deep singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by deep singh
Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2020
Recently, the application of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) as actuators is g... more Recently, the application of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) as actuators is gaining huge importance. SMA-based actuators are light in weight and provide higher work/mass. SMA undergoes simple actuation process such as Joule heating. Nitinol (NiTi) SMA can restore larger strains as compared to others. It can serve as active prismatic joint to provide linear motion in various robotic manipulators. The study correlates the deflection of (a) single NiTi spring and (b) series-connected NiTi springs with input parameters (time and current) to understand its behavioural complexity. The study revealed that the rate of NiTi spring contraction is dependent on time and current. To predict the actuation motion, several regression models were developed. This study defined the feasible current range for the actuation of NiTi spring based on contraction rate and precision. The contraction rate for single NiTi spring differs from the series connection of two NiTi springs which results a new set of polynomial regression model. The developed mathematical models can help control the smart actuation-based planar parallel robotic manipulators.
SN Applied Sciences, 2021
The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously be... more The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously because of its various desirable characteristics such as low weight, lower inertia and higher stiffness. Higher accelerations and accuracies can be achieved in planar parallel manipulators. Also, shape memory alloy restoration technique (SMART)-based linear actuators are replacing huge and bulky linear actuators. This study presents the kinematic design of smart linearly actuated family of U-shape base planar parallel robotic manipulator. With the aid of solid modelling software, different available configurations were modelled and their workspace was analysed. The developed 3-DOF motion stages (18 unique configurations) were fabricated using fused deposition modelling process, and the top three configurations having higher workspace were further experimented. It is interesting to observe that the actual or experimental workspace of a particular manipulator configuration is further minimis...
Procedia Manufacturing, 2021
Circularity is one of the frequently observed features in manufacturing industry. Most of the com... more Circularity is one of the frequently observed features in manufacturing industry. Most of the components manufactured are unions of the fundamental shapes, one of which is the circle. Due to very close tolerances, micro and nano-sized components' manufacturing serves a very challenging task. Slight variance in the manufactured component can lead to incorrect assembly and inefficient system performance. Hence, the roundness evaluation of any circular component is important. The present article proposes a novel algorithm to evaluate the roundness error based on the minimum zone circle (MZC) concept. The proposed algorithm is an iterative field search technique. Compared to the existing approaches, the proposed method is very effective in determining the roundness error. Furthermore, it also performed well both on uniformly and nonuniformly spaced data. The results show that it is simple, robust and flexible enough to vary the search field area for better computational efficiency.
MAUSAM, 2021
High-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and dust storms, are aspects of a changing clim... more High-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and dust storms, are aspects of a changing climate that are likely to have an adverse effect on society. A number of such severe weather events struck Delhi and adjoining areas during the months of April, May and June of the year 2018. Three events observed during May-June have been analyzed using observations from C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) and ground based Global Navigational Satellite (GNSS) receiving system installed at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi. Here, an attempt has been made to study the data regarding these unusual events from DWR observations especially of polarimetric nature and cross verify it with the data obtained from GNSS receiving system. Reflectivity of more than 60 dbZ was observed in all the events by the DWR system except on 9 June when a squall line formed with maximum reflectivity around 54 dBZ and the wind velocity increased upto 120 knots on the same date on few occasions and generally varie...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Economic Load Dispatch is very vital research in generation of electrical power system. It is met... more Economic Load Dispatch is very vital research in generation of electrical power system. It is method by which we can make a plan of the preeminent achievable output of a number of generators power units so that to meet the domestic, industrial agriculture load demand at minimum possible cost, while satisfy all transmissions loss and operational constraints. This research paper tries to present the relevance of particle swarm optimization technique for the mathematical formulation of Economic load dispatch problem using soft computing technique in power generation system considering various parameters like load demand, physical and generation system constraints.
Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 2021
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021
The study presents the design and fabrication of the Android applicationbased robotic grass cutte... more The study presents the design and fabrication of the Android applicationbased robotic grass cutter. A smartphone is used as remote, and it is able to control the movement of four omni wheels to perform grass cutting operation with the smooth movement of the cutter installed on the system. This apparatus composed of five DC motors, two motor drivers, an Arduino board, a Bluetooth module and a battery. The DC motor aligned vertically, compounded with a blade, cuts the rough grass as the robot moves in a particular direction. Remaining four DC motors are connected to the four wheels of the robotic grass cutter vehicle providing three planar motion, i.e., motion along x-axis, y-axis and rotation about z-axis. The direction of rotation of these motors can be controlled by the Arduino board. The battery supplies power to the motors. Bluetooth module is used as a transmitter as well as a receiver to follow up the input/output signals from the Android phone to the Arduino board controller. As the mobile remote sends input data to the Arduino, the motors are driven accordingly by the motor drivers. Thus, the remote is able to move the grass cutter in all the directions in the plane like forward, backward, diagonal motion and can also turn around. The mobile-operated grass cutter presented here is a very convenient robotic device which is simple in assembly and construction. It is employed to maintain and conserve the lawns in gardens, schools and colleges etc. Design is intended to be simple and effective thereby making grass cutting inexpensive.
Since 1991, the Government of India started the process of privatization which is based on the ar... more Since 1991, the Government of India started the process of privatization which is based on the argument that private ownership establishes the market for corporate control by allowing the tradability of property rights and therefore improves the quality of management. In 2002 by introducing the Competition Act, the Government has provided full freedom to the private sector to expand and grow. At this background, the paper analyses the impact of public and private ownership on the performance of a firm by using the data of five different industrial categories for the period of ten year, 2006 to 2015. For this purpose, panel data regression (fixed and random effects) models have been applied. From this study, a mixture of evidences has been emerged regarding the impact of ownership structure on profitability. Out of five, in two industries, public sector firms are reported with significantly high profitability against their private counterparts. Private sector firms have significantly...
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021
This paper presents an assessment of the comparison of three-degree-of-freedom 2PRP-PPR planar pa... more This paper presents an assessment of the comparison of three-degree-of-freedom 2PRP-PPR planar parallel robotic manipulator (x, y, \(\theta_{z}\) motion stage) with other standard planar parallel manipulators such as 3PPR U-base, 3PPR delta (Δ)-base and 3RRR in respect of static structural stiffness, optimal kinematic design and dynamic performances. Adams/View, a multibody dynamics software, has been utilized to analyze the kinematic and dynamic performance of the motion stage. Analysis of static stiffness has been performed and compared by the joint space Jacobian method along with the matrix structural analysis method. Also, static stiffness was verified through NASTRAN, a standard finite element software. The findings of numerical simulation conclude that the 3PPR U-base configuration and the proposed 2PRP-PPR manipulator possess a number of favorable optimum design characteristics such as good isotropy, better manipulability, better dynamic performances (power, energy), higher ...
In this article, we present RGB image encryption and decryption using random matrix affine cipher... more In this article, we present RGB image encryption and decryption using random matrix affine cipher (RMAC) associated with discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and random matrix shift cipher (RMSC). The parameters in RMAC and RMSC phases act as two series of secret keys whose arrangement is imperative in the proposed algorithm. The computer simulations with results and examples are given to analyze the efficiency of the proposed approach. Further, security analysis and comparison with the prior techniques successfully supports the robustness and validation of the proposed technique.
Journal of Modern Optics, 2021
Security issues are at its peak by the expanding pace of innovation and the utilization of intera... more Security issues are at its peak by the expanding pace of innovation and the utilization of interactive media over the internet. To overcome such security issues, cryptography, steganography and watermarking methods are utilized eventually. In this work, we have fabricated a lossless cryptographic technique for image encryption using random matrix affine cipher (RMAC) associated with the chaotic maps of 2D Hénon (HN) and logistic. The method gives multi-layer security to forestall unauthorized access during transmission over the public networks. This method of encryption is fast with a high throughput of correlated data and works efficiently when compared to some available existing schemes. Numerical simulations and performance analysis insured the security, validation and stalwartness of the presented scheme. Further, the proposed scheme can be efficiently used in practice for secure transmission in wireless applications and small system devices.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Optik, 2020
