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Papers by debananda roy

Radionuclides and heavy metals in environment, 2022

Frontiers in Environmental Science

The increasing cancer risk (CR) due to sediment- and soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ... more The increasing cancer risk (CR) due to sediment- and soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of the major threats to public health. The CR of sediment- and soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs was estimated for the first time in coastal and residential areas near an industrial zone in Korea. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations and sensitivity tests were conducted to calculate the CR and to identify the most sensitive parameters. The CR was found to be highest in the coastal areas of Korea. Ulsan, which is located on the southeastern coast of Korea, was classified as a high cancer risk zone according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, while the western coast and Mohang Harbor were classified as moderate cancer risk zones. Fish consumption was identified as the main contributor (94–99%) to the total risk levels in the coastal areas. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (43–76%) and PAH levels (8–44%) in sediment were identified as the paramete...

한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집, 2017

Building and Environment, 2022

Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022

Multiplicity and complexity in sources account for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soi... more Multiplicity and complexity in sources account for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and health risk levels in industrial zones. In the present study, cancer risks (CR) for soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs were estimated and compared for the first time in seven different land-use areas adjacent to an industrial zone (Ulsan) in Korea. The entire study area has been recognized as a “low CR” zone (10−6 < value < 10−4). Hence, all land-use areas were found to have significant (>10−6) CR levels, except for an area used to store ore and iron scraps. Estimated CR levels were highest in the railroad area (RA) and traffic area (TA), followed by those in the industrial area (IA). In addition, exposure through dermal absorption (61–70%) and ingestion (21–39%) were the most common factors for CR levels in the study area. Among all health parameters, exposure duration, body weight, and open skin surface area were distinguished as most sensitive to total CR levels. Moreover, am...

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2020

Milk urea N (MUN) is used by dairy nutritionists and producers to monitor dietary protein intake ... more Milk urea N (MUN) is used by dairy nutritionists and producers to monitor dietary protein intake and is indicative of N utilization in lactating dairy cows. Two experiments were conducted to explore discrepancies in MUN results provided by 3 milk processing laboratories using different methods. An additional experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (bronopol) on MUN analysis. In experiment 1, 10 replicates of bulk tank milk samples, collected from the Pennsylvania State University's Dairy Center over 5 consecutive days, were sent to 3 milk processing laboratories in Pennsylvania. Average MUN differed between laboratory A (14.9 ± 0.40 mg/dL; analyzed on MilkoScan 4000; Foss, Hillerød, Denmark), laboratory B (6.5 ± 0.17 mg/dL; MilkoScan FT + 6000), and laboratory C (7.4 ± 0.36 mg/dL; MilkoScan 6000). In experiment 2, milk samples were spiked with urea at 0 (7.3 to 15.0 mg/dL, depending on the laboratory analyzing the samples), 17.2, 34.2, and 51.5 mg/dL of milk. Two 35-mL samples from each urea level were sent to the 3 laboratories used in experiment 1. Average analyzed MUN was greater than predicted (calculated for each laboratory based on the control; 0 mg of added urea): for laboratory A (23.2 vs. 21.0 mg/dL), laboratory B (18.0 vs. 13.3 mg/dL), and laboratory C (20.6 vs. 15.2 mg/dL). In experiment 3, replicated milk samples were preserved with 0 to 1.35 mg of bronopol/mL of milk and submitted to one milk processing laboratory that analyzed MUN using 2 different methods. Milk samples with increasing amounts of bronopol ranged in MUN concentration from 7.7 to 11.9 mg/dL and from 9.0 to 9.3 mg/dL when analyzed on MilkoScan 4000 or CL 10 (EuroChem, Moscow, Russia), respectively. In conclusion, measured MUN concentrations varied due to analytical procedure used by milk processing laboratories and were affected by the amount of bronopol used to preserve milk sample, when milk was analyzed using a mid-infrared analyzer. Thus, it is important to maintain consistency in milk sample preservation and analysis to ensure precision of MUN results.

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020

Open-cast coal mining and its associate activities are responsible for the generation of atmosphe... more Open-cast coal mining and its associate activities are responsible for the generation of atmospheric particulate pollutants. An emission inventory technique has been employed to identify and quantify the sources of PM 10 in Dhanbad/Jharia coalfield (JCF), India. Inventory of natural (mine fire) and anthropogenic (mining and non-mining) was considered to create actual database in the study area. It is a unique approach for a complex coal mining zone associated with mine fire in India. The multiple emission sources such as anthropogenic (open coal mining, industrial and local) and natural (coal mine fire) are responsible for the complexity in the study area. Gridding systems of 129 grids (2 km × 2 km each) were developed to build up a detailed database of sources/activities throughout the study area. The total 9409 kg/day emission load of PM 10 was estimated during study period. Between all the sources, emission from the open-cast coal mining (19.97%), thermal power plant (18%), vehicles (16%), the paved/unpaved road (14%), domestic fuel burning (12%), open coal burning and mine fire (6%) and garbage burning (5%) were generated a significant amount of PM 10 throughout the study area. Globally, this study could be guideline to identify and quantify the emission sources in the critically polluted coal mining complex for the developing and developed countries. Keywords PM 10 • Open-cast coal mines • Emission inventory • Sources inventory • Jharia coalfield Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Environmental Pollution, 2019

