claudia navarini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by claudia navarini
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 2020
After more than sixty years from the pioneer work of Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy (... more After more than sixty years from the pioneer work of Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy (1958), Virtue Ethics (VE) has firmly established itself as a prominent paradigm within moral philosophy. Since its beginning, a wide range of scholars have been confronting several issues, ranging from the importance of character to the significance of happiness and flourishing; from the insufficiency of ethical rules to the critique of situationism; from the role of moral emotions to the difference between virtuous and automatic behavior. In addition, it has been inquiring more subtle topics such as the identity of the virtueswhether they are identifiable as personality traits or as skills-, the unity of virtues, as well as virtue taxonomy (Snow 2018). Particularly, in the last few years it has been intersecting with social sciences, specifically psychology, thus approaching studies and instruments of common interest, while also facing some skepticism especially on the philosophical side. In our view, the fruitful sharing of the philosophical and the psychological methodologies appears crucial for advancing a plausible, empirically informed virtue-ethical program. Such an awareness arose gradually, facing various context-related problems. The first generation of virtue ethicistswith Anscombe, also Peter Geach, Philippa Foot, and Iris Murdochhad, on the one hand, to deal with analytical and emotivistic metaethics, and, on the other hand, with the two mainstream accounts of normative ethics: deontologism and utilitarianism or consequentialism. Such pivotal group of philosophers at the Oxford Universitymostly related to Wittgensteinargued that the core issue of moral philosophy had not been identified by existing models, either because they reduced the complexity of morality to its formal and logical aspects, or they exceeded in stressing the results of moral decisions and acts. By putting the agent, instead of their acts, at the center, they meant to concentrate their philosophical efforts on how to become good, integrating emotional and rational human dimensions, and also addressing what Anscombe termed philosophy of psychology (Anscombe 1958). The following generation of VE's followers
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2018
Objectives: To understand the effects on professional relationships for Palliative Care physician... more Objectives: To understand the effects on professional relationships for Palliative Care physicians during a time of role change and challenge.
In a post-truth era, communication plays an important and sensitive role, related to the growing ... more In a post-truth era, communication plays an important and sensitive role, related to the growing importance of social networks. In this context, social and political influencers occupy a key position, as they can have an influence not only on our purchases, but also on the way we think and act. In fact, moral judgments can be affected by different variables, both moral and non-moral. For example, we are biased toward believing that certain characteristics of behavior or personality go together. This kind of bias can be included in what is called “Halo eEffect,” namely the tendency to use the evaluation of unrelated aspects to make judgments about something or someone’s personality. The present study aims at assessing how non-moral aspects, such as fortuitous events or general abilities, can affect the judgment of someone’s virtues. To prove this, we have designed two experiments to reproduce the typical information …
Medicina e Morale, 2019
Nel 2010 è stata emanata in Italia la Legge 38, che punta a migliorare formazione e tirocini nel ... more Nel 2010 è stata emanata in Italia la Legge 38, che punta a migliorare formazione e tirocini nel campo delle cure palliative, sebbene al momento non esista un sistema nazionale di monitoraggio di tali pratiche su scala nazionale. A livello internazionale l’eutanasia si è andata sempre più configurando come trattamento possibile fra le cure di fine vita, mentre in Italia resta formalmente illegale. Esistono alcuni studi italiani sulle prospettive dei pazienti rispetto alle cure palliative e all’eutanasia, ma la letteratura relativa alla percezione degli operatori sanitari palliativisti è esigua. Scopo del presente studio è l’indagine di tali percezioni, sia rispetto alla qualità delle cure palliative sia al potenziale ruolo dell’eutanasia nelle cure di fine vita in Italia. La ricerca è stata condotta in tre hospice romani. È stato sviluppato e somministrato un questionario con 75 item graduati secondo la scala Likert a 5 punti, utilizzando come metodi di analisi l’analisi fattoriale ...
