ciddi veeresham - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by ciddi veeresham
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Mar 7, 2022
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop, characterize, and conduct pharmacokinetic ... more Objective: The objective of this study was to develop, characterize, and conduct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on ursolic acid solid self microemulsifying drug delivery system (UA-S-SMEDDS) for the treatment of diabetic complications. Methods: Liquid self microemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SMEDDS) were made with Capryol 90 as an oil, Cremophor EL as a surfactant, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as a co-surfactant. The surfactant and co-surfactant (Smix) ratios were calculated using a pseudo ternary phase diagram. At different pH levels and with water, the globule size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and dilution were all assessed. S-SMEDDS has developed adsorption to a solid carrier by utilizing L-SMEEDS formulation. The powder properties, liquid retention potential, globule size, PDI, ZP, assay, and pharmacokinetic studies were all evaluated. The pharmacodynamic investigations of the S-SMEDDS formulation in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Wistar rats were evaluated using malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) determination in tissues and section studies. Results: S-SMEDDS formulation was successfully developed with a droplet size of 163.4±1.475 nm, PDI of 0.251±0.042, a ZP of-21.3±1.02, an assay of 96.21±0.75%. The release studies showed 26.28% (0.1N HCl) and 83.57% (6.8 phosphate buffer) were released in 15 min. When comparing the pharmacokinetics of a UA-loaded S-SMEDDS to the coarse suspension, the S-SMEDDS (F2A) showed a 4.12 fold improvement in UA oral bioavailability. The pharmacodynamic results showed that S-SMEDDS was a higher recovery rate. Conclusion: The developed solid SMEDDS (F2A) formulation proved effective in treating diabetic complications in STZ induced Wistar rats by inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme.
Advances in microbiology, 2016
The present study involves the enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine by using free an... more The present study involves the enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine by using free and immobilized forms of microbial cultures as well as an enzyme (Lipase AP6). Among the microbial cultures employed in the present study, Aspergillus niger, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Cunninghamella elegans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida and Cunninghamella blakesleeana were found to possess capability of enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine. The enantiomeric excess (ee%) of Felodipine after reaction catalyzed by whole-cell A. niger and S. paucimobilis was found as 81.59 and 71.67%, respectively. Immobilization enhanced the enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio (E)) of the biocatalysts and hence this led to enhanced enantiomeric purity of the drug. The ee% values were found to be enhanced in reactions catalyzed by A. niger and S. paucimobilis cultures after immobilization as 98.27 and 93.56%, respectively. Enantiomeric ratio (E) of the reactions catalyzed by all the biocatalysts has been improved after immobilization. E value of the reaction catalyzed by immobilized A. niger was found to be excellent (E > 100) and hence the drug showed high enantiomeric purity. In lipase AP6 catalyzed study, the enantioselectivity was enhanced after immobilization with excellent E value, which led to enhanced enantiomeric purity of the drug (99.21% ee%).
Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013
Analytical Methods, 2017
A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed... more A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for analysis of iloperidone on rat dried blood spots.
Indian Journal of Natural Products, Jul 26, 2004
Indian Journal of Natural Products, Feb 22, 2023
The biotransformation reaction of cell suspension cultures produced from Decalepis hamiltonii and... more The biotransformation reaction of cell suspension cultures produced from Decalepis hamiltonii and Nicotiana tabacum leaves were investigated, using Carvedilol drug. Interestingly, the cell suspension cultures showed biotransformation of racemic carvedilol. There is noticeable conversion of S-enantiomer to R-enantiomer of Carvedilol. The bio-conversion was detected and quantified by Chiral HPLC. The ideal biotransformation was achieved with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml Carvedilol at pH 5.8. The optimum incubation time was observed to be 15 days The Decalepis hamiltonii and Nicotiana tabacum cell culture have shown the capacity to convert S-isomer to R-isomer, because it has enzymes specific for conversion from S to R form. Among the two plants Decalepis hamiltonii have shown better biotransformation when compared to Nicotiana tabacum.
