Dávid Jablonský - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dávid Jablonský

Studia Historica Nitriensia, 2022

The oldest known Hungarian language monument called Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és ... more The oldest known Hungarian language monument called Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés) has earned exceptional respect in the field of Hungarian culture and historiography, and a wider team of authors has sought to analyze and interpret it, however, the source bypassed the attention of the Slovak historical community. Funeral speeches in the European area at the time of the 12th century were still rare also in Latin, not only in the national languages. The central motif was based on the findings of Chapter 3 of the Book of Genesis, where God forbade Adam and Eve to eat the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden. Because they broke their promise, they brought death to the human race. In addition to God, the Devil, Adam and Eve, the figures of the Virgin Mary, St. Peter, the Archangel Michael, the angels and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were also mentioned. From the New Testament writings, there is also an allusion to the Gospel according to Matthew. The topic contains a transcript and a Slovak translation not only of the Hungarian version, but of the Latin original too, from which it follows that the original author also operated with references to the work of the Prophet Ezekiel or the work of St. Paul. The Funeral Sermon and Prayer is at least unique from the point of view of medieval Hungary, because expansion of funeral speeches and their publication was more common in the period from the 16th to the 18th century.

Constantine's Letters, 2022

Archbishop of Esztergom and Cardinal Alexander Rudnay (1760 – 1831) achieved a successful church ... more Archbishop of Esztergom and Cardinal Alexander Rudnay (1760 – 1831) achieved a successful church career not only thanks to his theological erudition, language and diplomatic skills, synodal as well as philanthropic activities, but also through his sermons. The English translation and analysis of his first sermon conceived in four languages (Latin, German, Slovak, Hungarian) and published in 1833 in an edition of his 82 sermons collected from 1778 to 1805 under the title „Kázne prihodné...“ points to the development of Rudnay’s personality, vision and faith or the multi-ethnic character of modern Hungary. The central theme of the sermon was the miraculous act of Jesus Christ, when the hungry people who followed him for three days were fed by the multiplication of the seven loaves of bread. The text does not lack references to the Book of Exodus, the Book of the Prophet Isaiah, the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah, the Book of Psalms, the Gospel of Mark, the Gospel of Matthew and the Letters of St. Paul. Choice of the central theme, examples and arguments used, adherence to scholastic principles, emotional colouring, realization of own individual, warning against materialism and the importance of spiritual values, and the challenge not to sin again must have had a sophisticated and systematic effect on the recipient at the time and testify to Rudnay’s conscientiousness and dexterity already at a young age.

Populačné štúdie Slovenska vol. 15 no. 1, 2022

The image of the town of Šahy in the mirror of the works of Nicolaus Istuanfius, Matthias Belius,... more The image of the town of Šahy in the mirror of the works of Nicolaus Istuanfius, Matthias Belius, Ignaz Aurelius Fessler, András Vályi, Elek Fényes and Samu Borovszky points out that the first written records in the preserved documents were mentioned in the first half of the 13th century and the history of the town was closely connected with the Hunt-Poznan family or the local Premonstratensian convent. the activities of the Premonstratensian monks, the gradual acquisition of various city rights and the increase in population during the High and Late Middle Ages strengthened the strategic importance of the town step by step. However, this positive trend disrupted the Ottoman invasion. Its devastating effects along with events of 1552 led to an escape of the inhabitants, to burning of the town or to relocation of the convent archives. The town has long been suffering from the negative effects of the Ottoman presence and the political or religious fragmentation of the Kingdom of Hungary, even after the expulsion of the Ottomans from the country. The 19th century contributed to the effective modernization of the town. As Šahy became the administrative center of the Hont county, new institutions and various associations were established and intellectual milieu was stimulated. However, the 19th century also had its downsides. Despite advancing health education and improving health care, the fight against infectious diseases has often been futile, causing people to experience family tragedies. This is evidenced by the information extracted from the registries used in the study in connection with the cholera pandemic.