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 2020
An increasing number of studies indicate that virtues affect brain structure. These studies might... more An increasing number of studies indicate that virtues affect brain structure. These studies might shed new light on some neuroethical perspectives suggesting that our brain network activity determines the acquisition and permanence of virtues. According to these perspectives, virtuous behavior could be interpreted as the product of a brain mechanism supervised by genes and environment and not as the result of free choice. In this respect, the neural correlates of virtues would confirm the deterministic theory. In contrast, I maintain that these findings do not undermine the role of willpower and freedom while reinforcing an interactionist view of free will. If virtues affect our neural system, then the predictability of the virtuous behavior follows. The likelihood of our future (moral) actions is primarily virtue-dependent; therefore, the acquired naturality of virtuous behavior is a source of predictable behavioral patterns outlining expected actions, which I propose to call Hypotheses of Action (HAs). However, the predictability of an action indicates its likeliness and not its certainty or necessity. The neural traces of virtues can be interpreted as major indicators of HAs. It is always possible for the agents to depart from their more likely, virtue-induced actions, but their deviations from the virtuous behavioral pattern are rare, as it is rare for the vicious/non-virtuous person to behave well systematically. This implies a reaffirmation of the notions of veto and consent as they provide a universal practical power affecting the subject’s use of moral virtues.
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
Humana.Mente, 2019
The relationship between fear and courage has been discussed in terms of opposite though mutually... more The relationship between fear and courage has been discussed in terms of opposite though mutually involving notions. However, their link has not been inquired extensively. Recently, new light has been shed on the topic thanks to recent empirical evidence within emotion theories that stress the role played by perception and/or cognition in the experience of fear, as well as the role played by the “emotional virtue” of courage in fear regulation. Questions arise whether fear has a fundamentally perceptual structure or is a biologically-grounded natural kind, and whether such an emotion-related virtue as courage is intrinsically or extrinsically related to fear. This paper considers the last problem first, then enlarges the picture to fear modeling, finally drives some conclusions which aim at deepening the relationship between fear and courage. As a result, it emerges that the emotion of fear has a conceptual, emotional, situational and subjective dimension. Assuming fear as a possibl...
Annali Dell Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, 2004
Annali Dell Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Feb 1, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an international level.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 2020
After more than sixty years from the pioneer work of Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy (... more After more than sixty years from the pioneer work of Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy (1958), Virtue Ethics (VE) has firmly established itself as a prominent paradigm within moral philosophy. Since its beginning, a wide range of scholars have been confronting several issues, ranging from the importance of character to the significance of happiness and flourishing; from the insufficiency of ethical rules to the critique of situationism; from the role of moral emotions to the difference between virtuous and automatic behavior. In addition, it has been inquiring more subtle topics such as the identity of the virtueswhether they are identifiable as personality traits or as skills-, the unity of virtues, as well as virtue taxonomy (Snow 2018). Particularly, in the last few years it has been intersecting with social sciences, specifically psychology, thus approaching studies and instruments of common interest, while also facing some skepticism especially on the philosophical side. In our view, the fruitful sharing of the philosophical and the psychological methodologies appears crucial for advancing a plausible, empirically informed virtue-ethical program. Such an awareness arose gradually, facing various context-related problems. The first generation of virtue ethicistswith Anscombe, also Peter Geach, Philippa Foot, and Iris Murdochhad, on the one hand, to deal with analytical and emotivistic metaethics, and, on the other hand, with the two mainstream accounts of normative ethics: deontologism and utilitarianism or consequentialism. Such pivotal group of philosophers at the Oxford Universitymostly related to Wittgensteinargued that the core issue of moral philosophy had not been identified by existing models, either because they reduced the complexity of morality to its formal and logical aspects, or they exceeded in stressing the results of moral decisions and acts. By putting the agent, instead of their acts, at the center, they meant to concentrate their philosophical efforts on how to become good, integrating emotional and rational human dimensions, and also addressing what Anscombe termed philosophy of psychology (Anscombe 1958). The following generation of VE's followers
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2018
Objectives: To understand the effects on professional relationships for Palliative Care physician... more Objectives: To understand the effects on professional relationships for Palliative Care physicians during a time of role change and challenge.