Abstract In the current era of digital communication, the security of data transmitted relies hea... more Abstract In the current era of digital communication, the security of data transmitted relies heavily on cryptographic algorithms. Transmission of digital images through an insecure channel is liable for various types of cryptanalytic attacks. Therefore, there is a strong need for efficient encryption algorithms to protect data from adversaries. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique of color image encryption and decryption using chaos theory and algebra. The algorithm is designed by using two stages of affine Hill cipher (AHC) over SL m ( F p ) and M m ( F p ) domains, before and next to two-dimensional discrete chaotic Henon map. The non-linear nature, high sensitiveness to its parameters, and initial conditions, the Henon map employs complex permutations. The diffusion is achieved by the affine Hill cipher technique to dissipate the statistical structure. The proposed system is not only key-dependent but their arrangement is fundamental, therefore, the cryptanalyst cannot hack the system by knowing only the key parameters. Simulation results and performance analysis are presented to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed technique. Further, the security analysis describes that the system is robust against diverse cryptanalytic attacks and the comparison reveals that the proposed cryptosystem outperforms some existing and traditional encryption techniques.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Potato is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops in India and on an average this cr... more Potato is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops in India and on an average this crop is affected by weeds damage which should be prevented by various control methods. Cultural operations and mulches are non-chemical methods of weed control in sustainable agricultural systems. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chemical and non-chemical control methods on weeds and yield of potato crop. Field experiments were conducted during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Research Farm College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments were as follows: 1) white plastic mulch, 2) black plastic mulch, 3) straw mulching after 5 DAP as 5 t/ha, 4) one hand weeding at 20 DAP + straw mulching at 25 DAP, 5) two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAP, 6) one hand hoeing at 20 DAP, 7) one hand hoeing at 20 DAP + one hand weeding at 40 DAP, 8) Recommended herbicide (metribuzin 500 g/ha), 9) Recommended herbicide (metribuzin 500 g/ha) + one hand weeding at 40 DAP and 10) Weedy check. Based on results, all treatments were affected by weed control methods. At 60 DAP the highest weeds density was counted as 567.83 plants/m 2 of weedy check treatment. The two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAP deceased weed density 86% as compared to weedy check. The hoeing at 20 DAP with one hand weeding at 40 DAP and straw mulching with one hand weeding were also deceased weeds density around 75% comparing to weedy check. However, at harvest stage weed biomass in the treatments of white and black plastic mulch compared to the weed infested treatment had the highest weeds biomass around 46% in both. The lowest weed biomass was observed in two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAP by 19.22% after the weedy check. It can be concluded that, the two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAP and straw mulching with one hand weeding can provide more proper control of weeds compared to the use of herbicides and the use of straw mulches reduces the use of herbicides.
Neurological Research, 2016
Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2020
Recently, the application of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) as actuators is g... more Recently, the application of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) as actuators is gaining huge importance. SMA-based actuators are light in weight and provide higher work/mass. SMA undergoes simple actuation process such as Joule heating. Nitinol (NiTi) SMA can restore larger strains as compared to others. It can serve as active prismatic joint to provide linear motion in various robotic manipulators. The study correlates the deflection of (a) single NiTi spring and (b) series-connected NiTi springs with input parameters (time and current) to understand its behavioural complexity. The study revealed that the rate of NiTi spring contraction is dependent on time and current. To predict the actuation motion, several regression models were developed. This study defined the feasible current range for the actuation of NiTi spring based on contraction rate and precision. The contraction rate for single NiTi spring differs from the series connection of two NiTi springs which results a new set of polynomial regression model. The developed mathematical models can help control the smart actuation-based planar parallel robotic manipulators.
SN Applied Sciences, 2021
The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously be... more The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously because of its various desirable characteristics such as low weight, lower inertia and higher stiffness. Higher accelerations and accuracies can be achieved in planar parallel manipulators. Also, shape memory alloy restoration technique (SMART)-based linear actuators are replacing huge and bulky linear actuators. This study presents the kinematic design of smart linearly actuated family of U-shape base planar parallel robotic manipulator. With the aid of solid modelling software, different available configurations were modelled and their workspace was analysed. The developed 3-DOF motion stages (18 unique configurations) were fabricated using fused deposition modelling process, and the top three configurations having higher workspace were further experimented. It is interesting to observe that the actual or experimental workspace of a particular manipulator configuration is further minimis...
Procedia Manufacturing, 2021
Circularity is one of the frequently observed features in manufacturing industry. Most of the com... more Circularity is one of the frequently observed features in manufacturing industry. Most of the components manufactured are unions of the fundamental shapes, one of which is the circle. Due to very close tolerances, micro and nano-sized components' manufacturing serves a very challenging task. Slight variance in the manufactured component can lead to incorrect assembly and inefficient system performance. Hence, the roundness evaluation of any circular component is important. The present article proposes a novel algorithm to evaluate the roundness error based on the minimum zone circle (MZC) concept. The proposed algorithm is an iterative field search technique. Compared to the existing approaches, the proposed method is very effective in determining the roundness error. Furthermore, it also performed well both on uniformly and nonuniformly spaced data. The results show that it is simple, robust and flexible enough to vary the search field area for better computational efficiency.