Terra Vineatica: kultúra vinohradníctva a vína v stredoeurópskom priestore: zborník príspevkov z vedeckej konferencie, 2022

The work Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica by Matthias Belius as a versatile source o... more The work Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica by Matthias Belius as a versatile source of information on individual Hungarian counties often offers in the plane of selected towns or villages mentions on the topic of viticulture and its various aspects. In the fifty-five villages that fell within the Nógrád County in the Modrý Kameň district, Bel mentioned the cultivation of vineyards or wine production in up to forty of them. Often these are just strict references to the fact that there were vineyards in a certain locality and whether or not fertile grapes were born there. Sometimes, however, these passages are supplemented by knowledge of the terrain on which people tried to plant new vineyards or cultivate already used areas; which conditions helped the growth of the vine and which harmed it; in which localities wine production was the main livelihood; what variety people grew; which wines excelled in their quality or where the inhabitants located the construction of their cellars. References to the history of viticulture of the municipalities of the studied area are obtained from Bel not only to the current Slovak localities such as Veľký Krtíš, Malý Krtíš, Dolné Strháre, Pôtor, Žihľava, Veľké Zlievce, Malé Zlievce, Bušince, Čeláre, Glabušovce, Potôčik, Olováry, Malé Straciny, Veľké Straciny, Obeckov, Nová Ves, Sklabiná, Želovce and Vrbovka; but also to contemporary Hungarian villages such as Szügy, Csesztve, Bodony, Szátok, Patak, Borsosberény, Horpács, Bánk, Felsőpetény, Alsópetény, Legénd, Galgaguta, Felsősáp, Alsósáp, Nézsa, Agárd, Nőtincs, Diósjenő, Verőce, Kosd and Rád.

People, Institutions, Relations. Slovakia and Hungary from the 11th to 18th Century, 2020

Hranica a jej podoby v zrkadle politických, cirkevných, hospodárskych a kultúrnych dejín, 2019

Moral boundaries of the clergy - discipline in the mirror of the Hungarian synodal decrees of the... more Moral boundaries of the clergy - discipline in the mirror of the Hungarian synodal decrees of the Catholic Church from the end of the 15th to the first thirds of the 17th century

Sambucus, 2020

The work called Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica performed by Hungarian polymath, te... more The work called Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica performed by Hungarian polymath, teacher and evangelical priest Matthias Belius (1684 – 1749) to this day represents a lot of contemporary information that researchers try to interpret in the boundaries of various historical or related human disciplines. Bel was interested in theology, history, geography, philosophy, medicine, and folk customs and traditions. He spoke several languages, studied or worked in several Hungarian cities, and with his works and activities he contributed to the development of science, education, culture, language and literature. The work Notitia, in which the author mapped the individual counties and districts of Hungary, offers informations on selected towns and villages, watercourses, bridges, caves, mountains, forests, mineral wealth, agricultural crops, animals, customs and traditions of the population, military meetings or religious conditions. A similar structure was also connected with the Modrý Kameň district, where the author contained a description of 55 villages. We get a picture that the villages fell under the jurisdiction of the Esztergom archbishopric and chapter and the diocese of Vác. A rich number of local families is named here. From the field of the Hungarian-Ottoman clashes is included the Ottomans' attempt to conquer the bastion defended by the Hungarians in Bušince (1552), from the circle of anti-Habsburg uprisings is exceptional the battle, that took place between the armies of the emperor and Francis II Rákóczi at the locality of Romhány (1710). The complex picture is completed by mentions of grain cultivation, viticulture, fruit growing, hunting, logging, fishing, the present watercourses, bridges, mills or the occurance of Slovak population.

Historia Ecclesiastica, 2021

The article maps possible circumstances of origin; the intended author; the pilgrimage of the sou... more The article maps possible circumstances of origin; the intended author; the pilgrimage of the source from the Apennine Peninsula to the territory of Hungary; as well as attempts at transcripts, analyzes and interpretations made by Hungarian authors in connection with one of the oldest preserved Hungarian textual monuments in the form of the Old Hungarian Lamentations of Mary, which was discovered in a manuscript focused on Latin sermons called the Leuven Codex from the 13th century. We can draw attention here mainly to the initiative of Róbert Gragger with the assistance of Georg Leidinger, Franz Babinger and Emil Jakubovich, as well as to the activities of István Muzslay or works written by Dezső Pais, Gedeon Mészöly, Lóránd Benkő, András Vizkelety, András Martinkó, László Mezey and Ferenc A. Molnár. The core of the study is focused on Slovak translations of the transcripts of lament provided by András Vizkelety and Ferenc A. Molnár, as well as on Slovak translations of key passages of the lament called Planctus ante nescia from the 12th century by Godfrey of Saint Victor, which formed the main inspiration for the creation of the Hungarian version of the lament in the 13th century. Based on a comparison of individual versions, the reader can point out that although the original Latin ideas are strongly represented in the Hungarian text, there is a deep contribution by the presumed Hungarian author and the verses are largely authentic, which makes this version of the lament a unique original and may be an interesting subject of study of medieval religious texts in the European context.