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution levels and human health risks resulting from exposu... more Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution levels and human health risks resulting from exposure to non-anthropogenic pollution sources, such as coal mine-fires, are serious global issues. The toxicity of PM 10-bound metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was assessed according to their noncancer and cancer risks (CRs) at the mine-fire and in an adjacent city area. Health risks were estimated for inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption pathways. The non-cancer risks, presented in terms of the hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ), were found to be significant (>1) at all locations, except in the mining (for HQ-dermal) and city background area (for HQ-ingestion and HQ-dermal) in children and adults, respectively. The total CR was estimated to be highest at the city nearby the minefire area (3.31E-02 and 1.93E-02) followed by the mine-fire area (2.66E-02 and 1.71E-02) for children and adults, respectively. The total CR and CR via individual exposure routes were estimated to be in the high risk (10 À3 CR < 10 À1) category at the mine-fire site and adjacent city area. For all exposures, CR levels were calculated to be higher than the acceptable range (from 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04), except for the CRinhalation level at the A5 location. Among all elements, Cd and BaP equ were more significant for the CR at the coal mine-fire and the adjacent city area. Hence, this study concluded that non-anthropogenic sources, such as coal mine-fires, could be part for the significant health risk (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic) levels in the study area.

Journal of Transport & Health, 2019

Introduction: Although subways have many advantages as a transport system, passengers may be expo... more Introduction: Although subways have many advantages as a transport system, passengers may be exposed to indoor air pollution. In such cases, the dominant risk factors are associated with particulate matter (PM) bound metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, inhalation cancer risks (ICR) were assessed at Seoul metro subway stations (SMS), South Korea, in 2014-2015. Methods: The mass fractions of PAHs and metals in PM 10 were calculated from the previous studies. The PM 10 exposure and mass deposition in various sections of the human respiratory tract (HRT) was calculated using mass deposition technique. In addition, ICR via exposure of PM 10 in HRT and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were estimated for the teen and adult groups of commuters at SMS. Moreover, ICR levels have been compared with incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) levels for SMS commuters. Results: The PM 10 pollution levels at SMS were found within the acceptable range for the subway platforms in Korean (150 μg/m 3). In addition, the maximum amounts of total deposition (TD) and head deposition (HD) in HRT were estimated for the adult group. Hence, tracheobronchial (TB) and alveoli (A) depositions were calculated height for the teen. For the adult and teen groups, ICR(TD) level found significant (> 1 × 10 −6) for Cr and PAHs. But, among both age groups, significant values of total ICR(TBD + AD) were estimated for the teen (1.40 × 10 −06). In addition, the ICR(TD) and ILCR have estimated the same order of inhalation cancer risk for both groups. Conclusion: In the SMS, cancer risk levels were estimated in the acceptable range (1 × 10 −06-1 × 10 −05) of life carcinogenic risk for the commuters, provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, Cr and Ni were identified as significant contributors to inhalation cancer risks with 58% and 39% of total risk level, respectively for teen and adult. 1. Introduction Underground rail commuting is a key mode of transportation in South Korea, with more than 8 million commuters using the Seoul Metropolitan Subway (SMS) daily (Kwon et al., 2015). However, subway passengers often suffer from the effects of indoor air

Atmospheric Research, 2018

The percentage contribution of trans-boundary mercury (Hg) from China at different locations in S... more The percentage contribution of trans-boundary mercury (Hg) from China at different locations in South Korea was estimated from Hg anthropogenic emission distributions using the Hg dispersion model, CMAQ-Hg. This investigation quantifies the trans-boundary Hg emissions as contribution ratios. In addition, the long-range transportation frequency is also calculated, to verify inflow cases from China. The seasonal distribution of the Hg contribution ratio was found to be highest in winter (40%), followed by fall (16%). Seasonal observations of Hg inflow frequencies were estimated as 40%, 25%, 21%, and 4% in winter, fall, summer, and spring, respectively, at the same location. Such results would be produced by the wind generally blowing from the west and northwest with a speed of 5.0 m/s and 4.5 m/s, respectively, during winter and fall, around the study area. This study made an effort to quantify the trans-boundary Hg transport and to plot Hg anthropogenic emissions distribution in the region.

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 27, 2017

Particulate-bound poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their mutagenicit... more Particulate-bound poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity effect on human health. In this context, identification, quantification and inhalation cancer risk (ICR) assessment due to PM10- and PM2.5-bound PAHs has been carried out at six monitoring stations in a critically polluted Jharia coalfield/Dhanbad City. Identification of pollution sources at study area has been performed by using PCA statistical methods. Air quality index (AQI) and air quality health index (AQHI) were calculated based on the concentration levels of PM10. Location-wise direct comparison between AQI, AQHI and ICR was performed to analyse the risk levels. Consequently, maximum concentration levels of particulate (PM2.5 and PM10)-bound total PAHs (400 and 482 ng/m(3)) were recorded at the monitoring station Lodna Thana, followed by Bank More and Sijua Stadium, respectively. It was also observed that mine fire-affected station Lodna Thana was exaggerated...

Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016

Source apportionment study of PM 10 (Particulate Matter) in a critically polluted area of Jharia ... more Source apportionment study of PM 10 (Particulate Matter) in a critically polluted area of Jharia coalfield, India has been carried out using Dispersion model, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) techniques. Dispersion model Atmospheric Dispersion Model (AERMOD) was introduced to simplify the complexity of sources in Jharia coalfield. PCA and CMB analysis indicates that monitoring stations near the mining area were mainly affected by the emission from open coal mining and its associated activities such as coal transportation, loading and unloading of coal. Mine fire emission also contributed a considerable amount of particulate matters in monitoring stations. Locations in the city area were mostly affected by vehicular, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) & Diesel Generator (DG) set emissions, residential, and commercial activities. The experimental data sampling and their analysis could aid understanding how dispersion based model technique along with receptor model based concept can be strategically used for quantitative analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic sources of PM 10 .

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015

Identification of responsible sources of pollution using physical parameter particulate matter (P... more Identification of responsible sources of pollution using physical parameter particulate matter (PM) 10 in a critically polluted area is discussed in this paper. Database was generated by Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) with respect to PM 10 and PM 2.5 in 18 monitoring stations at Jharia coalfield as per the siting criteria (IS: 5182, Part XIV) during 2011 to 2012. Identification of the probable sources of PM 10 was carried out through particle size, shape, morphology analysis (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), suitable compounds (X-ray diffraction (XRD)) and elements (energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)). Monitoring stations nearby opencast mine were affected by the big-sized and irregular-shaped particles; on the other hand, monitoring stations nearby city were affected by the small-sized and regular-shaped particles. In a city area, additional sources like diesel generator (DG) set, construction activities, coal burning, etc., were identified. Blistering effects were also observed in the particles from mine fire-affected areas. Using the X-ray diffraction technique, presence of FeS 2 , CuO, FeSO 4 and CuSO 4 compounds was observed, which indicates the effects of mine fire on particulate emission due to presence of SO 4 2− and S 2− ions.

Current World Environment, 2015

India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also... more India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is falling in the Lower Gondwana Coalfields of India. The area of the JCF is about 450 km2. It is important for the major supply of precious coking coal required for steel plants in India. It is located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state of India, The latitude is 23° 39' to 23° 48' N and longitude is 86° 11' to 86° 27' E for the Jharia coalfield. Based on environmental parameters, all the 103 mines of BCCL have been grouped under 17 Clusters. A cluster consists of a group of mines with mine lease boundary lying in close vicin...

Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2015

When exposed to air, coal catches fire due to selfoxidation. Coal mine fire is one of the major s... more When exposed to air, coal catches fire due to selfoxidation. Coal mine fire is one of the major sources of particulate matter (PM) emissions in coal mining areas. Coal mine is widespread in India with Jharia Coalfield having a number of coal seams and coal dumps under fire. The understanding of magnitude and character of particulate matter emitted from coal mine fire areas is important in order to understand its health impacts, about which not many studies have been carried out. The paper presents findings of a study aimed to characterize physical and chemical properties of airborne respirable particle (PM 10) in the fire-affected area at Jharia Coalfield, India. The study was carried out for a period of 8 months from October 2011 to June 2012. The mean concentrations of PM 10 were 338.0, 369.0, and 357.0 μg m −3 during summer, winter, and post-monsoon, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of rounded, spherical, and oval formed particulate in ambient air that is characteristics of combustion sources. Dominance of irregular-shaped particulate in all samples indicated road dust as the source. Abundance of fine PM (<4 mm) indicated burning process to be the source. For the Bqualitative analysis,^techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used. Chemical analysis shows the presence of elements like Fe,

Science of The Total Environment

Atmospheric Pollution Research

Abstract This study analyzed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PM10-and PM2.5-bound ... more Abstract This study analyzed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PM10-and PM2.5-bound trace metals, using exposure pathways, in a critically polluted coal mining area, the Jharia coalfield (JCF), India. The human health risks were calculated via ingestion (ing), inhalation (inh), and dermal (derm) absorption in adults and children. The cancer risks (CR) were evaluated as Total CR, CRinh, CRing, and CRderm, and the non-cancer risks as the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The obtained CR levels were verified using the incremental lifetime cancer risk for inhalation exposure and Monte Carlo simulations for all exposure pathways. The HQinh and HI were found to be significant (>1) for both PM10 and PM2.5 at all 18 monitoring stations that were selected for this study. The Total CR for PM10 was estimated to be maximum in the city near the mine-fire area (3.67 × 10−2), followed by the mine-fire area (2.26 × 10−2), while that for PM2.5 was highest at the core mining area (1.06 × 10−2), followed by the city adjacent to the mine-fire area (8.85 × 10−3). The Total CR and CR for all individual exposures were not only found to be significant (>10−6), but also exceeded the acceptable CR levels (1.00 × 10−6- 1.00 × 10−4). Consequently, the study area fell in the high (10−3≤ to