carla fanizza - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by carla fanizza
The Journal of Vascular Access, 2000
After thousands of Groshong catheter applications over more than twenty years, the cause of blood... more After thousands of Groshong catheter applications over more than twenty years, the cause of blood withdrawal drawbacks is not yet completely understood. This phenomenon - which is not typical of closed-tip catheters since it is also common in open-tip catheters - in the Groshong catheter is attributed to the valve (ball-valve effect). The aim of this work is to understand the relationship between causes and effects in order to provide clinicians with practical solutions. Out of the 16 catheters examined, we observed no clear correlation among electron microscope ultrastructural analysis, valve closing pressure, intraluminal clots and clinical failures after different implantation times up to a maximum of 36 months. The ultrastructural analysis revealed an optimal no-time-related aspect for internal and external surfaces, while the closing pressure in each case was compatible with the efficiency of the working valve (range 22-36 cmH 2 O). We conclude that the blood withdrawal drawbacks cannot be attributed to a single cause and certainly not to the silicone biostability or directly to the valve. Different studies are suggesting that clinical failures can be the re-sult of several different causes such as slime or clots in the internal catheter surfaces and fibrin sleeve in the external catheter surfaces. These are common causes in open-tip catheters and we believe that the presence of valves on the tip of the Groshong may encourage inferences. Our suggestion is to place the tip of the Groshong catheter in atrium one centimetre after the junction with the vena cava. After the implant, it is possible to remove the causes of drawbacks by strong flushing using a 5-ml syringe and/or postural manoeuvres.
Science of The Total Environment, 2018
Among the different facets of construction industry, residential and commercial buildings are of ... more Among the different facets of construction industry, residential and commercial buildings are of particular interest because the lack of exposure data for workers employed in this sector. In Italy, no data virtually exists for construction industry in general, and even less for building activities. Depending on the nature of the building material being used this dust can contain a considerable amount of crystalline silica (CS). During building activities these materials may be a potential source of occupational exposure to respirable CS. In several countries (USA, Holland, UK) there has been growing recognition of the risk of silica exposure in the construction sectors. On the contrary, in Italy, this problem has been rarely recognized. The objectives of this study are to present the data on the presence of silica in some of the building materials commonly used in Italy and on the exposure levels associated with typical tasks performed during renovation of residential buildings. In ...
La Medicina del lavoro
The toxicity of welding fumes depends on both chemical composition and ability to penetrate and d... more The toxicity of welding fumes depends on both chemical composition and ability to penetrate and deposit deeply in the lungs. Their penetration and deposition in the regions of the respiratory system is mainly determined by their size. The knowledge of the size distribution of welding fumes is a crucial information towards the estimate of the doses of toxic compounds delivered into the respiratory tract. Particle number size distribution was continuously measured during different welding operations by means of a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer, which counts and classifies particles, according to their electrical mobility, in 32 size-channels, in the range from 5.6 to 523 nm, with is time resolution. The temporal evolution of submicrometric particles (6-523 nm), nucleation mode particles (6-16 nm) and the fraction 19-523 nm before, during and after the welding operations performed with/without local exhaust ventilation are reported and extensively discussed. Before welding, nucleation mo...
Air Pollution XV, 2007
Mercury is an element naturally present in the biosphere of both natural and anthropogenic origin... more Mercury is an element naturally present in the biosphere of both natural and anthropogenic origins. From the chemical point of view mercury is present in the atmosphere in gaseous form as elementary mercury and Reactive Gaseous Mercury and adsorbed onto particulate matter over that in other forms in ultratrace. From the toxicological point of view mercury is extremely toxic, reaches all the organs and it is also quickly absorbed by the lungs. In this study seasonal study campaigns were performed during 2005-2006 in two urban areas of different Italian cities, Taranto and Venice, to investigate the levels and behavior of gaseous-phase mercury. For the sampling and analysis a portable instrument was used based on the atomic absorption methodology with the background correction through the Zeeman effect. No relevant situations for human health were found (the levels range between 1 and 15 ng/m 3).