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with picloram (2 mg/l), N 6-benzyladenine(BA) (1 mg/... more Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with picloram (2 mg/l), N 6-benzyladenine(BA) (1 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) (1 mg/l) was found to be suitable for the establishment of callus cultures from leaves of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer. The callus upon extraction and analysis revealed the presence of a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid, camptothecine (CPT) (2.893±2.38 mg %) and 9-methoxy camptothecine (MCPT) (0.4±0.4 mg %).
Carduus schimperi Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb and its roots are used in... more Carduus schimperi Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb and its roots are used in some localities in Ethiopia for orofacial inflammation in the form of warm aqueous macerate. In the present study, the in vivo antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the aqueous root extracts of C. schimperi were investigated. The antiinflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced mouse pedal (paw) oedema model, while the formalin test in mice was employed to study the antinociceptive activity. Administration of 400 mg/kg p.o. of the aqueous extract of the roots of C. schimperi produced significant (P<0.05–0.001) antiinflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and formalin-induced nociceptive pain stimulus in mice. Bioassay guided fractionation of the total extract indicated that the water fraction was by far the most potent in both models. Syringin, which was isolated for the first time from the active fraction of C. schimperi showed sig...
PubMed, Mar 1, 2014
Diabetes is a disease, which has assumed vital public health importance because of the complicati... more Diabetes is a disease, which has assumed vital public health importance because of the complications associated with it. Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm have been implicated in glucose-mediated complications. Though polyol pathway was established as a major mechanism, precise pathogenesis of these complications is not yet completely elucidated. Thus research focus was shifted towards key enzyme, aldose reductase in the pathway. Even though various compounds with aldose reductase inhibitory activity were synthesised, a very few compounds are under clinical use. However, studies on these compounds were always under conflicting results and an attempt has been made to review various natural substances with aldose reductase inhibitory activity and their role in management of diabetic complications.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Oct 22, 2021
The research work was carried out for establishing a new Ultra Violet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy a... more The research work was carried out for establishing a new Ultra Violet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy and Reverse phase-Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) method for the analysis and quantification of a biosimilar drug, Filgrastim. Filgrastim or recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rGCSF) is a glycoprotein. It has a biological action essential for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoetic and progenitor cells. The UV and RP-UFLC work was carried on a Shimadzu UV1800 Spectrophotometer and Shimadzu Prominence LC-20AD UFLC systems, respectively. The λ max of filgrastim was found to be 215 nm. The correlation coefficient by UV spectroscopy was found to be 0.9994 for the concentration range of 1 to 3 μg/ml in double distilled water. The Reverse phase UFLC was done by using Phenomenex C4 (25 cm × 0.46 cm internal diameter) 15 μ, 300 A˚ analytical column. The optimized mobile phase for binary elution was Acetonitrile and double distilled water (80:20) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The retention time of drug was at 3.2 min. It was observed that the response of the detector was linear in the range of 5-15 μg/ml with correlation coefficient value of 0.999. After developing the methods, it was assured for the intended use by validation of the analytical parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, ruggedness and robustness. The results of all the parameters for both the methods were found to be within the acceptance criteria as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019
In the present study, an optimized RP-HPLC and HPTLC validated methods was established for quanti... more In the present study, an optimized RP-HPLC and HPTLC validated methods was established for quantification of Sennosides, the major constituents of present in selected five marketed Senna herbal formulation with a simple and accuracy. It also carried out dissolution study on Senna herbal tablets and capsules. Sennosides A and B were determined using the external standard calibration method. The solvent impact on the selectivity factor and partition coefficient parameters evaluated and LOD, LOQ were calculated. The reliability of the HPLC and HPTLC methods for analysis of Sennosides A and B was validated through its linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, and recovery. Fina1ly marked herbal formulation standardized by assay of Sennosides A and B through above HPLC and HPTLC validated method. By above method, determination of Sennosides in Senna herbal formulation carried out and the results suggested that all the five selected herbal formulation posses Sennosides with the limits.
Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sep 1, 2001
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Apr 1, 2018
Objective: The present investigation is aimed to determine the effect of ashwagandha (AG) on phar... more Objective: The present investigation is aimed to determine the effect of ashwagandha (AG) on pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of glimepiride (GP) in diabetic rats. Simultaneously, the effect was also studied in normal rats. Methods: Diabetes in rats was induced by streptozotocin. The PK parameters are calculated in normal and diabetic rats. PD studies were performed in diabetic rats only. Results: From the PK results, 2.26-folds of improvement in the oral bioavailability of GP in normal rats were observed when treated with GP in a combination of AG and which is statistically significant (p<0.001). In case of diabetic rats, the oral bioavailability (3.42-folds) of GP was significantly increased when coadministered with AG and was higher (about 33.5%) than the normal rats. Further, the rate of clearance and also the volume of distribution significantly changed in diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in GP and AG treated (6.15% reduction) compared to GP alone (5.45% reduction) treated diabetic rats during a period of 24 h were noticed from PD studies. The maximum reduction was observed at 6 h (55.46%) when compared with standard GP treatment (46.06%) in case of GP and AG combination treatment. Conclusion: Therefore, the results suggestive that, the AG might be advantageous as an adjuvant to GP in an appropriate quantity, and also the dose of GP may need to be adjusted to avoid any complications.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2018
Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine, all these three alkaloids are benzophenanthridine alkal... more Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine, all these three alkaloids are benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Nitidine was used as an anti-HIV, anti-malarial and anti-cancer. Chelerythrine had anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Sanguinarine was widely used as an anti-plaquestic and anti-cancer. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for simultaneous quantification of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine in callus extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa by using Silica gel 60 F 254 as stationary phase and ethyl acetate:methanol:water:diethylamine (30:5:2:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase at 280 nm. The linearity concentration range was 5-160 µg/band of each alkaloid. The R f values of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine were found to be 0.28, 0.49 and 0.73. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.026, 0.088 µg/spot and 0.010 and 0.033 µg/spot, 0.0104 and 0.035 µg/spot respectively for Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine. HPTLC method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines for simultaneous estimation of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine and proved to be simple, specific, accurate, robust and rapid.
Endocrinology & metabolism international journal, Apr 18, 2017
Objectives: Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm... more Objectives: Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm with oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The present study was aimed at investigating therapeutic role of a well known antioxidant, pterostilbene in streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by assessing kidney function and morphological changes in kidney as the key outcome marker. Fidarestat an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor was used as reference to compare the consequences of pterostilbene on the formation of AGEs, AR inhibition and lipid peroxidation. Results: Present study results revealed that the pterostilbene treatment diabetic rats showed decreased blood glucose levels, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly. And also decreased kidney lipid peroxides and nitrate levels along with reduced AGEs formation was observed. In addition, pterostilbene was found to inhibit kidney AR activity with a diminished serum transforming growth factor β (TGF β) levels. Conclusion: Thus, the results obtained in this study underline the potential of pterostilbene as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications such as nephropathy.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021
The research work was carried out using Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and Reverse Phase-U... more The research work was carried out using Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and Reverse Phase-Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) for establishing novel methods for the analysis and quantification of Biosimilar drug, Etanercept. The maximum absorbance of Etanercept was found to be 215 nm and it obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the range of 5 to 200 µg/ml and 1 to 32 µg/ml for UV and RP-UFLC, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r 2) value was found to be between 0.999 and 0.9995. All the validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, and precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) and Robustness were found to be within acceptance criteria as per ICH guidelines. The results of accuracy studies (99.0% to 100.38%) indicated the methods to be accurate. The RSD % for interday and intraday precision studies was found to be less than 2%. Robustness and ruggedness were expressed in terms of RSD % which were also in the specified limits. LOD and LOQ of proposed method was calculated and found to be 1.257 and 3.809 μg/ml by UV, and 0.1073 μg/ml and 0.3251 μg/ml by RP-UFLC method, respectively. The developed methods were observed to be simple, rapid and costefficient. It can be easily applied for the estimation of Etanercept in the marketed formulations and for routine analysis of the Biosimilar drug.