In a post-truth era, communication plays an important and sensitive role, related to the growing ... more In a post-truth era, communication plays an important and sensitive role, related to the growing importance of social networks. In this context, social and political influencers occupy a key position, as they can have an influence not only on our purchases, but also on the way we think and act. In fact, moral judgments can be affected by different variables, both moral and non-moral. For example, we are biased toward believing that certain characteristics of behavior or personality go together. This kind of bias can be included in what is called “Halo eEffect,” namely the tendency to use the evaluation of unrelated aspects to make judgments about something or someone’s personality. The present study aims at assessing how non-moral aspects, such as fortuitous events or general abilities, can affect the judgment of someone’s virtues. To prove this, we have designed two experiments to reproduce the typical information …
Medicina e Morale, 2019
Nel 2010 è stata emanata in Italia la Legge 38, che punta a migliorare formazione e tirocini nel ... more Nel 2010 è stata emanata in Italia la Legge 38, che punta a migliorare formazione e tirocini nel campo delle cure palliative, sebbene al momento non esista un sistema nazionale di monitoraggio di tali pratiche su scala nazionale. A livello internazionale l’eutanasia si è andata sempre più configurando come trattamento possibile fra le cure di fine vita, mentre in Italia resta formalmente illegale. Esistono alcuni studi italiani sulle prospettive dei pazienti rispetto alle cure palliative e all’eutanasia, ma la letteratura relativa alla percezione degli operatori sanitari palliativisti è esigua. Scopo del presente studio è l’indagine di tali percezioni, sia rispetto alla qualità delle cure palliative sia al potenziale ruolo dell’eutanasia nelle cure di fine vita in Italia. La ricerca è stata condotta in tre hospice romani. È stato sviluppato e somministrato un questionario con 75 item graduati secondo la scala Likert a 5 punti, utilizzando come metodi di analisi l’analisi fattoriale ...
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 2020
An increasing number of studies indicate that virtues affect brain structure. These studies might... more An increasing number of studies indicate that virtues affect brain structure. These studies might shed new light on some neuroethical perspectives suggesting that our brain network activity determines the acquisition and permanence of virtues. According to these perspectives, virtuous behavior could be interpreted as the product of a brain mechanism supervised by genes and environment and not as the result of free choice. In this respect, the neural correlates of virtues would confirm the deterministic theory. In contrast, I maintain that these findings do not undermine the role of willpower and freedom while reinforcing an interactionist view of free will. If virtues affect our neural system, then the predictability of the virtuous behavior follows. The likelihood of our future (moral) actions is primarily virtue-dependent; therefore, the acquired naturality of virtuous behavior is a source of predictable behavioral patterns outlining expected actions, which I propose to call Hypotheses of Action (HAs). However, the predictability of an action indicates its likeliness and not its certainty or necessity. The neural traces of virtues can be interpreted as major indicators of HAs. It is always possible for the agents to depart from their more likely, virtue-induced actions, but their deviations from the virtuous behavioral pattern are rare, as it is rare for the vicious/non-virtuous person to behave well systematically. This implies a reaffirmation of the notions of veto and consent as they provide a universal practical power affecting the subject’s use of moral virtues.
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an internat...
Humana.Mente, 2019
The relationship between fear and courage has been discussed in terms of opposite though mutually... more The relationship between fear and courage has been discussed in terms of opposite though mutually involving notions. However, their link has not been inquired extensively. Recently, new light has been shed on the topic thanks to recent empirical evidence within emotion theories that stress the role played by perception and/or cognition in the experience of fear, as well as the role played by the “emotional virtue” of courage in fear regulation. Questions arise whether fear has a fundamentally perceptual structure or is a biologically-grounded natural kind, and whether such an emotion-related virtue as courage is intrinsically or extrinsically related to fear. This paper considers the last problem first, then enlarges the picture to fear modeling, finally drives some conclusions which aim at deepening the relationship between fear and courage. As a result, it emerges that the emotion of fear has a conceptual, emotional, situational and subjective dimension. Assuming fear as a possibl...
Annali Dell Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, 2004
Annali Dell Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Feb 1, 2004
The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, fo... more The article aims at illustrating the characteristics and functions of a monolingual thesaurus, focusing on the Italian Thesaurus of Bioethics (Thesaurus Italiano di Bioetica, TIB) the controlled vocabulary used to index and retrieve documents within SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethics Information System). TIB includes controlled terms (descriptors) translated from the Bioethics Thesaurus adopted by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of the Georgetown University of Washington and revised according to the Italian context of study and scientific debate in the field of bioethics. The overall amount of TIB terms consists in over 1600 headings. Methods to link thesaurus terms hierarchically, by association and by showing synonyms as recommended in ISO standards are applied with reference to descriptors drawn from TIB. Future plans to make the English version of TIB available online within European networks are also illustrated, aiming at spreading information relating to bioethics at an international level.