MAUSAM, 2021
High-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and dust storms, are aspects of a changing clim... more High-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and dust storms, are aspects of a changing climate that are likely to have an adverse effect on society. A number of such severe weather events struck Delhi and adjoining areas during the months of April, May and June of the year 2018. Three events observed during May-June have been analyzed using observations from C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) and ground based Global Navigational Satellite (GNSS) receiving system installed at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi. Here, an attempt has been made to study the data regarding these unusual events from DWR observations especially of polarimetric nature and cross verify it with the data obtained from GNSS receiving system. Reflectivity of more than 60 dbZ was observed in all the events by the DWR system except on 9 June when a squall line formed with maximum reflectivity around 54 dBZ and the wind velocity increased upto 120 knots on the same date on few occasions and generally varie...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Economic Load Dispatch is very vital research in generation of electrical power system. It is met... more Economic Load Dispatch is very vital research in generation of electrical power system. It is method by which we can make a plan of the preeminent achievable output of a number of generators power units so that to meet the domestic, industrial agriculture load demand at minimum possible cost, while satisfy all transmissions loss and operational constraints. This research paper tries to present the relevance of particle swarm optimization technique for the mathematical formulation of Economic load dispatch problem using soft computing technique in power generation system considering various parameters like load demand, physical and generation system constraints.
Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 2021
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021
The study presents the design and fabrication of the Android applicationbased robotic grass cutte... more The study presents the design and fabrication of the Android applicationbased robotic grass cutter. A smartphone is used as remote, and it is able to control the movement of four omni wheels to perform grass cutting operation with the smooth movement of the cutter installed on the system. This apparatus composed of five DC motors, two motor drivers, an Arduino board, a Bluetooth module and a battery. The DC motor aligned vertically, compounded with a blade, cuts the rough grass as the robot moves in a particular direction. Remaining four DC motors are connected to the four wheels of the robotic grass cutter vehicle providing three planar motion, i.e., motion along x-axis, y-axis and rotation about z-axis. The direction of rotation of these motors can be controlled by the Arduino board. The battery supplies power to the motors. Bluetooth module is used as a transmitter as well as a receiver to follow up the input/output signals from the Android phone to the Arduino board controller. As the mobile remote sends input data to the Arduino, the motors are driven accordingly by the motor drivers. Thus, the remote is able to move the grass cutter in all the directions in the plane like forward, backward, diagonal motion and can also turn around. The mobile-operated grass cutter presented here is a very convenient robotic device which is simple in assembly and construction. It is employed to maintain and conserve the lawns in gardens, schools and colleges etc. Design is intended to be simple and effective thereby making grass cutting inexpensive.
Since 1991, the Government of India started the process of privatization which is based on the ar... more Since 1991, the Government of India started the process of privatization which is based on the argument that private ownership establishes the market for corporate control by allowing the tradability of property rights and therefore improves the quality of management. In 2002 by introducing the Competition Act, the Government has provided full freedom to the private sector to expand and grow. At this background, the paper analyses the impact of public and private ownership on the performance of a firm by using the data of five different industrial categories for the period of ten year, 2006 to 2015. For this purpose, panel data regression (fixed and random effects) models have been applied. From this study, a mixture of evidences has been emerged regarding the impact of ownership structure on profitability. Out of five, in two industries, public sector firms are reported with significantly high profitability against their private counterparts. Private sector firms have significantly...
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021
This paper presents an assessment of the comparison of three-degree-of-freedom 2PRP-PPR planar pa... more This paper presents an assessment of the comparison of three-degree-of-freedom 2PRP-PPR planar parallel robotic manipulator (x, y, \(\theta_{z}\) motion stage) with other standard planar parallel manipulators such as 3PPR U-base, 3PPR delta (Δ)-base and 3RRR in respect of static structural stiffness, optimal kinematic design and dynamic performances. Adams/View, a multibody dynamics software, has been utilized to analyze the kinematic and dynamic performance of the motion stage. Analysis of static stiffness has been performed and compared by the joint space Jacobian method along with the matrix structural analysis method. Also, static stiffness was verified through NASTRAN, a standard finite element software. The findings of numerical simulation conclude that the 3PPR U-base configuration and the proposed 2PRP-PPR manipulator possess a number of favorable optimum design characteristics such as good isotropy, better manipulability, better dynamic performances (power, energy), higher ...
