charusmita agrawal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by charusmita agrawal

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of fetal growth using the ratio of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2016

To evaluate use of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio i... more To evaluate use of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio in predicting intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

Background: Immunological cause play an important role in abnormal pregnancy outcome, in which an... more Background: Immunological cause play an important role in abnormal pregnancy outcome, in which antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the growing cause of concern. The objective of the study was to investigate serologic prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid antibody (APL) and to test the hypothesis that a serologic variable can identify women at highest risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods: A cross sectional, observational study including total 250 pregnant women, divided in five groups including patients with recurrent abortion ,patients with IUGR, patients with pre eclampsia, patients with preterm labour having 50 patients each and control group of 50 pregnant females without any complications. Comparison of each group for the presence of anti phospholipid antibodies (both IgG and IgM) with control group was performed. Data collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients of obstetric and fetal complications were abnormally high. IgG antibody was found in pre-eclampsia (62%), prematurity (54%), recurrent fetal loss (44%) and intrauterine growth retardation (54%), IgM antibody was also found in pre-eclampsia (54%), prematurity (32%), recurrent fetal loss (30%) and intrauterine growth retardation (40%). Presence of IgG antiphospholipid antibody in comparison with controls is statistically significant in patient of preeclampsia and recurrent fetal loss. Conclusions: Early autoimmune screening for antiphospholipid antibodies (IgM, IgG) of pregnant ladies was found to be effective tool in predilection of obstetric and fetal complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation between ultrasonography measured transcerebellar diameter of foetus with early and late gestational age

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Background: Traditionally, the gestational age of the foetus is determined from the date of the l... more Background: Traditionally, the gestational age of the foetus is determined from the date of the last menstrual period. Prediction of gestational age (GA) based on sonographic foetal parameters is perhaps the cornerstone in modern obstetrics and continues to remain an important component in the management of pregnancies with foetuses who have growth disturbances. The objective of the study was to study the correlation between foetal transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and pregnancy age, addressing early and late gestation periods. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the 100 pregnant women. Ultrasound examination for TCD and gestation age was done between 20-28 weeks of gestation and between 30-36 weeks of gestation. For the measurement of TCD transverse view of the foetal intracranium was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using suitable tests. Results: Mean age of the women was 24.82+3.31 and 85% women were in age group 21-30. The mean TCD in early gestational age i.e. 20-28 weeks was 24.7 ± 3.86 and in late gestational age i.e. 30-36 weeks was 39.31 ± 2.51. Median TCD increases from 20.35 mm at 20 weeks to 41.7 mm at 36 weeks of gestation. The correlation coefficient between gestational age and TCD was 0.971, which indicated high degree of relation with p value <0.0001. Conclusions: This study shows linear relationship between TCD and gestational age at 20-28 weeks & 30-36 weeks. So, TCD is a reliable method of gestational age determination in early as well as in late pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practice among school teachers in Abha female educational district, southwestern Saudi Arabia

International Breastfeeding Journal, 2012

Background: Inadequate knowledge, or inappropriate practice, of breastfeeding may lead to undesir... more Background: Inadequate knowledge, or inappropriate practice, of breastfeeding may lead to undesirable consequences. The aim of this study was to assess breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among female teachers in the Abha Female Educational District and identify factors that may affect breastfeeding practice in the study population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among school teachers in Abha Female Educational District during the months of April to June, 2011. Breastfeeding KAP of participants who had at least one child aged five years or younger at the time of the study were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, based on their experience with the last child. Results: A total of 384 women made up of 246 (61.1%) primary-, 89 (23.2%) intermediate-and 49 (12.8%) high-school teachers participated in the study. One hundred and nineteen participants (31%) started breastfeeding their children within one hour of delivery, while exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was reported only by 32 (8.3%) participants. Insufficient breast milk and work related problems were the main reasons given by 169 (44%) and 148 (38.5%) of participants, respectively, for stopping breastfeeding before two years. Only 33 participants (8.6%) had attended classes related to breastfeeding. However, 261 participants (68%) indicated the willingness to attend such classes, if available, in future pregnancies. Conclusions: This study revealed that breast milk insufficiency and adverse work related issues were the main reasons for a very low rate of exclusive breastfeeding among female school teachers in Abha female educational district, Saudi Arabia. A very low rate of attending classes addressing the breastfeeding issues during pregnancy, and an alarming finding of a high percentage of babies receiving readymade liquid formula while still in hospital, were also brought out by the present study. Such findings, if addressed comprehensively by health care providers and decision-makers, will lead to the improvement of breastfeeding practices in the study community.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of fetal growth using the ratio of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2016