Toxicology in Vitro, 2007
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2012
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2011
The preliminary results of aromatic hydrocarbon (AR) levels and PM2.5 physico-chemical characteri... more The preliminary results of aromatic hydrocarbon (AR) levels and PM2.5 physico-chemical characterization in Rome urban air throughout the 2014 are reported. A gas chromatograph was used for continuous measurements of AR concentrations with 30 minute time intervals. PM2.5 was collected by PM swam Dual Channel. Metal content was determined by ICP-MS. Single particle characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with a thin window system for X-ray microanalysis by energy dispersion spectrometry. X-ray microanalysis data were used to classify the particles into clusters of similar chemical composition. Results showed variations in seasonal AR levels, higher concentrations in winter and lower in summer. Toluene was the most abundant compound, followed by m,p–xylene and benzene. The compounds showed similar correlations in winter and summer. According to T/B ratio and meteorological analysis, AR levels were under the influence of vehicular sources. Seasonal variat...
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05146-z
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2020
In recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthe... more In recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthesis of engineered nanoparticles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm has led to countless useful and extensive applications. In this context, gold nanoparticles stimulated a growing interest, due to their peculiar characteristics such as ease of synthesis, chemical stability and optical properties. This stirred the development of numerous applications especially in the biomedical field. Exposure of manufacturers and consumers to industrial products containing nanoparticles poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Despite this, the precise mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. It is well known that the three main routes of exposure to nanomaterials are by inhalation, ingestion and through the skin, with inhalation being the most common route of exposure to NPs in the workplace. To provide a complete picture of the impact of inha...
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2015
Journal of microscopy, Jan 9, 2015
With the expansion of the production and applications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in... more With the expansion of the production and applications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in several industrial and science branches, the potential adverse effects on human health have attracted attention. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate how chemical functionalization may affect MWCNT effects; however, controversial data have been reported, showing either increased or reduced toxicity. In particular, the impact of carboxylation on MWCNT cytotoxicity is far from being completely understood. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the modifications induced by carboxylated-MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH) on cell surface and the study of cell-MWCNT-COOH interactions by means of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) were incubated with MWCNTs-COOH for different exposure times and concentrations (10 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4 h; 5, 10, 20 μg/mL for 24 h). At short incubation time, MWCNTs-COOH were easily observed associated with ...
The Journal of Vascular Access, 2000
After thousands of Groshong catheter applications over more than twenty years, the cause of blood... more After thousands of Groshong catheter applications over more than twenty years, the cause of blood withdrawal drawbacks is not yet completely understood. This phenomenon - which is not typical of closed-tip catheters since it is also common in open-tip catheters - in the Groshong catheter is attributed to the valve (ball-valve effect). The aim of this work is to understand the relationship between causes and effects in order to provide clinicians with practical solutions. Out of the 16 catheters examined, we observed no clear correlation among electron microscope ultrastructural analysis, valve closing pressure, intraluminal clots and clinical failures after different implantation times up to a maximum of 36 months. The ultrastructural analysis revealed an optimal no-time-related aspect for internal and external surfaces, while the closing pressure in each case was compatible with the efficiency of the working valve (range 22-36 cmH 2 O). We conclude that the blood withdrawal drawbacks cannot be attributed to a single cause and certainly not to the silicone biostability or directly to the valve. Different studies are suggesting that clinical failures can be the re-sult of several different causes such as slime or clots in the internal catheter surfaces and fibrin sleeve in the external catheter surfaces. These are common causes in open-tip catheters and we believe that the presence of valves on the tip of the Groshong may encourage inferences. Our suggestion is to place the tip of the Groshong catheter in atrium one centimetre after the junction with the vena cava. After the implant, it is possible to remove the causes of drawbacks by strong flushing using a 5-ml syringe and/or postural manoeuvres.
Science of The Total Environment, 2018
Among the different facets of construction industry, residential and commercial buildings are of ... more Among the different facets of construction industry, residential and commercial buildings are of particular interest because the lack of exposure data for workers employed in this sector. In Italy, no data virtually exists for construction industry in general, and even less for building activities. Depending on the nature of the building material being used this dust can contain a considerable amount of crystalline silica (CS). During building activities these materials may be a potential source of occupational exposure to respirable CS. In several countries (USA, Holland, UK) there has been growing recognition of the risk of silica exposure in the construction sectors. On the contrary, in Italy, this problem has been rarely recognized. The objectives of this study are to present the data on the presence of silica in some of the building materials commonly used in Italy and on the exposure levels associated with typical tasks performed during renovation of residential buildings. In ...
