Catherine deVries - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Catherine deVries

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Jun 1, 1987

Neurons are more sensitive than astrocytes to lead toxicity in vivo. In order to understand the b... more Neurons are more sensitive than astrocytes to lead toxicity in vivo. In order to understand the bases for the differences in brain cell responses to lead, the effects of lead acetate on cell morphology and on aerobic energy metabolism were studied in rat primary cultured neurons and astrocytes. By transmission electron microscopy, neuronal cell damage was seen with exposure to lead concentrations which were much lower than those required for similar changes in the astrocyte. As previously described in our studies of in vivo lead exposure, astrocytes in primary culture concentrated lead in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and lysosomal inclusions while neurons showed lead densities only in lysosomes. With acute lead exposures, inhibition of maximal respiratory capacity was greater and occurred at lower lead concentrations in neurons than in astrocytes. Similarly, respiratory rates were inhibited at lower lead concentrations in cerebral cortical slices from 8-day-old rat pups compared to those from adults. We conclude that primary cultured brain cells are appropriate in vitro systems for studying the in vivo cellular responses to lead. As in vivo, neurons are more sensitive than astrocytes to lead toxicity. In both cells, inhibition of aerobic energy metabolism appears to be closely associated with cell damage. The capacity of the astrocyte to sequester lead in nonmitochondrial intracellular sites may be critical in resistance to lead toxicity in vitro and in the mature brain.

African Journal of Urology, Sep 1, 2013

The Lancet Global Health, May 1, 2014

Background Although departments of surgery and surgical specialties are well established componen... more Background Although departments of surgery and surgical specialties are well established components of all medical schools, these departments generally focus on the teaching of technical aspects of surgery and clinical and basic science aspects of perioperative care. Few departments have dedicated resources to the study of surgical systems or ecosystems within health care as a whole. The Center for Global Surgery at the University of Utah was founded on the mission to develop the next generation of global surgical and anaesthesia leaders able to design innovative, aff ordable surgical care, locally and abroad, that is accessible to all through education, research, development, and advocacy. Methods The following were established as priorities: overcoming misconceptions about the scope of global surgery and its potential as an academic endeavour; improving public and academic awareness of disparities in surgical care as a public health problem; advocating for improved access for underserved populations worldwide; and extending expertise in global surgery by training undergraduate students, graduate students, medical students, residents, fellows, and faculty in research methods pertinent to the fi eld. Findings Initially approved as a programme within the Department of Surgery in 2009, the Center for Global Surgery has grown to include participation of other departments within the health sciences programmes (anaesthesia, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, family practice, preventive medicine, and telehealth) and the main campus (engineering and anthropology) to serve a broad community within the University of Utah and worldwide. The centre provides a forum for collaboration and intersection of many disciplines that aff ect surgical care. Since its inception, the centre has supported engagement in advocacy at the World Health Assembly; education, including courses in global surgery; the University of Utah's Extreme Aff ordability Conferences; and international collaborative research. Interpretation Global surgery is now recognised in foundational surgical textbooks and publications on disease control priorities. Similar academic programmes in global surgery could benefi t universities at many levels and should be integrated into dynamic and robust health education.

PubMed, 1983

Although it is well established that respiratory uptake of lead-containing particles plays a subs... more Although it is well established that respiratory uptake of lead-containing particles plays a substantial role in the epidemiology of plumbism, relatively little is known about the role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage in lead poisoning. An in vitro system was designed to investigate the effects of lead oxide particles of respirable size on the rabbit alveolar macrophage. The studies were concerned with the intracellular solubility of PbO and Pb3O4 and changes in fine structure attributable to lead toxicity. The distribution of phagocytosed lead and its intracellular reprecipitation complexes was established by electron microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and backscatter imaging. It was found that Pb3O4, PbO and PbO-coated particles were ingested by the rabbit alveolar macrophages and that each of these lead oxide compounds produced similar damage to the fine structure of the cell. Swelling of the mitochondria, nuclear membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum was common, as well as were characteristic reprecipitation complexes of lead, phosphorous, and calcium within the nuclear heterochromatin and cytoplasm of the cell. The precipitation complexes were not seen in cells incubated with the particles if phagocytosis was blocked by 0.22-microns, membrane filters. It was concluded that phagocytosis of these lead oxide particles was necessary to produce the cytopathic changes. It is suggested that solubilization of lead from the ingested particles in phagosomes of macrophages results in the liberation of intracellular lead with the resultant formation of reprecipitation complexes.

