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Papers by daniel teruna

IOP conference series, Mar 1, 2017

Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in rece... more Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in recent years for practical evaluation of seismic demands and for structural design by estimating a structural building capacities and deformation demands. By comparing these demands and capacities at the performance level interest, the seismic performance of a building can be evaluated. However, the accuracy of NSP for assessment irregular building is not yet a fully satisfactory solution, since irregularities of a building influence the dynamic responses of the building. The objective of the study presented herein is to understand the nonlinear behaviour of six story RC building with mass irregularities at different floors and stiffness irregularity at first story (soft story) using NSP. For the purpose of comparison on the performance level obtained with NSP, nonlinear time history analysis (THA) were also performed under ground motion excitation with compatible to response spectra design. Finally, formation plastic hinges and their progressive development from elastic level to collapse prevention are presented and discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering, Oct 16, 2018

Seismic input energy is transmitted into building consists of the kinetic energy, elastic strain ... more Seismic input energy is transmitted into building consists of the kinetic energy, elastic strain energy, damping energy, and hysteretic energy. The amount of the input energy induced by earthquake transmitted into a building depends on earthquake characteristics and building dynamic properties. In this context, the hysteretic energy directly associated with damage to structural members through a parameter which known as the damage index were introduced. For this purposes, influence of earthquake characteristic on energy spectra for SDOF system were described and presented. In addition, influence of structural dynamic properties are also described and discussed. Next, to assess the damage potential to a building under seismic excitation, four story steel moment resisting frame were investigated under three selected ground motion records matching to the response spectra design the new Indonesian code. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamic time history analysis were performed using ABAQUS to obtain responses parameters in term of base shear, drift, input and hysteretic energy. Finally, the seismic performance of the building based on Park and Ang damage index model is presented and summarized.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2018

Assessment of reinforced concrete building capacity under seismic excitation has been recognized ... more Assessment of reinforced concrete building capacity under seismic excitation has been recognized to be highly important for the past decades especially in Indonesia. Previous studies showed failures of RC building occurred in columns with bad confinement. The confinement in RC column has significant role in providing ductility and shear capacity for seismic loads. For this aim, a five-story RC building having different confinement on column members are investigated under seismic excitation. Three set of ground motions are selected and matched with target response spectrum of Indonesian code. Nonlinear analysis is performed by utilizing OpenSEES finite element software. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column elements, two types of plastic hinge are applied for both elements, namely finite length plastic hinges (plastic zone) and distributed hinges along the length of elements. The results show that there is a noticeable difference in seismic responses in correlation with the building model.

MATEC web of conferences, 2019

Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column ... more Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column connections of steel frameworks takes on importance of the growing development and utilization of new commercial software. However, for design purposes, the beam to the column connection are usually considered to be either pinned or fully rigid, and drastically simplifies the analysis and design procedures. In this paper, a four story of unbraced and concentric braced steel moment resisting frame having different connection stiffness is analysed using linear and nonlinear static procedure. In the finite element modelling, the semi rigid connection is modelled by rotational spring having linear moment and rotation relationship. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column members, concentrated plastic hinges based on FEMA 356 are applied for both ends of the member. It was found that, the response quantity of the unbraced frame are influenced by the flexibility connection. However, for the braced frame the effect of the initial connection stiffness parameter on the response quantity can be neglected due to present of the braces. Furthermore, the higher the initial connection stiffness parameter, the smallest the story drift index. Moreover, the present of the braces at the moment resisting frame (braced frame) reduce the sensitivity of the connection stiffness on the behaviour and the performance frame under consideration.

IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2018

The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of sei... more The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of seismic responses have been highly important for the past decades especially buildings with soft-story mechanism which are found to be more vulnerable. Several strengthening techniques have been proposed including Fibre Reinforced Polymer and steel jacket of RC column elements. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two strengthening techniques with variability of soft-story under severe earthquake excitations. Five-story RC building is investigated and non-linear dynamic analysis is performed to capture the inelastic responses of the structure. Four sets of ground motion are selected and matched with target response spectrum for Aceh earthquake. Seismic responses of the considered models and strengthening techniques are compared.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of sei... more The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of seismic responses have been highly important for the past decades especially buildings with soft-story mechanism which are found to be more vulnerable. Several strengthening techniques have been proposed including Fibre Reinforced Polymer and steel jacket of RC column elements. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two strengthening techniques with variability of soft-story under severe earthquake excitations. Five-story RC building is investigated and non-linear dynamic analysis is performed to capture the inelastic responses of the structure. Four sets of ground motion are selected and matched with target response spectrum for Aceh earthquake. Seismic responses of the considered models and strengthening techniques are compared.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in rece... more Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in recent years for practical evaluation of seismic demands and for structural design by estimating a structural building capacities and deformation demands. By comparing these demands and capacities at the performance level interest, the seismic performance of a building can be evaluated. However, the accuracy of NSP for assessment irregular building is not yet a fully satisfactory solution, since irregularities of a building influence the dynamic responses of the building. The objective of the study presented herein is to understand the nonlinear behaviour of six story RC building with mass irregularities at different floors and stiffness irregularity at first story (soft story) using NSP. For the purpose of comparison on the performance level obtained with NSP, nonlinear time history analysis (THA) were also performed under ground motion excitation with compatible to response spectra design. Finally, formation plastic hinges and their progressive development from elastic level to collapse prevention are presented and discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Passive damper has been widely used to improve seismic performance of structures by adding dampin... more Passive damper has been widely used to improve seismic performance of structures by adding damping, and in some cases also adding stiffness. In the case of damping, the energy input is dissipated by various mechanisms. One of the common and inexpensive ways to absorb input energy induced by earthquake is through inelastic deformation of steel material. A desirable steel damper possesses three important characteristic, namely: to have stable and large energy dissipation capability, to have large initial stiffness, and to have a representative mathematical model. The drawback of the previous steel damper makes it important in finding new ways to developed steel damper that meets the criteria of a good steel damper. In this study, four specimens of steel plate damper with diamond hollow shape were developed and tested under cyclic increasing load. The results confirmed that the steel dampers with convex shape and straight shape at the side part exhibit good performance without any degr...

ABSTRAK Perancah baja merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dalam pekerjaan bekisting untuk menu... more ABSTRAK Perancah baja merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dalam pekerjaan bekisting untuk menunjang pekerjaan selanjutnya. Tujuan dilakukannya analisis ini yaitu untuk meninjau kuat tekan maksimum yang terjadi pada scaffolding 3 tingkat sebelum terjadinya tekuk dengan metode analisa langsung (DAM). Perencanaan struktur baja yang umumnya langsing, memerlukan analisis stabilitas. Hasilnya dipengaruhi adanya imperfection (non-linier geometri) dan kondisi inelastis (non-linier material).Dalam tugas akhir ini menggunakan analisis inelastic orde-2 yang didasari pada metode analisa langsung.Model scaffolding 3 tingkat dianalisa dengan menggunakan elemen balok (beam element) pada program SAP 2000 dengan 6 variasi notional loads yang diaplikasikan pada arah sumbu lemah dari pada pipa scaffolding.Kuat tekan terendah pada scaffolding 3 tingkat sebelum terjadi tekuk adalah 18,24 kN dengan arah horizontal notional loads ke kanan pada scaffolding tingkat pertama,arah ke kiri pada scaffolding tingkat kedua dan ke kanan pada scaffolding tingkat 3.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hasil kuat tekan maksimum yang didapat terjadi perpindahan yang besar secara drastic dalam langkah iterasi.Dengan menggunakan analisa pada metode DAM,hasil yang didapat lebih efektif. ABSTRACT Steel scaffolding is a very important component in formwork work to support the next job. The purpose of this analysis is to review the maximum compressive strength that occurs in 3 levels of scaffolding prior to buckling with direct analysis method (DAM). Planning steel structures that are generally slim, require stability analysis. The result is influenced by imperfection (non-linear geometry) and inelastic condition (non-linear material). In this final project was using inelastic analysis of second order based on direct analysis method. 3-level scaffolding model was analyzed by using beam element, in the SAP 2000 program with 6 variations of notional loads applied to the weak axis direction of the scaffolding pipe. The lowest compressive force on the 3-level scaffolding prior to buckling is 18.24 kN with the horizontal notional loads to the right on the first level scaffolding,to the left at the second and to the right on the scaffolding level 3. The analysis results show that the maximum compressive strength gain is drastically displaced in the iteration step. By using the analysis on the DAM method, the results obtained are more effective.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