In this article, we present RGB image encryption and decryption using random matrix affine cipher... more In this article, we present RGB image encryption and decryption using random matrix affine cipher (RMAC) associated with discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and random matrix shift cipher (RMSC). The parameters in RMAC and RMSC phases act as two series of secret keys whose arrangement is imperative in the proposed algorithm. The computer simulations with results and examples are given to analyze the efficiency of the proposed approach. Further, security analysis and comparison with the prior techniques successfully supports the robustness and validation of the proposed technique.
Journal of Modern Optics, 2021
Security issues are at its peak by the expanding pace of innovation and the utilization of intera... more Security issues are at its peak by the expanding pace of innovation and the utilization of interactive media over the internet. To overcome such security issues, cryptography, steganography and watermarking methods are utilized eventually. In this work, we have fabricated a lossless cryptographic technique for image encryption using random matrix affine cipher (RMAC) associated with the chaotic maps of 2D Hénon (HN) and logistic. The method gives multi-layer security to forestall unauthorized access during transmission over the public networks. This method of encryption is fast with a high throughput of correlated data and works efficiently when compared to some available existing schemes. Numerical simulations and performance analysis insured the security, validation and stalwartness of the presented scheme. Further, the proposed scheme can be efficiently used in practice for secure transmission in wireless applications and small system devices.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Optik, 2020
Abstract In the current era of digital communication, the security of data transmitted relies hea... more Abstract In the current era of digital communication, the security of data transmitted relies heavily on cryptographic algorithms. Transmission of digital images through an insecure channel is liable for various types of cryptanalytic attacks. Therefore, there is a strong need for efficient encryption algorithms to protect data from adversaries. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique of color image encryption and decryption using chaos theory and algebra. The algorithm is designed by using two stages of affine Hill cipher (AHC) over SL m ( F p ) and M m ( F p ) domains, before and next to two-dimensional discrete chaotic Henon map. The non-linear nature, high sensitiveness to its parameters, and initial conditions, the Henon map employs complex permutations. The diffusion is achieved by the affine Hill cipher technique to dissipate the statistical structure. The proposed system is not only key-dependent but their arrangement is fundamental, therefore, the cryptanalyst cannot hack the system by knowing only the key parameters. Simulation results and performance analysis are presented to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed technique. Further, the security analysis describes that the system is robust against diverse cryptanalytic attacks and the comparison reveals that the proposed cryptosystem outperforms some existing and traditional encryption techniques.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Potato is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops in India and on an average this cr... more Potato is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops in India and on an average this crop is affected by weeds damage which should be prevented by various control methods. Cultural operations and mulches are non-chemical methods of weed control in sustainable agricultural systems. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chemical and non-chemical control methods on weeds and yield of potato crop. Field experiments were conducted during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Research Farm College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments were as follows: 1) white plastic mulch, 2) black plastic mulch, 3) straw mulching after 5 DAP as 5 t/ha, 4) one hand weeding at 20 DAP + straw mulching at 25 DAP, 5) two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAP, 6) one hand hoeing at 20 DAP, 7) one hand hoeing at 20 DAP + one hand weeding at 40 DAP, 8) Recommended herbicide (metribuzin 500 g/ha), 9) Recommended herbicide (metribuzin 500 g/ha) + one hand weeding at 40 DAP and 10) Weedy check. Based on results, all treatments were affected by weed control methods. At 60 DAP the highest weeds density was counted as 567.83 plants/m 2 of weedy check treatment. The two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAP deceased weed density 86% as compared to weedy check. The hoeing at 20 DAP with one hand weeding at 40 DAP and straw mulching with one hand weeding were also deceased weeds density around 75% comparing to weedy check. However, at harvest stage weed biomass in the treatments of white and black plastic mulch compared to the weed infested treatment had the highest weeds biomass around 46% in both. The lowest weed biomass was observed in two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAP by 19.22% after the weedy check. It can be concluded that, the two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAP and straw mulching with one hand weeding can provide more proper control of weeds compared to the use of herbicides and the use of straw mulches reduces the use of herbicides.
Neurological Research, 2016