To evaluate use of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio i... more To evaluate use of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio in predicting intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

Background: Immunological cause play an important role in abnormal pregnancy outcome, in which an... more Background: Immunological cause play an important role in abnormal pregnancy outcome, in which antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the growing cause of concern. The objective of the study was to investigate serologic prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid antibody (APL) and to test the hypothesis that a serologic variable can identify women at highest risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods: A cross sectional, observational study including total 250 pregnant women, divided in five groups including patients with recurrent abortion ,patients with IUGR, patients with pre eclampsia, patients with preterm labour having 50 patients each and control group of 50 pregnant females without any complications. Comparison of each group for the presence of anti phospholipid antibodies (both IgG and IgM) with control group was performed. Data collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients of obstetric and fetal complications were abnormally high. IgG antibody was found in pre-eclampsia (62%), prematurity (54%), recurrent fetal loss (44%) and intrauterine growth retardation (54%), IgM antibody was also found in pre-eclampsia (54%), prematurity (32%), recurrent fetal loss (30%) and intrauterine growth retardation (40%). Presence of IgG antiphospholipid antibody in comparison with controls is statistically significant in patient of preeclampsia and recurrent fetal loss. Conclusions: Early autoimmune screening for antiphospholipid antibodies (IgM, IgG) of pregnant ladies was found to be effective tool in predilection of obstetric and fetal complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation between ultrasonography measured transcerebellar diameter of foetus with early and late gestational age

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Background: Traditionally, the gestational age of the foetus is determined from the date of the l... more Background: Traditionally, the gestational age of the foetus is determined from the date of the last menstrual period. Prediction of gestational age (GA) based on sonographic foetal parameters is perhaps the cornerstone in modern obstetrics and continues to remain an important component in the management of pregnancies with foetuses who have growth disturbances. The objective of the study was to study the correlation between foetal transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and pregnancy age, addressing early and late gestation periods. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the 100 pregnant women. Ultrasound examination for TCD and gestation age was done between 20-28 weeks of gestation and between 30-36 weeks of gestation. For the measurement of TCD transverse view of the foetal intracranium was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using suitable tests. Results: Mean age of the women was 24.82+3.31 and 85% women were in age group 21-30. The mean TCD in early gestational age i.e. 20-28 weeks was 24.7 ± 3.86 and in late gestational age i.e. 30-36 weeks was 39.31 ± 2.51. Median TCD increases from 20.35 mm at 20 weeks to 41.7 mm at 36 weeks of gestation. The correlation coefficient between gestational age and TCD was 0.971, which indicated high degree of relation with p value <0.0001. Conclusions: This study shows linear relationship between TCD and gestational age at 20-28 weeks & 30-36 weeks. So, TCD is a reliable method of gestational age determination in early as well as in late pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practice among school teachers in Abha female educational district, southwestern Saudi Arabia

International Breastfeeding Journal, 2012

Background: Inadequate knowledge, or inappropriate practice, of breastfeeding may lead to undesir... more Background: Inadequate knowledge, or inappropriate practice, of breastfeeding may lead to undesirable consequences. The aim of this study was to assess breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among female teachers in the Abha Female Educational District and identify factors that may affect breastfeeding practice in the study population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among school teachers in Abha Female Educational District during the months of April to June, 2011. Breastfeeding KAP of participants who had at least one child aged five years or younger at the time of the study were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, based on their experience with the last child. Results: A total of 384 women made up of 246 (61.1%) primary-, 89 (23.2%) intermediate-and 49 (12.8%) high-school teachers participated in the study. One hundred and nineteen participants (31%) started breastfeeding their children within one hour of delivery, while exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was reported only by 32 (8.3%) participants. Insufficient breast milk and work related problems were the main reasons given by 169 (44%) and 148 (38.5%) of participants, respectively, for stopping breastfeeding before two years. Only 33 participants (8.6%) had attended classes related to breastfeeding. However, 261 participants (68%) indicated the willingness to attend such classes, if available, in future pregnancies. Conclusions: This study revealed that breast milk insufficiency and adverse work related issues were the main reasons for a very low rate of exclusive breastfeeding among female school teachers in Abha female educational district, Saudi Arabia. A very low rate of attending classes addressing the breastfeeding issues during pregnancy, and an alarming finding of a high percentage of babies receiving readymade liquid formula while still in hospital, were also brought out by the present study. Such findings, if addressed comprehensively by health care providers and decision-makers, will lead to the improvement of breastfeeding practices in the study community.