ABSTRACT The uses of supplementary hysteretic steel dampers have been recognized as effective and... more ABSTRACT The uses of supplementary hysteretic steel dampers have been recognized as effective and inexpensive techniques to reduce seismic responses of structural systems induced by a major earthquake. During a large earthquake event, these dampers will absorb the earthquake input energy to the structure through hysteretic behavior of its elements, where the main members are designed to remain elastic and/or within low inelastic deformation. The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the hysteretic dampers improving the structural performance of a steel building subjected to a major earthquake excitation. To do this, seven story's steel building with and without hysteretic steel dampers are investigated using non-linier dynamic time history analysis under a set of selected ground motion records. The ground motions are matched to the response spectrum design of the National Indonesian Standard of seismic hazard map. In this study, hysteretic steel dampers are applied with various stiffness ratio values in the steel bracing of the Chevron types configurations. To quantify the structure's performance, a damage indicator derived from the energy damage model is introduced and evaluated. Finally, the seismic performance of the building with and without hysteretic steel dampers are discussed and compared.

ABSTRACT This paper investigate the response of r/c frame building with soft first story. The sof... more ABSTRACT This paper investigate the response of r/c frame building with soft first story. The soft first story is characterized by the absence of infill wall on the ground floor. In order to enhance the seismic response of r/c frame building, the yielding damper is incorporated into building on the first story. The finite element method is employed to simulate the response of the frame building subjected to selected strong earthquakes using non-linear time history analysis. The effect of masonry infill on building responses are taken into account using equivalent three-strut model, and the presence of the opening in reduction both stiffness and strength of the masonry infill are also considered. In the finite element modeling, the simplified tri-linear model of stress–strain relationship are used for equivalent strut material, while hysteretic behavior of steel yielding damper is approximated by bilinear model. In addition, the inelastic behavior of beam and column elements with rigid end zone is also adopted. The responses quantities are obtained from nonlinear analysis to be used for assessment the seismic performance of the building under consideration. It also investigates the damage level of the building structure using damage index based on Park and Ang damage model. Finally, the seismic performance of the infilled frame building with and without steel yielding steel dampers in placed are discussed and compared.

Advances in Civil Engineering, 2015

This study aims to evaluate energy absorption capacity of hysteretic steel damper for earthquake ... more This study aims to evaluate energy absorption capacity of hysteretic steel damper for earthquake protection of structures. These types of steel dampers are fabricated from mild steel plate with different geometrical shapes on the side part, namely, straight, concave, and convex shapes. The performance of the proposed device was verified experimentally by a series of tests under increasing in-plane cyclic load. The overall test results indicated that the proposed steel dampers have similar hysteretic curves, but the specimen with convex-shaped side not only showed stable hysteretic behavior but also showed excellent energy dissipation capabilities and ductility factor. Furthermore, the load-deformation relation of these steel dampers can be decomposed into three parts, namely, skeleton curve, Bauschinger part, and elastic unloading part. The skeleton curve is commonly used to obtain the main parameters, which describe the behavior of steel damper, namely, yield strength, elastic stif...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015

Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of a hollow diamond shaped hysteretic ... more Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of a hollow diamond shaped hysteretic steel plate damper under in-plane cyclic loading. The combine hardening material model based on Chaboche kinematic hardening rule and exponential isotropic hardening rule was proposed to trace the cyclic hardening behaviour of the steel damper. For engineering design purposes, simplified models based on bilinear and trilinear models were also presented. Numerical results showed that hysteretic curve obtained from Chaboche model and the simplified models correlate well with experimental results. Furthermore, the validity of the simplified models is verified through a comparison of its hysteretic energy dissipation with the actual test data.

Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 2014

The responses of reinforced concrete frame building having soft first story under three selected ... more The responses of reinforced concrete frame building having soft first story under three selected earthquakes record is presented. The soft first story is characterized by the open space on the ground floor, while the story above having infill walls. In order to improve the seismic responses of r/c frame building, the steel damper of flexural type are installed into building on the first story. The finite element method is employed to simulate the response of the frame building subjected to selected severe earthquakes using non-linear time history analysis. The equivalent three strut model is adopted to account the interaction of masonry infill with structure members on building responses, and the presence of the opening in reduction both stiffness and strength of the masonry infill are also considered. The simplified tri-linear model of stress–strain relationship is applied to account for the nonlinearity of the equivalent strut material, while hysteretic behavior of steel damper ap...

MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019

Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column ... more Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column connections of steel frameworks takes on importance of the growing development and utilization of new commercial software. However, for design purposes, the beam to the column connection are usually considered to be either pinned or fully rigid, and drastically simplifies the analysis and design procedures. In this paper, a four story of unbraced and concentric braced steel moment resisting frame having different connection stiffness is analysed using linear and nonlinear static procedure. In the finite element modelling, the semi rigid connection is modelled by rotational spring having linear moment and rotation relationship. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column members, concentrated plastic hinges based on FEMA 356 are applied for both ends of the member. It was found that, the response quantity of the unbraced frame are influenced by the flexibility connection. However, for the braced frame the effect of the initial connection stiffness parameter on the response quantity can be neglected due to present of the braces. Furthermore, the higher the initial connection stiffness parameter, the smallest the story drift index. Moreover, the present of the braces at the moment resisting frame (braced frame) reduce the sensitivity of the connection stiffness on the behaviour and the performance frame under consideration.

The aim of seismic design is not intended to make earthquake-proof structures that will not exper... more The aim of seismic design is not intended to make earthquake-proof structures that will not experience any damage even during a strong earthquake; such structures will be too costly. However, controlling the damage to the desired level is a necessity for buildings with a particular purpose such as hospital, fire and police station, nuclear facilities, buildings that contain hazardous material, and other building that is critical for emergencies and defense. In this paper, a four-story steel frame, both with and without hysteretic steel damper are investigated in order to account the effect of stiffness ratio, and SR (ratio between steel damper and braces stiffness to the bare frame stiffness) in the global structural damage. For these purposes, three ground motions which are compatible to the design spectrum response in the Indonesian building code were selected to be applied to the structure with a stiffness ratio (SR) of 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a non-linear dynamic time history analysis. In this context, the damage index based on the works of Park and Ang is used as the criteria to define global structural damage, while story drift index is used as the criteria to measure the seismic performance level. The results demonstrated that the use of steel damper not only enhances the seismic performance, but it also reduces the damage index of the investigated structure. Furthermore, the damage index and story drift index are influenced by the stiffness ratio, in which the stiffness ratio of 4 (four) provides the smallest damage index and inter-story drift index. Moreover, the damage index and inter-story drift index were also affected by ground motions characteristics.

