efrem degneh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by efrem degneh
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, Feb 1, 2023
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) a... more A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) and dry (February 2020) seasons in Jimma Horoo district, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 720 blood samples were examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear techniques. The packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal was determined. The overall bovine trypanosomosis prevalence was 4.3% (χ 2 = 1.25, P = 0.26). The prevalence was 5% (95% CI = 4.1-8.3) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.7-6.3) in the dry and rainy reasons, respectively (P > 0.05). Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. b. brucei were detected in (60%), (33.3%) and (6.7%) of infected cattle, respectively. The highest trypanosome prevalence was observed in Burka Gudina (7.6%), and the lowest in Melka Nega village (2.1%). There were significant variations between trypanosome prevalence in relation to body condition scores (χ 2 = 23.16; P = 0.0.00) of examined cattle. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between seasons, age, and sex categories of cattle. The PCV values of trypanosome infected (22.94%) was significantly lower than non-infected cattle (26.47%) (χ 2 = 19.60; (P < 0.05). The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Jimma Horo district was low and it can be controlled by treatment of infected cattle using sanative pairs of trypanocidal drugs with additional application of deltamethrin pouron in the dry season. Further, in view of poor sensitivity of buffy coat technique used the use of molecular techniques should be encouraged.
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2021
Bovine trypanosomosis remains an important livestock disease constraint, which is threatening liv... more Bovine trypanosomosis remains an important livestock disease constraint, which is threatening livestock health and production, despite ongoing tsetse and trypanosomosis control efforts in Sadi Chanka district, Kellem Wollega zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018, to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and distribution of the vectors of disease in Sadi Chanka district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from randomly selected local Horro and Abigar cattle breeds covering five villages of the district. The collected samples were examined using buffy coat microscopy and Giemsa-stained thin blood smear techniques. In this study, 12.4% (95% CI: 12.3-12.4) of the animals were found to be infected with trypanosomes. The study showed that 69.6% of trypanosome infections were caused by T. congolense followed by 26.1% T. vivax and 4.3% mixed T. congolense and T. vivax. In the present study, the association of bovine trypanosomosis was assessed in releation to body condition scores, sex, and age of cattle, and a significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between body condition scores. However, significant differences were not observed between sex and age categories (P > 0.05). The Mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of infected (21.6%) and non-infected (24.5%) groups of cattle had significant variation (P < 0.05). In an entomological survey, a total of 616 flies were trapped, of which 280 (45.5%) were Glossina and the remaining 336 (54.5%) were Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota was 3.5, 3.1, 0.7 and 0.4 fly per trap per day, respectively. This study generated basic scientific data on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in Sadi Chanka district, which can be used in planning the control of bovine trypanosomosis in the area.
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2017
Astract: The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2012 to estimate the prevalence of bo... more Astract: The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2012 to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis, investigate the effect of parasitemia on packed cell volume (PCV) and determine tsetse fly density by using Giemsa stained thin blood smears examination and deployment of monopyramidal traps in selected peasant associations of Bure district, Western Ethiopia. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was 6.1% (34/560). Trypanosoma conglence was identified to be the major cause of the disease accounting for 61.77% of the total infections observed followed by T.vivax 35.3% and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (2.9%). From the expected risk factors, origin, sex and body condition of the animal were not found to influence the prevalence of the disease (P>0.05) but, a significant association was obtained between the mean PCV and infection rate (P<0.05). The mean PCV was lower (16.5%) in parasitemic animal as compared to aparasat...
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 2021
A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2018 in four purposively selected villages of B... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2018 in four purposively selected villages of Bedele district, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and associated risk factors of trypanosome infections in cattle. A total of 384 blood samples were collected from systematically selected cattle and examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear examination methods. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 8.3%. Trypanosoma congolense (68.8%) and T. vivax (31.2%) were the prevailing trypanosome species identified in the area. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between body condition scores of cattle. The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was slightly higher in female (9%) as opposed to male (7.3%) cattle, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant difference (P ...