La Medicina del lavoro
The toxicity of welding fumes depends on both chemical composition and ability to penetrate and d... more The toxicity of welding fumes depends on both chemical composition and ability to penetrate and deposit deeply in the lungs. Their penetration and deposition in the regions of the respiratory system is mainly determined by their size. The knowledge of the size distribution of welding fumes is a crucial information towards the estimate of the doses of toxic compounds delivered into the respiratory tract. Particle number size distribution was continuously measured during different welding operations by means of a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer, which counts and classifies particles, according to their electrical mobility, in 32 size-channels, in the range from 5.6 to 523 nm, with is time resolution. The temporal evolution of submicrometric particles (6-523 nm), nucleation mode particles (6-16 nm) and the fraction 19-523 nm before, during and after the welding operations performed with/without local exhaust ventilation are reported and extensively discussed. Before welding, nucleation mo...
Air Pollution XV, 2007
Mercury is an element naturally present in the biosphere of both natural and anthropogenic origin... more Mercury is an element naturally present in the biosphere of both natural and anthropogenic origins. From the chemical point of view mercury is present in the atmosphere in gaseous form as elementary mercury and Reactive Gaseous Mercury and adsorbed onto particulate matter over that in other forms in ultratrace. From the toxicological point of view mercury is extremely toxic, reaches all the organs and it is also quickly absorbed by the lungs. In this study seasonal study campaigns were performed during 2005-2006 in two urban areas of different Italian cities, Taranto and Venice, to investigate the levels and behavior of gaseous-phase mercury. For the sampling and analysis a portable instrument was used based on the atomic absorption methodology with the background correction through the Zeeman effect. No relevant situations for human health were found (the levels range between 1 and 15 ng/m 3).
Toxicology in Vitro, 2007
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2012
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2011
The preliminary results of aromatic hydrocarbon (AR) levels and PM2.5 physico-chemical characteri... more The preliminary results of aromatic hydrocarbon (AR) levels and PM2.5 physico-chemical characterization in Rome urban air throughout the 2014 are reported. A gas chromatograph was used for continuous measurements of AR concentrations with 30 minute time intervals. PM2.5 was collected by PM swam Dual Channel. Metal content was determined by ICP-MS. Single particle characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with a thin window system for X-ray microanalysis by energy dispersion spectrometry. X-ray microanalysis data were used to classify the particles into clusters of similar chemical composition. Results showed variations in seasonal AR levels, higher concentrations in winter and lower in summer. Toluene was the most abundant compound, followed by m,p–xylene and benzene. The compounds showed similar correlations in winter and summer. According to T/B ratio and meteorological analysis, AR levels were under the influence of vehicular sources. Seasonal variat...
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05146-z
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2020
In recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthe... more In recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthesis of engineered nanoparticles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm has led to countless useful and extensive applications. In this context, gold nanoparticles stimulated a growing interest, due to their peculiar characteristics such as ease of synthesis, chemical stability and optical properties. This stirred the development of numerous applications especially in the biomedical field. Exposure of manufacturers and consumers to industrial products containing nanoparticles poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Despite this, the precise mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. It is well known that the three main routes of exposure to nanomaterials are by inhalation, ingestion and through the skin, with inhalation being the most common route of exposure to NPs in the workplace. To provide a complete picture of the impact of inha...
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2015
Journal of microscopy, Jan 9, 2015
With the expansion of the production and applications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in... more With the expansion of the production and applications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in several industrial and science branches, the potential adverse effects on human health have attracted attention. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate how chemical functionalization may affect MWCNT effects; however, controversial data have been reported, showing either increased or reduced toxicity. In particular, the impact of carboxylation on MWCNT cytotoxicity is far from being completely understood. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the modifications induced by carboxylated-MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH) on cell surface and the study of cell-MWCNT-COOH interactions by means of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) were incubated with MWCNTs-COOH for different exposure times and concentrations (10 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4 h; 5, 10, 20 μg/mL for 24 h). At short incubation time, MWCNTs-COOH were easily observed associated with ...