Studia Historica Nitriensia, 2020

Synodal activity usually required great organizational and diplomatic skills, theological knowled... more Synodal activity usually required great organizational and diplomatic skills, theological knowledge, as well as a lot of patience and effort. These assumptions were also manifested by the Nitra Bishop Anton (1492-1500) through the Diocesan Synod of Nitra in 1494. Preserved synodal decrees point to a comprehensive grasp of the topics related to liturgical discipline and clergy discipline. A wide range of topics and their detailed elaboration speaks of the problems that currently plagued the Church towards the end of the Middle Ages. The course of the internal reform of the Diocese of Nitra, which was established by Bishop Anton through the synodal decrees, was so effective that these decrees were confirmed, extended and published in 1560 in Vienna by the Bishop of Nitra Pavol Abstemius Bornemisa (1557-1579). For the life and functioning of clerics and believers, Anton‘s initiative and effort was an important milestone, as the summoning of the Hungarian Synods in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age was not a matter of course.

Constantine's Letters, 2019

Péter Beriszló (*1475 – †1520) was a prominent church representative who, besides the church sphe... more Péter Beriszló (*1475 – †1520) was a prominent church representative who, besides the church sphere, also distinguished himself in political sphere. He used his diplomatic skills, power influence and contacts in the court of Vladislaus II Jagiellon as a diplomat and as a member of the Royal Office and Royal Council. He actively opposed the expansiveness of the Ottoman Empire and took part in the Ottoman-Hungarian wars, which was also fatal to him. Between 1512 and 1520 he was the Bishop of Veszprém. In 1515, as Bishop of Veszprém, he summoned the diocesan synod to Veszprém, where 31 regulations were adopted concerning liturgical discipline and discipline of the clergy. Some regulations were progressive and signalled a Catholic self-reform that was typical after the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563).

Constantine's Letters, 2017

In the 16th century, there were many confessional and social changes, due to which the position o... more In the 16th century, there were many confessional and social changes, due to which the position of the Catholic Church seemed to have been shaken and lost many believers and priests. Being faced with the pressure of the spreading Protestant Reformation, Roman Catholicism was itself forced to agree to deeper reforms in its own ranks. His pressure led to attempts at reforming its structures, approach and direction so as to be able to adapt to the early modern conditions and to remain competitive with the new churches. The same regulations constantly reappearing over several decades, numerous cases and disputes, as well as the frequent admonitions from the archbishops and the Holy See, all of these testified to a more difficult and slower application of regulations and their adoption by believers and priests in practice. The Catholic Church had to rethink a number of questions concerning the faith, religious doctrine, teaching the believers and priests, sacraments, ceremonies, church services and especially the life and discipline of the clerics who had to be an example and moral support for secular representatives. Altough the changes were put into practice slowly, synods with their regulations were one of the most important methods or mechanisms of the early modern Catholic reform in Hungary.

Východočeské listy historické 39, 2018

Political, religious, and socio-economic changes during the Ottoman presence, the struggle for th... more Political, religious, and socio-economic changes during the Ottoman presence, the struggle for thrones, frequent military strikes, the spread of new religious ideas, and the loss of the spirituality and the worshippers affected the Catholic Church in Hungary. Due to multiple religious changes as well as under the influence of the Trident Council, church leaders have come to a number of regulations or unification in the field of liturgy and clergy discipline. The changes were put into practice thanks to the synodal activity, which was distinguished by Nicolaus Olahus (1558, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1564, 1566), Ferenc Forgách (1611) and Péter Pázmány (1629, 1630, 1632, 1633), during whose reign the synodal legislature experienced its peak in Hungary. Their followers, in the person of Imre Lóssy (1638) and György Lippay (1648), have already repeated and extended their conclusions, designed on the results of the Trident Council. In the territory fragmented by the Ottoman invasions and the anti-Habsburg Estates' uprisings, marked by fraudulent morality and discipline of the clerics, the lack of priests, missing papal confessions for bishops, ruined churches and missing liturgical objects, unoccupied ecclesiastical positions and benefits, and poor economic security, the Synods represented the most effective mechanisms to remove the negatives and afflicitons of the Catholic Church. In the second half of the 16th Century and the first half of the 17th Century, the Synods became one of the key pillars of Catholic renewal in the spirit of Trident Council, alongside with the visitations of the dioceses, setting up Hungarian priests' seminaries and bringing Catholic teachers to the schools.