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports
The present study was conducted from December, 2016 to April 2017 in Gidami and Sayo Districts of... more The present study was conducted from December, 2016 to April 2017 in Gidami and Sayo Districts of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to assess the farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practices toward the control of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors. In this survey, a total of 100 farmers were interviewed, of which 50 were from Gidami and 50 from Sayo districts. Based on the questionnaire survey, all of the respondents from Gidami and Sayo district indicated that, trypanosomosis as the major important disease of livestock health and production causing considerable direct and indirect economic losses. Tsetse flies (Glossina) were known to most of the farmers as it was shown that, 87% of the respondents knew and have observed in the field. However, 13% of the respondents did not know tsetse flies. Diminazene aceturate and Isometamidium chloride are the commonly used drugs to treat trypanosomosis in both study districts. The p...
Preventive Veterinary Medicine
International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
A cross sectional study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Sayo district of Kellem Wollega... more A cross sectional study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Sayo district of Kellem Wollega zone, Western Oromia Region, during early dry (December, 2016) and early rainy (June, 2017) seasons employing parasitological blood examination and survey of vectors. A total of 860 representative blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and examined using standard methods of parasitological examination techniques. Accordingly, the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was found to be 11.16%. The species of trypanosomes encountered include Trypanosoma congolense (52.10%) followed by T. vivax (32.30%), T. brucei (10.40%) and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (5.20%). The seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 15.11% and 7.20% in early dry and early rainy seasons, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between low land (13.8%) and mid land altitude (8.5%). Similarly, there was also a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between poor body conditioned cattle compared to both medium and good categories. On the contrary, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between different sex categories. The mean PCV value of trypanosome infected animals was (22.94% ± 0.15%) compared to non infected groups (26.47 ± 0.35%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). As part of survey of vectors of bovine trypanosomosis a total of 1575 flies were caught during the study period. The findings encountered revealed that 807 (51.24%), 667 (43.35%) and 101(6.41%) were Stomoxys, Glossina and Tabanus respectively. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxys and Tabanus were 4.16, 5.04 and 0.63 f/t/d, respectively. The present study disclosed that despite vector control implementation practices in the study area, bovine trypanosomosis still remain to be a core problem. Therefore, the current control strategies being implemented in the study area should be further assessed and consideration of integrated trypanosomosis and vector control approaches should be instituted.
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, Feb 1, 2023
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) a... more A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) and dry (February 2020) seasons in Jimma Horoo district, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 720 blood samples were examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear techniques. The packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal was determined. The overall bovine trypanosomosis prevalence was 4.3% (χ 2 = 1.25, P = 0.26). The prevalence was 5% (95% CI = 4.1-8.3) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.7-6.3) in the dry and rainy reasons, respectively (P > 0.05). Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. b. brucei were detected in (60%), (33.3%) and (6.7%) of infected cattle, respectively. The highest trypanosome prevalence was observed in Burka Gudina (7.6%), and the lowest in Melka Nega village (2.1%). There were significant variations between trypanosome prevalence in relation to body condition scores (χ 2 = 23.16; P = 0.0.00) of examined cattle. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between seasons, age, and sex categories of cattle. The PCV values of trypanosome infected (22.94%) was significantly lower than non-infected cattle (26.47%) (χ 2 = 19.60; (P < 0.05). The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Jimma Horo district was low and it can be controlled by treatment of infected cattle using sanative pairs of trypanocidal drugs with additional application of deltamethrin pouron in the dry season. Further, in view of poor sensitivity of buffy coat technique used the use of molecular techniques should be encouraged.
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2021
Bovine trypanosomosis remains an important livestock disease constraint, which is threatening liv... more Bovine trypanosomosis remains an important livestock disease constraint, which is threatening livestock health and production, despite ongoing tsetse and trypanosomosis control efforts in Sadi Chanka district, Kellem Wollega zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018, to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and distribution of the vectors of disease in Sadi Chanka district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from randomly selected local Horro and Abigar cattle breeds covering five villages of the district. The collected samples were examined using buffy coat microscopy and Giemsa-stained thin blood smear techniques. In this study, 12.4% (95% CI: 12.3-12.4) of the animals were found to be infected with trypanosomes. The study showed that 69.6% of trypanosome infections were caused by T. congolense followed by 26.1% T. vivax and 4.3% mixed T. congolense and T. vivax. In the present study, the association of bovine trypanosomosis was assessed in releation to body condition scores, sex, and age of cattle, and a significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between body condition scores. However, significant differences were not observed between sex and age categories (P > 0.05). The Mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of infected (21.6%) and non-infected (24.5%) groups of cattle had significant variation (P < 0.05). In an entomological survey, a total of 616 flies were trapped, of which 280 (45.5%) were Glossina and the remaining 336 (54.5%) were Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota was 3.5, 3.1, 0.7 and 0.4 fly per trap per day, respectively. This study generated basic scientific data on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in Sadi Chanka district, which can be used in planning the control of bovine trypanosomosis in the area.