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Mar 7, 2022
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop, characterize, and conduct pharmacokinetic ... more Objective: The objective of this study was to develop, characterize, and conduct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on ursolic acid solid self microemulsifying drug delivery system (UA-S-SMEDDS) for the treatment of diabetic complications. Methods: Liquid self microemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SMEDDS) were made with Capryol 90 as an oil, Cremophor EL as a surfactant, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as a co-surfactant. The surfactant and co-surfactant (Smix) ratios were calculated using a pseudo ternary phase diagram. At different pH levels and with water, the globule size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and dilution were all assessed. S-SMEDDS has developed adsorption to a solid carrier by utilizing L-SMEEDS formulation. The powder properties, liquid retention potential, globule size, PDI, ZP, assay, and pharmacokinetic studies were all evaluated. The pharmacodynamic investigations of the S-SMEDDS formulation in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Wistar rats were evaluated using malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) determination in tissues and section studies. Results: S-SMEDDS formulation was successfully developed with a droplet size of 163.4±1.475 nm, PDI of 0.251±0.042, a ZP of-21.3±1.02, an assay of 96.21±0.75%. The release studies showed 26.28% (0.1N HCl) and 83.57% (6.8 phosphate buffer) were released in 15 min. When comparing the pharmacokinetics of a UA-loaded S-SMEDDS to the coarse suspension, the S-SMEDDS (F2A) showed a 4.12 fold improvement in UA oral bioavailability. The pharmacodynamic results showed that S-SMEDDS was a higher recovery rate. Conclusion: The developed solid SMEDDS (F2A) formulation proved effective in treating diabetic complications in STZ induced Wistar rats by inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme.
Advances in microbiology, 2016
The present study involves the enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine by using free an... more The present study involves the enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine by using free and immobilized forms of microbial cultures as well as an enzyme (Lipase AP6). Among the microbial cultures employed in the present study, Aspergillus niger, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Cunninghamella elegans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida and Cunninghamella blakesleeana were found to possess capability of enantioselective resolution of racemic Felodipine. The enantiomeric excess (ee%) of Felodipine after reaction catalyzed by whole-cell A. niger and S. paucimobilis was found as 81.59 and 71.67%, respectively. Immobilization enhanced the enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio (E)) of the biocatalysts and hence this led to enhanced enantiomeric purity of the drug. The ee% values were found to be enhanced in reactions catalyzed by A. niger and S. paucimobilis cultures after immobilization as 98.27 and 93.56%, respectively. Enantiomeric ratio (E) of the reactions catalyzed by all the biocatalysts has been improved after immobilization. E value of the reaction catalyzed by immobilized A. niger was found to be excellent (E > 100) and hence the drug showed high enantiomeric purity. In lipase AP6 catalyzed study, the enantioselectivity was enhanced after immobilization with excellent E value, which led to enhanced enantiomeric purity of the drug (99.21% ee%).
Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013
Analytical Methods, 2017
A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed... more A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for analysis of iloperidone on rat dried blood spots.
Indian Journal of Natural Products, Jul 26, 2004
Indian Journal of Natural Products, Feb 22, 2023
The biotransformation reaction of cell suspension cultures produced from Decalepis hamiltonii and... more The biotransformation reaction of cell suspension cultures produced from Decalepis hamiltonii and Nicotiana tabacum leaves were investigated, using Carvedilol drug. Interestingly, the cell suspension cultures showed biotransformation of racemic carvedilol. There is noticeable conversion of S-enantiomer to R-enantiomer of Carvedilol. The bio-conversion was detected and quantified by Chiral HPLC. The ideal biotransformation was achieved with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml Carvedilol at pH 5.8. The optimum incubation time was observed to be 15 days The Decalepis hamiltonii and Nicotiana tabacum cell culture have shown the capacity to convert S-isomer to R-isomer, because it has enzymes specific for conversion from S to R form. Among the two plants Decalepis hamiltonii have shown better biotransformation when compared to Nicotiana tabacum.