Books by Dávid Jablonský

The Devil in the Light of Selected Written and Iconographic Sources of Christianity, 2022

The book is an attempt to systematically map the names, characteristics, and stories associated w... more The book is an attempt to systematically map the names, characteristics, and stories associated with the Devil, based on biblical books, deuterocanonic writing, and the work of the Church Fathers. The concept is amplified by the effort to describe the supposed appearance of the Devil on the basis of Christian ideas, which were projected into the level of mosaics, miniatures, paintings, carvings or engravings. As a result, readers can draw attention to the archetypes, presumed incarnations or manifestations of the Devil's character in the sign of the set of beings, which included Baal, Beelzebub, Belial, Beliar, snake, dragon, Leviathan, Azazel, Samael, Melchiresha, Prince of Darkness, Satan, Antichrist or Lucifer. They will learn what functions the authors of the Scriptures ascribed to them. They will understand that the terms "satan" and "devil" in the context of selected biblical stories belonged to a wider range of specific human figures, other supernatural beings, or even the city of Jerusalem. The well-known Old Testament and New Testament books are supplemented by knowledge from the First and Second Books of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees, the Third Book of Baruch, or scrolls from the Dead Sea, while there are also key ideas from works put by church fathers such as Justin Martyr, Athenagoras of Athens, Theophilus of Antioch, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen of Alexandria, Cyprian of Carthage, Lactantius, Jerome or Augustine of Hippo. There are also several references to ancient myths, which in the form of "borrowings" are reflected in the Bible verses. The iconographic section then reveals which ancient deities the Christians borrowed in depicting the Devil and which angelic, animal or human elements have dominated each century. The forms of the Devil are illustrated by themes such as the fall of Lucifer, the temptation of Adam and Eve, the temptation of Job, the temptation of Christ, the exorcisms performed by Christ, Christ stepping on the serpent or beast, Harrowing of hell, the Last Judgment, hell or various forms of hellish or earthly punishments. The presented works of art come from the territory of today's Italy, Germany, England, France, the Czech Republic, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands. The work contains a number of quotations, a rich pictorial appendix (line drawings) and a dense notebook with detailed characteristics of biblical figures, nations and ethnic groups, cities or historical events. The book is relieved of any occult or esoteric nipples and is based entirely on the scientific analysis of textual and pictorial sources, applying research methods of history and related human disciplines.

The main task of this university textbook is to explain Hungarian grammar and practice texts to S... more The main task of this university textbook is to explain Hungarian grammar and practice texts to Slovak historians and students of history or other human scientific disciplines and fields. The grammatical part contains the Hungarian alphabet, pronunciation, parts of speech and sentence elements. The text part focuses on selected topics such as auxiliary historical sciences; prehistoric stages, findings and sources; ancient art and architecture; rulers from pre-state units located in today's territory of Slovakia; Principality of Nitra and Great Moravian Empire; the first Hungarian monarch Stephen and the founding of the Kingdom of Hungary; medieval ruling dynasties of Hungary; economy and catering in early modern Hungary; evolution of ecclesiastical situation after the Battle of Mohacs; synodal activity of selected Catholic archbishops; life, work and contribution of Matej Bel; Hungarian revolution in 1848 and 1849; disintegration of Austria-Hungary and the emergence of Czechoslovakia; the fate of Czechoslovakia during World War II and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Based on these selected topics enriched with various information and knowledge, Slovak students can acquire a number of Hungarian terms and understand Hungarian written texts that are also confused with other historical texts. Both grammar and translation part of the textbook are enriched with a series of exercises. Students and researchers will find the correct answers to the selected exercises in the key to the exercises. The textbook is also enriched with a Hungarian-Slovak dictionary, which contains all the relevant Hungarian words contained in the work. The book conceived in this way can provide a suitable impulse for acquiring the basics of the Hungarian language and provide space for translations of modern Hungarian literature, source editions or sources.