IOP conference series, Mar 1, 2017

Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in rece... more Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in recent years for practical evaluation of seismic demands and for structural design by estimating a structural building capacities and deformation demands. By comparing these demands and capacities at the performance level interest, the seismic performance of a building can be evaluated. However, the accuracy of NSP for assessment irregular building is not yet a fully satisfactory solution, since irregularities of a building influence the dynamic responses of the building. The objective of the study presented herein is to understand the nonlinear behaviour of six story RC building with mass irregularities at different floors and stiffness irregularity at first story (soft story) using NSP. For the purpose of comparison on the performance level obtained with NSP, nonlinear time history analysis (THA) were also performed under ground motion excitation with compatible to response spectra design. Finally, formation plastic hinges and their progressive development from elastic level to collapse prevention are presented and discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering, Oct 16, 2018

Seismic input energy is transmitted into building consists of the kinetic energy, elastic strain ... more Seismic input energy is transmitted into building consists of the kinetic energy, elastic strain energy, damping energy, and hysteretic energy. The amount of the input energy induced by earthquake transmitted into a building depends on earthquake characteristics and building dynamic properties. In this context, the hysteretic energy directly associated with damage to structural members through a parameter which known as the damage index were introduced. For this purposes, influence of earthquake characteristic on energy spectra for SDOF system were described and presented. In addition, influence of structural dynamic properties are also described and discussed. Next, to assess the damage potential to a building under seismic excitation, four story steel moment resisting frame were investigated under three selected ground motion records matching to the response spectra design the new Indonesian code. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamic time history analysis were performed using ABAQUS to obtain responses parameters in term of base shear, drift, input and hysteretic energy. Finally, the seismic performance of the building based on Park and Ang damage index model is presented and summarized.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2018

Assessment of reinforced concrete building capacity under seismic excitation has been recognized ... more Assessment of reinforced concrete building capacity under seismic excitation has been recognized to be highly important for the past decades especially in Indonesia. Previous studies showed failures of RC building occurred in columns with bad confinement. The confinement in RC column has significant role in providing ductility and shear capacity for seismic loads. For this aim, a five-story RC building having different confinement on column members are investigated under seismic excitation. Three set of ground motions are selected and matched with target response spectrum of Indonesian code. Nonlinear analysis is performed by utilizing OpenSEES finite element software. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column elements, two types of plastic hinge are applied for both elements, namely finite length plastic hinges (plastic zone) and distributed hinges along the length of elements. The results show that there is a noticeable difference in seismic responses in correlation with the building model.

MATEC web of conferences, 2019

Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column ... more Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column connections of steel frameworks takes on importance of the growing development and utilization of new commercial software. However, for design purposes, the beam to the column connection are usually considered to be either pinned or fully rigid, and drastically simplifies the analysis and design procedures. In this paper, a four story of unbraced and concentric braced steel moment resisting frame having different connection stiffness is analysed using linear and nonlinear static procedure. In the finite element modelling, the semi rigid connection is modelled by rotational spring having linear moment and rotation relationship. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column members, concentrated plastic hinges based on FEMA 356 are applied for both ends of the member. It was found that, the response quantity of the unbraced frame are influenced by the flexibility connection. However, for the braced frame the effect of the initial connection stiffness parameter on the response quantity can be neglected due to present of the braces. Furthermore, the higher the initial connection stiffness parameter, the smallest the story drift index. Moreover, the present of the braces at the moment resisting frame (braced frame) reduce the sensitivity of the connection stiffness on the behaviour and the performance frame under consideration.

IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2018

The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of sei... more The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of seismic responses have been highly important for the past decades especially buildings with soft-story mechanism which are found to be more vulnerable. Several strengthening techniques have been proposed including Fibre Reinforced Polymer and steel jacket of RC column elements. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two strengthening techniques with variability of soft-story under severe earthquake excitations. Five-story RC building is investigated and non-linear dynamic analysis is performed to capture the inelastic responses of the structure. Four sets of ground motion are selected and matched with target response spectrum for Aceh earthquake. Seismic responses of the considered models and strengthening techniques are compared.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of sei... more The assessment and strengthening method of existing reinforced concrete buildings in terms of seismic responses have been highly important for the past decades especially buildings with soft-story mechanism which are found to be more vulnerable. Several strengthening techniques have been proposed including Fibre Reinforced Polymer and steel jacket of RC column elements. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two strengthening techniques with variability of soft-story under severe earthquake excitations. Five-story RC building is investigated and non-linear dynamic analysis is performed to capture the inelastic responses of the structure. Four sets of ground motion are selected and matched with target response spectrum for Aceh earthquake. Seismic responses of the considered models and strengthening techniques are compared.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in rece... more Pushover analysis or also known as nonlinear static procedures (NSP) have been recognized in recent years for practical evaluation of seismic demands and for structural design by estimating a structural building capacities and deformation demands. By comparing these demands and capacities at the performance level interest, the seismic performance of a building can be evaluated. However, the accuracy of NSP for assessment irregular building is not yet a fully satisfactory solution, since irregularities of a building influence the dynamic responses of the building. The objective of the study presented herein is to understand the nonlinear behaviour of six story RC building with mass irregularities at different floors and stiffness irregularity at first story (soft story) using NSP. For the purpose of comparison on the performance level obtained with NSP, nonlinear time history analysis (THA) were also performed under ground motion excitation with compatible to response spectra design. Finally, formation plastic hinges and their progressive development from elastic level to collapse prevention are presented and discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Passive damper has been widely used to improve seismic performance of structures by adding dampin... more Passive damper has been widely used to improve seismic performance of structures by adding damping, and in some cases also adding stiffness. In the case of damping, the energy input is dissipated by various mechanisms. One of the common and inexpensive ways to absorb input energy induced by earthquake is through inelastic deformation of steel material. A desirable steel damper possesses three important characteristic, namely: to have stable and large energy dissipation capability, to have large initial stiffness, and to have a representative mathematical model. The drawback of the previous steel damper makes it important in finding new ways to developed steel damper that meets the criteria of a good steel damper. In this study, four specimens of steel plate damper with diamond hollow shape were developed and tested under cyclic increasing load. The results confirmed that the steel dampers with convex shape and straight shape at the side part exhibit good performance without any degr...

ABSTRAK Perancah baja merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dalam pekerjaan bekisting untuk menu... more ABSTRAK Perancah baja merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dalam pekerjaan bekisting untuk menunjang pekerjaan selanjutnya. Tujuan dilakukannya analisis ini yaitu untuk meninjau kuat tekan maksimum yang terjadi pada scaffolding 3 tingkat sebelum terjadinya tekuk dengan metode analisa langsung (DAM). Perencanaan struktur baja yang umumnya langsing, memerlukan analisis stabilitas. Hasilnya dipengaruhi adanya imperfection (non-linier geometri) dan kondisi inelastis (non-linier material).Dalam tugas akhir ini menggunakan analisis inelastic orde-2 yang didasari pada metode analisa langsung.Model scaffolding 3 tingkat dianalisa dengan menggunakan elemen balok (beam element) pada program SAP 2000 dengan 6 variasi notional loads yang diaplikasikan pada arah sumbu lemah dari pada pipa scaffolding.Kuat tekan terendah pada scaffolding 3 tingkat sebelum terjadi tekuk adalah 18,24 kN dengan arah horizontal notional loads ke kanan pada scaffolding tingkat pertama,arah ke kiri pada scaffolding tingkat kedua dan ke kanan pada scaffolding tingkat 3.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hasil kuat tekan maksimum yang didapat terjadi perpindahan yang besar secara drastic dalam langkah iterasi.Dengan menggunakan analisa pada metode DAM,hasil yang didapat lebih efektif. ABSTRACT Steel scaffolding is a very important component in formwork work to support the next job. The purpose of this analysis is to review the maximum compressive strength that occurs in 3 levels of scaffolding prior to buckling with direct analysis method (DAM). Planning steel structures that are generally slim, require stability analysis. The result is influenced by imperfection (non-linear geometry) and inelastic condition (non-linear material). In this final project was using inelastic analysis of second order based on direct analysis method. 3-level scaffolding model was analyzed by using beam element, in the SAP 2000 program with 6 variations of notional loads applied to the weak axis direction of the scaffolding pipe. The lowest compressive force on the 3-level scaffolding prior to buckling is 18.24 kN with the horizontal notional loads to the right on the first level scaffolding,to the left at the second and to the right on the scaffolding level 3. The analysis results show that the maximum compressive strength gain is drastically displaced in the iteration step. By using the analysis on the DAM method, the results obtained are more effective.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 2019

Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requir... more Nonlinear analysis for evaluating seismic performance of building under seismic excitation requires nonlinear properties of any component that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. The nonlinear behavior of beams and column components are modeled in the form of plastic hinges as described in ASCE41-13 [1] guideline. This document provides the hinge rotation capacity for several ranges of detailing assumption. Buckling restrained braces (BRB) can be modeled as a link element with forcedeformation behavior through Wen's plasticity model. This paper evaluates possible differences of seismic performance of six-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with conforming and non-conforming plastic hinge rotation, with and without BRB in placed. The nonlinear static analysis is performed to obtain capacity curve using inverted triangular load pattern as described in ASCE7-10 [2]. The behaviors of investigating frames are discussed and evaluated by means of capacity curves and plastic hinge formation mechanism. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of BRB properties on the seismic behavior of building model subjected to selected ground motion records. Furthermore, response parameters of building model are presented and compared in the form of base shear, story displacement, and story drift.

ABSTRACT The uses of supplementary hysteretic steel dampers have been recognized as effective and... more ABSTRACT The uses of supplementary hysteretic steel dampers have been recognized as effective and inexpensive techniques to reduce seismic responses of structural systems induced by a major earthquake. During a large earthquake event, these dampers will absorb the earthquake input energy to the structure through hysteretic behavior of its elements, where the main members are designed to remain elastic and/or within low inelastic deformation. The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the hysteretic dampers improving the structural performance of a steel building subjected to a major earthquake excitation. To do this, seven story's steel building with and without hysteretic steel dampers are investigated using non-linier dynamic time history analysis under a set of selected ground motion records. The ground motions are matched to the response spectrum design of the National Indonesian Standard of seismic hazard map. In this study, hysteretic steel dampers are applied with various stiffness ratio values in the steel bracing of the Chevron types configurations. To quantify the structure's performance, a damage indicator derived from the energy damage model is introduced and evaluated. Finally, the seismic performance of the building with and without hysteretic steel dampers are discussed and compared.

ABSTRACT This paper investigate the response of r/c frame building with soft first story. The sof... more ABSTRACT This paper investigate the response of r/c frame building with soft first story. The soft first story is characterized by the absence of infill wall on the ground floor. In order to enhance the seismic response of r/c frame building, the yielding damper is incorporated into building on the first story. The finite element method is employed to simulate the response of the frame building subjected to selected strong earthquakes using non-linear time history analysis. The effect of masonry infill on building responses are taken into account using equivalent three-strut model, and the presence of the opening in reduction both stiffness and strength of the masonry infill are also considered. In the finite element modeling, the simplified tri-linear model of stress–strain relationship are used for equivalent strut material, while hysteretic behavior of steel yielding damper is approximated by bilinear model. In addition, the inelastic behavior of beam and column elements with rigid end zone is also adopted. The responses quantities are obtained from nonlinear analysis to be used for assessment the seismic performance of the building under consideration. It also investigates the damage level of the building structure using damage index based on Park and Ang damage model. Finally, the seismic performance of the infilled frame building with and without steel yielding steel dampers in placed are discussed and compared.

Advances in Civil Engineering, 2015

This study aims to evaluate energy absorption capacity of hysteretic steel damper for earthquake ... more This study aims to evaluate energy absorption capacity of hysteretic steel damper for earthquake protection of structures. These types of steel dampers are fabricated from mild steel plate with different geometrical shapes on the side part, namely, straight, concave, and convex shapes. The performance of the proposed device was verified experimentally by a series of tests under increasing in-plane cyclic load. The overall test results indicated that the proposed steel dampers have similar hysteretic curves, but the specimen with convex-shaped side not only showed stable hysteretic behavior but also showed excellent energy dissipation capabilities and ductility factor. Furthermore, the load-deformation relation of these steel dampers can be decomposed into three parts, namely, skeleton curve, Bauschinger part, and elastic unloading part. The skeleton curve is commonly used to obtain the main parameters, which describe the behavior of steel damper, namely, yield strength, elastic stif...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015

Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of a hollow diamond shaped hysteretic ... more Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of a hollow diamond shaped hysteretic steel plate damper under in-plane cyclic loading. The combine hardening material model based on Chaboche kinematic hardening rule and exponential isotropic hardening rule was proposed to trace the cyclic hardening behaviour of the steel damper. For engineering design purposes, simplified models based on bilinear and trilinear models were also presented. Numerical results showed that hysteretic curve obtained from Chaboche model and the simplified models correlate well with experimental results. Furthermore, the validity of the simplified models is verified through a comparison of its hysteretic energy dissipation with the actual test data.

Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 2014

The responses of reinforced concrete frame building having soft first story under three selected ... more The responses of reinforced concrete frame building having soft first story under three selected earthquakes record is presented. The soft first story is characterized by the open space on the ground floor, while the story above having infill walls. In order to improve the seismic responses of r/c frame building, the steel damper of flexural type are installed into building on the first story. The finite element method is employed to simulate the response of the frame building subjected to selected severe earthquakes using non-linear time history analysis. The equivalent three strut model is adopted to account the interaction of masonry infill with structure members on building responses, and the presence of the opening in reduction both stiffness and strength of the masonry infill are also considered. The simplified tri-linear model of stress–strain relationship is applied to account for the nonlinearity of the equivalent strut material, while hysteretic behavior of steel damper ap...

MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019

Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column ... more Structural analysis and design with taken into account the flexibility of the beam to the column connections of steel frameworks takes on importance of the growing development and utilization of new commercial software. However, for design purposes, the beam to the column connection are usually considered to be either pinned or fully rigid, and drastically simplifies the analysis and design procedures. In this paper, a four story of unbraced and concentric braced steel moment resisting frame having different connection stiffness is analysed using linear and nonlinear static procedure. In the finite element modelling, the semi rigid connection is modelled by rotational spring having linear moment and rotation relationship. To account the inelastic behaviour of beam and column members, concentrated plastic hinges based on FEMA 356 are applied for both ends of the member. It was found that, the response quantity of the unbraced frame are influenced by the flexibility connection. However, for the braced frame the effect of the initial connection stiffness parameter on the response quantity can be neglected due to present of the braces. Furthermore, the higher the initial connection stiffness parameter, the smallest the story drift index. Moreover, the present of the braces at the moment resisting frame (braced frame) reduce the sensitivity of the connection stiffness on the behaviour and the performance frame under consideration.

The aim of seismic design is not intended to make earthquake-proof structures that will not exper... more The aim of seismic design is not intended to make earthquake-proof structures that will not experience any damage even during a strong earthquake; such structures will be too costly. However, controlling the damage to the desired level is a necessity for buildings with a particular purpose such as hospital, fire and police station, nuclear facilities, buildings that contain hazardous material, and other building that is critical for emergencies and defense. In this paper, a four-story steel frame, both with and without hysteretic steel damper are investigated in order to account the effect of stiffness ratio, and SR (ratio between steel damper and braces stiffness to the bare frame stiffness) in the global structural damage. For these purposes, three ground motions which are compatible to the design spectrum response in the Indonesian building code were selected to be applied to the structure with a stiffness ratio (SR) of 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a non-linear dynamic time history analysis. In this context, the damage index based on the works of Park and Ang is used as the criteria to define global structural damage, while story drift index is used as the criteria to measure the seismic performance level. The results demonstrated that the use of steel damper not only enhances the seismic performance, but it also reduces the damage index of the investigated structure. Furthermore, the damage index and story drift index are influenced by the stiffness ratio, in which the stiffness ratio of 4 (four) provides the smallest damage index and inter-story drift index. Moreover, the damage index and inter-story drift index were also affected by ground motions characteristics.