonal profiles and different lifestyles. Geographical status, living status, age of marriage, obesity, and nutritional factors are among the environmental factors predisposing to breast cancer. Among dietary supplements, the protective effect of vitamin D on breast cancer has been confirmed. The inverse relationship between sun exposure and breast cancer mortality has been proven. The direct link between decreased serum vitamin D and an increased risk of breast cancer has also been confirmed. In some breast cancer cells, the active form of vitamin D increases the expression of adhesion molecules, which prevents cancer from invasion and metastasis. In addition, this active form has anti-angiogenic activity and can inhibit cancer cell invasion. In this review, we narrate the environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D in this malignancy.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

This paper aims to estimate the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation an... more This paper aims to estimate the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation and individual travel cost methods. Questionnaires were used for collecting the required data. The logit model was used to investigate the effect of explanatory variables on individuals’ willingness to pay in the contingent valuation method. Furthermore, the values of the parameters in the contingent valuation method were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The linear regression model was applied to study the effects of explanatory variables on the number of trips in the individual travel cost method. In addition, the parameters' values in the individual travel cost method were estimated based on the ordinary least squares method. Results of contingent valuation method indicated that the mean value of willingness to pay for recreational value in the study area was 19,983 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value was 1,807,415 IRR/ha. Furthermore, the results of individual travel cost method showed that the consumer surplus was 322,004 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value of 43,200 people who annually visit the area was 104,912,695 IRR/ha. The results of this study can help policymakers to enhance the quality of recreational sites according to the willingness to pay for ecosystem services.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

Iran, due to its special geographical location in arid and semi-arid regions, has particular plan... more Iran, due to its special geographical location in arid and semi-arid regions, has particular plants and weeds that in general, may be considered worthless and harmful plants. Camelthorn is known as one of these plants. The use of camelthorn to produce an organic rainfed watermelon had been common for many years in some provinces of the country, including Khuzestan, Fars, Yazd, Isfahan and Khorasan. But it has been gradually forgotten due to the introduction of easy access and low price chemical fertilizers and the implementation of government policies to guide local people to plant special crops. In this method, first, an appropriate diameter camelthorn bush is selected, then by scratching a certain part of the stem, watermelon seeds are placed in it; under these conditions, watermelon seeds provide water and other nutrients from the host plant which has deep roots. The results show that the obtained product by the above method has high quality, and despite the perception of some local people, who expected a salty taste for this product, it is sweet and it has medicinal properties. Thus, in the desert, an agricultural product that contains 92% of water can be produced just by using the valuable experiences of the past. Perhaps it is time to make our contribution to the prosperity of sustainable agriculture by using sustainable and healthy techniques and inputs, in the time that the major agricultural products are contaminated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The knowledge of the predecessors can increase productivity and create a sustainable environment for organic products with high nutritional and economical value and it can be used to improve the living conditions of local people.

Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press), 2021

The percentage of colonization on native AMF, isolated from rhizosphere of Celtis caucasica L., h... more The percentage of colonization on native AMF, isolated from rhizosphere of Celtis caucasica L., has been more than exotic. • The use of mycorrhizal fungi of Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum increases the activity of CAT, SOD, and POD enzymes. • AMF-symbiosis can improve the important morphological traits of Celtis caucasica and this can be contributed to the better initial establishment of seedlings. • AMF decreases the content of H2O2 and MDA. As well as, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mycorrhizal plant was more than a non-mycorrhizal plant. Zagros forest in the west of Iran has been destroying recently due to climate changes, dust, pests, local people using, grazing livestock and used more than ecosystem capacity. Accordingly, these regions need to be recovering by reforestation resistance seedlings. For this purpose, the influence of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) included; Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae as exotic fungi and two native, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, as well as non-mycorrhizal (control), investigate to produced resistance seedling of Celtis caucasica L. under three water regimes (optimal irrigation, 75% of field capacity and water deficit, 50% and 25% of field capacity) as factorial in a completely randomized design with ten replications. Mycorrhizal seedlings especial natives one reveals that AMF significantly raised morphological and physiological traits such as the fresh and dry weight of above and underground biomass, the length of the root, seedling height, colonization percentage, H2O2 and MDA content, CAT, SOD, POD activity, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. The concentration of H2O2 and MDA in inoculated plants was less than non-mycorrhizal plants under all irrigation regimes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously increased with increasing drought stress, application of AMF caused a further increase in their activity. The content of chlorophyll a, b, total chl, and carotenoid decreased with increasing water deficit. In AMF treatments, the content of these pigments was more in respect to control (non-mycorrhizal plants). Generally, we suggest that the effect of native mycorrhizal fungi was more and better than the exotic fungi and control. Thus, identifying the symbiosis between native mycorrhizal fungi and trees could be considered as an eminent step towards the restoration of degraded areas of plantations and forests.