PubMed, 1984

The rat pup fed inorganic lead has been studied extensively as an animal model of human lead ence... more The rat pup fed inorganic lead has been studied extensively as an animal model of human lead encephalopathy. As in man, the sensitivity of the brain to lead toxicity is age-dependent. Pups given daily lead feedings for one week beginning in the first week of life show pathologic changes (i.e., hemorrhage, edema, and neuronal necrosis) throughout the brain including the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Pups begun on daily lead feedings for two weeks between 10-18 days of age show similar pathologic changes almost entirely confined to the cerebellum. Pups receiving very large quantities of lead for two weeks beginning at 20 or 24 days of age develop only minimal edema or no changes by light microscopy. We have proposed that the effects of lead on cellular aerobic energy metabolism are important in the pathogenesis of the encephalopathy in the developing brain. Early in the course of lead feedings begun at 14 days of age, isolated cerebellar mitochondria show a loss of respiratory control. During the second week of lead feedings, respiration with NAD-linked substrates is inhibited in cerebellar mitochondria, but not in cerebral mitochondria, from these animals. Cerebral mitochondrial respiration in pups fed lead from birth also is inhibited while both cerebral and cerebellar mitochondrial respiration in lead-fed adults is not affected. Isolated brain mitochondria exposed to lead in vitro show similar changes; an initial respiratory stimulation (probably reflecting an energy-coupled uptake of lead) and a secondary inhibition of dehydrogenases located in the mitochondrial matrix. Lead also may compete with calcium for brain mitochondrial carrier or binding sites. During maturation, the brain appears to become resistant to lead toxicity by sequestering lead away from the mitochondrial site of action. This hypothesis is based upon the observations that: 1. the in vitro effects of lead are the same in immature and mature cerebellar mitochondria; 2. the cerebral and cerebellar lead concentrations are the same in immature encephalopathic and mature encephalopathy-resistant lead-fed animals and; 3. cerebellar mitochondria from animals fed lead from 14 days of age contain much more lead than cerebral mitochondria from these animals and cerebellar mitochondria from lead-fed adults. This hypothesis is supported further by the results of recent electron microscopic and elemental microprobe studies of lead distribution in the brains of animals fed lead beginning at 14-18 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Urology, Sep 1, 1996

The use of hyaluronidase facilitates reduction of paraphimosis. It acts by dispersing extracellul... more The use of hyaluronidase facilitates reduction of paraphimosis. It acts by dispersing extracellular edema, permitting easy reduction of the foreskin. Its use is applicable both in the hospital and outpatient setting. Hyaluronidase is widely available and keeps well if refrigerated. It is effective for children and adults. UROLOGY 48: 464-465, 1996.

Indian Journal of Urology, 2005

ABSTRACT Filarial disease, transmitted from person-to-person by mosquitoes, principally affects p... more ABSTRACT Filarial disease, transmitted from person-to-person by mosquitoes, principally affects people in tropical and sub-tropical areas. One hundred and twenty million people in at least 80 nations of the world have lymphatic filariasis. One billion people are at risk of getting infected. Ninety percent of these infections are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti , and most of the remainder by Brugia malayi. For W. bancrofti , humans are the exclusive host. The major vectors for W. bancrofti are culicine mosquitoes in most urban and semiurban areas, anophelines in the more rural areas. Larvae in the blood of human hosts are ingested when the insect vectors feed. Within the vector, the microfilarias migrate to specific sites and develop from first-stage larvae into infective third-stage larvae. The vector transmits the infective larvae into a human host when feeding. Mosquitoes deposit the larvae on the host skin adjacent to the puncture site and the third stage larval (L3) parasites migrate through the venous system and lungs to eventually take up residence in the lymphatics. There they form nests occupied by male and female worms, and produce the first stage larvae or microfilariae by viviparous reproduction These larvae migrate from the lymphatics to the peripheral blood where mosquitoes ingest them. The filarial disease has protean manifestaions in the form of chronic, acute and ′asymptomatic′ presentations as well as a number of syndromes associated with these infections that may or may or not be caused by the parasites.

Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons, Feb 1, 2009

JAMA Surgery, Nov 1, 2015

Recent updates regarding the unmet surgical need indicate that 5 billion of the world's 7 billion... more Recent updates regarding the unmet surgical need indicate that 5 billion of the world's 7 billion people lack access to safe and timely surgical care. 1 One of the critically missing pieces is trained surgical staff, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and biomedical engineers. The ecosystem of people and processes, as well as supplies and infrastructure, is necessary to begin to remove the gaps in care. Yet, how to fill the human resource gap has remained a conundrum. The consortium approach to surgical education has many merits and has worked well in other, nonsurgical settings where consortia of universities support the medical training programs in a low-resource country. The limitation to this approach for surgery has been the small numbers of US surgeons available to teach, combined with the constraints of time and obligations to their home departments. This shortcoming has necessarily created a situation in which discontinuity is the norm and training brigades, camps, workshops, or missions attempt to fill at least some of the training needs. 2 As described by Cook et al 2 in this issue of JAMA Surgery, the Alliance for Global Clinical Training program with the

Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2022

Annals of global health, Dec 14, 2016

B A C K G R O U N D As surgery is gaining recognition as a critical component of universal health... more B A C K G R O U N D As surgery is gaining recognition as a critical component of universal health care worldwide, surgical communities have come together with unprecedented unity to advocate for systems to support surgical care. This community has long believed that much care could be performed in a cost-effective manner even in low resource settings, despite skepticism voiced by many in public health. To do so will require the development of new systems and revamping of old systems that are not effective. In the last five years, coalitions, expert panels, commissions, consortia and alliances have emerged to address these issues and there has been landmark success in advocacy with a new resolution at the 2015 World Health Assembly to include surgical care as a component of universal health coverage. It is critical to understand the ecosystem that constitutes the surgical environment. A surgical ecosystem could be described as a network of people, processes, and materials necessary for surgical services in the context of the facilities and environment in which it functions. M E T H O D S We describe components of a functioning surgical ecosystem in terms of administration, support staff and clinicians, and the necessary subsystems for providing consumable materials such as anesthetic medication and suture and sterile instruments. Related systems that must be integrated are facilities and utilities such as electricity, lighting, plumbing and waste management and even laundry. But especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) lack of any one of these may be rate-limiting. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed situational analyses and checklists for first level district hospitals to identify missing elements. C O N C L U S I O N S A siloed approach cannot solve a systems problem. However, to scale up rapidly and to develop and sustain quality standards, a holistic "ecosystem" approach, including local and global professional societies and advocacy organizations will need to become engaged.

The Journal of Urology, Apr 1, 2006

The Journal of Urology, Oct 1, 2008

The Journal of Urology, Jul 1, 2010

Purpose: Unilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation is comparable to intravesical procedures... more Purpose: Unilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation is comparable to intravesical procedures and more effective than subureteral injection to resolve vesicoureteral reflux. Initial reports showed that the procedure could be feasibly done on an outpatient basis. We present further data on a large series of consecutive, planned, outpatient unilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantations. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 consecutive patients underwent scheduled outpatient unilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation. We retrospectively reviewed their records. Patient data were collected on reflux laterality and grade, operative time, hospital stay, complications, need for rehospitalization and resolution rate on radiography 1 month postoperatively. Results: A total of 209 females (84%) and 41 males (16%) underwent planned outpatient extravesical ureteral reimplantation, including on the left side in 158 (63%) and on the right side in 92 (37%). Mean reflux grade was 3.2 with grades II to V in 64 (26%), 96 (38%), 74 (30%) and 16 cases (7%), respectively. Average operative time was 63 minutes and average length of stay, defined as time from initial admission in to discharge home, was 6.2 hours (range 3 to 10 hours). Short-term and late complications occurred in 9 (3.6%) and 8 patients (3.2%), respectively. Conclusions: Extravesical ureteral reimplantation for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux may be consistently done on an outpatient basis with a reasonable complication rate and a low postoperative hospital admission rate.

International Journal of Urology, Nov 1, 2006

The presentation, and medical and surgical management of all new onset non-congenital hydroceles ... more The presentation, and medical and surgical management of all new onset non-congenital hydroceles in boys older than 1 year of age were examined. Of particular interest was the outcome of those patients who presented with a non-communicating hydrocele that developed after the first year of life and was managed conservatively. Methods: All patients older than 12 months of age who were evaluated as outpatients with the diagnosis of hydrocele from January 1994 to January 2001 were identified. Possible risk factors and predisposing conditions were determined. For the patients who had surgical correction, surgical indications were identified. For non-surgical patients, long-term outcomes were recorded. Results: A total of 302 patients older than 12 months of age with the diagnosis of new onset hydrocele were identified. Of these, 35% were non-communicating, 59% were communicating, and 6% were hydroceles of the spermatic cord. In terms of surgery, 97% of communicating hydroceles, 71% of hydroceles of the spermatic cord, and 34% of non-communicating hydroceles had operative management. Seventy patients with non-communicating hydroceles did not receive surgery and 51 (73%) were contacted for long term follow-up. In these 51 patients, 76% of non-communicating hydroceles resolved completely, 6% decreased in size but were still present, 14% remained the same size, and 4% had an unknown status. The average time to resolution was 5.6 months with a median time of 3 months. The time range to resolution was from 1 day to 24 months. Follow-up averaged 73.7 months with a range of 33 to 120 months. Conclusions: Approximately 75% of new onset, non-congenital, non-communicating hydroceles resolve spontaneously irrespective of size. An observation period of 6-12 months would be appropriate prior to repair.