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with picloram (2 mg/l), N 6-benzyladenine(BA) (1 mg/... more Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with picloram (2 mg/l), N 6-benzyladenine(BA) (1 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) (1 mg/l) was found to be suitable for the establishment of callus cultures from leaves of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer. The callus upon extraction and analysis revealed the presence of a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid, camptothecine (CPT) (2.893±2.38 mg %) and 9-methoxy camptothecine (MCPT) (0.4±0.4 mg %).
Carduus schimperi Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb and its roots are used in... more Carduus schimperi Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb and its roots are used in some localities in Ethiopia for orofacial inflammation in the form of warm aqueous macerate. In the present study, the in vivo antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the aqueous root extracts of C. schimperi were investigated. The antiinflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced mouse pedal (paw) oedema model, while the formalin test in mice was employed to study the antinociceptive activity. Administration of 400 mg/kg p.o. of the aqueous extract of the roots of C. schimperi produced significant (P<0.05–0.001) antiinflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and formalin-induced nociceptive pain stimulus in mice. Bioassay guided fractionation of the total extract indicated that the water fraction was by far the most potent in both models. Syringin, which was isolated for the first time from the active fraction of C. schimperi showed sig...
PubMed, Mar 1, 2014
Diabetes is a disease, which has assumed vital public health importance because of the complicati... more Diabetes is a disease, which has assumed vital public health importance because of the complications associated with it. Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm have been implicated in glucose-mediated complications. Though polyol pathway was established as a major mechanism, precise pathogenesis of these complications is not yet completely elucidated. Thus research focus was shifted towards key enzyme, aldose reductase in the pathway. Even though various compounds with aldose reductase inhibitory activity were synthesised, a very few compounds are under clinical use. However, studies on these compounds were always under conflicting results and an attempt has been made to review various natural substances with aldose reductase inhibitory activity and their role in management of diabetic complications.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Oct 22, 2021
The research work was carried out for establishing a new Ultra Violet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy a... more The research work was carried out for establishing a new Ultra Violet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy and Reverse phase-Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) method for the analysis and quantification of a biosimilar drug, Filgrastim. Filgrastim or recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rGCSF) is a glycoprotein. It has a biological action essential for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoetic and progenitor cells. The UV and RP-UFLC work was carried on a Shimadzu UV1800 Spectrophotometer and Shimadzu Prominence LC-20AD UFLC systems, respectively. The λ max of filgrastim was found to be 215 nm. The correlation coefficient by UV spectroscopy was found to be 0.9994 for the concentration range of 1 to 3 μg/ml in double distilled water. The Reverse phase UFLC was done by using Phenomenex C4 (25 cm × 0.46 cm internal diameter) 15 μ, 300 A˚ analytical column. The optimized mobile phase for binary elution was Acetonitrile and double distilled water (80:20) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The retention time of drug was at 3.2 min. It was observed that the response of the detector was linear in the range of 5-15 μg/ml with correlation coefficient value of 0.999. After developing the methods, it was assured for the intended use by validation of the analytical parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, ruggedness and robustness. The results of all the parameters for both the methods were found to be within the acceptance criteria as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019
In the present study, an optimized RP-HPLC and HPTLC validated methods was established for quanti... more In the present study, an optimized RP-HPLC and HPTLC validated methods was established for quantification of Sennosides, the major constituents of present in selected five marketed Senna herbal formulation with a simple and accuracy. It also carried out dissolution study on Senna herbal tablets and capsules. Sennosides A and B were determined using the external standard calibration method. The solvent impact on the selectivity factor and partition coefficient parameters evaluated and LOD, LOQ were calculated. The reliability of the HPLC and HPTLC methods for analysis of Sennosides A and B was validated through its linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, and recovery. Fina1ly marked herbal formulation standardized by assay of Sennosides A and B through above HPLC and HPTLC validated method. By above method, determination of Sennosides in Senna herbal formulation carried out and the results suggested that all the five selected herbal formulation posses Sennosides with the limits.
Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sep 1, 2001
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Apr 1, 2018
Objective: The present investigation is aimed to determine the effect of ashwagandha (AG) on phar... more Objective: The present investigation is aimed to determine the effect of ashwagandha (AG) on pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of glimepiride (GP) in diabetic rats. Simultaneously, the effect was also studied in normal rats. Methods: Diabetes in rats was induced by streptozotocin. The PK parameters are calculated in normal and diabetic rats. PD studies were performed in diabetic rats only. Results: From the PK results, 2.26-folds of improvement in the oral bioavailability of GP in normal rats were observed when treated with GP in a combination of AG and which is statistically significant (p<0.001). In case of diabetic rats, the oral bioavailability (3.42-folds) of GP was significantly increased when coadministered with AG and was higher (about 33.5%) than the normal rats. Further, the rate of clearance and also the volume of distribution significantly changed in diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in GP and AG treated (6.15% reduction) compared to GP alone (5.45% reduction) treated diabetic rats during a period of 24 h were noticed from PD studies. The maximum reduction was observed at 6 h (55.46%) when compared with standard GP treatment (46.06%) in case of GP and AG combination treatment. Conclusion: Therefore, the results suggestive that, the AG might be advantageous as an adjuvant to GP in an appropriate quantity, and also the dose of GP may need to be adjusted to avoid any complications.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2018
Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine, all these three alkaloids are benzophenanthridine alkal... more Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine, all these three alkaloids are benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Nitidine was used as an anti-HIV, anti-malarial and anti-cancer. Chelerythrine had anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Sanguinarine was widely used as an anti-plaquestic and anti-cancer. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for simultaneous quantification of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine in callus extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa by using Silica gel 60 F 254 as stationary phase and ethyl acetate:methanol:water:diethylamine (30:5:2:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase at 280 nm. The linearity concentration range was 5-160 µg/band of each alkaloid. The R f values of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine were found to be 0.28, 0.49 and 0.73. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.026, 0.088 µg/spot and 0.010 and 0.033 µg/spot, 0.0104 and 0.035 µg/spot respectively for Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine. HPTLC method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines for simultaneous estimation of Nitidine, Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine and proved to be simple, specific, accurate, robust and rapid.
Endocrinology & metabolism international journal, Apr 18, 2017
Objectives: Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm... more Objectives: Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm with oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The present study was aimed at investigating therapeutic role of a well known antioxidant, pterostilbene in streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by assessing kidney function and morphological changes in kidney as the key outcome marker. Fidarestat an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor was used as reference to compare the consequences of pterostilbene on the formation of AGEs, AR inhibition and lipid peroxidation. Results: Present study results revealed that the pterostilbene treatment diabetic rats showed decreased blood glucose levels, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly. And also decreased kidney lipid peroxides and nitrate levels along with reduced AGEs formation was observed. In addition, pterostilbene was found to inhibit kidney AR activity with a diminished serum transforming growth factor β (TGF β) levels. Conclusion: Thus, the results obtained in this study underline the potential of pterostilbene as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications such as nephropathy.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021
The research work was carried out using Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and Reverse Phase-U... more The research work was carried out using Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and Reverse Phase-Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) for establishing novel methods for the analysis and quantification of Biosimilar drug, Etanercept. The maximum absorbance of Etanercept was found to be 215 nm and it obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the range of 5 to 200 µg/ml and 1 to 32 µg/ml for UV and RP-UFLC, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r 2) value was found to be between 0.999 and 0.9995. All the validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, and precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) and Robustness were found to be within acceptance criteria as per ICH guidelines. The results of accuracy studies (99.0% to 100.38%) indicated the methods to be accurate. The RSD % for interday and intraday precision studies was found to be less than 2%. Robustness and ruggedness were expressed in terms of RSD % which were also in the specified limits. LOD and LOQ of proposed method was calculated and found to be 1.257 and 3.809 μg/ml by UV, and 0.1073 μg/ml and 0.3251 μg/ml by RP-UFLC method, respectively. The developed methods were observed to be simple, rapid and costefficient. It can be easily applied for the estimation of Etanercept in the marketed formulations and for routine analysis of the Biosimilar drug.