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2017
Astract: The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2012 to estimate the prevalence of bo... more Astract: The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2012 to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis, investigate the effect of parasitemia on packed cell volume (PCV) and determine tsetse fly density by using Giemsa stained thin blood smears examination and deployment of monopyramidal traps in selected peasant associations of Bure district, Western Ethiopia. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was 6.1% (34/560). Trypanosoma conglence was identified to be the major cause of the disease accounting for 61.77% of the total infections observed followed by T.vivax 35.3% and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (2.9%). From the expected risk factors, origin, sex and body condition of the animal were not found to influence the prevalence of the disease (P>0.05) but, a significant association was obtained between the mean PCV and infection rate (P<0.05). The mean PCV was lower (16.5%) in parasitemic animal as compared to aparasat...
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 2021
A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2018 in four purposively selected villages of B... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2018 in four purposively selected villages of Bedele district, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and associated risk factors of trypanosome infections in cattle. A total of 384 blood samples were collected from systematically selected cattle and examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear examination methods. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 8.3%. Trypanosoma congolense (68.8%) and T. vivax (31.2%) were the prevailing trypanosome species identified in the area. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between body condition scores of cattle. The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was slightly higher in female (9%) as opposed to male (7.3%) cattle, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant difference (P ...
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports
The present study was conducted from December, 2016 to April 2017 in Gidami and Sayo Districts of... more The present study was conducted from December, 2016 to April 2017 in Gidami and Sayo Districts of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to assess the farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practices toward the control of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors. In this survey, a total of 100 farmers were interviewed, of which 50 were from Gidami and 50 from Sayo districts. Based on the questionnaire survey, all of the respondents from Gidami and Sayo district indicated that, trypanosomosis as the major important disease of livestock health and production causing considerable direct and indirect economic losses. Tsetse flies (Glossina) were known to most of the farmers as it was shown that, 87% of the respondents knew and have observed in the field. However, 13% of the respondents did not know tsetse flies. Diminazene aceturate and Isometamidium chloride are the commonly used drugs to treat trypanosomosis in both study districts. The p...
Preventive Veterinary Medicine
International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
A cross sectional study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Sayo district of Kellem Wollega... more A cross sectional study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Sayo district of Kellem Wollega zone, Western Oromia Region, during early dry (December, 2016) and early rainy (June, 2017) seasons employing parasitological blood examination and survey of vectors. A total of 860 representative blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and examined using standard methods of parasitological examination techniques. Accordingly, the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was found to be 11.16%. The species of trypanosomes encountered include Trypanosoma congolense (52.10%) followed by T. vivax (32.30%), T. brucei (10.40%) and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (5.20%). The seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 15.11% and 7.20% in early dry and early rainy seasons, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between low land (13.8%) and mid land altitude (8.5%). Similarly, there was also a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between poor body conditioned cattle compared to both medium and good categories. On the contrary, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between different sex categories. The mean PCV value of trypanosome infected animals was (22.94% ± 0.15%) compared to non infected groups (26.47 ± 0.35%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). As part of survey of vectors of bovine trypanosomosis a total of 1575 flies were caught during the study period. The findings encountered revealed that 807 (51.24%), 667 (43.35%) and 101(6.41%) were Stomoxys, Glossina and Tabanus respectively. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxys and Tabanus were 4.16, 5.04 and 0.63 f/t/d, respectively. The present study disclosed that despite vector control implementation practices in the study area, bovine trypanosomosis still remain to be a core problem. Therefore, the current control strategies being implemented in the study area should be further assessed and consideration of integrated trypanosomosis and vector control approaches should be instituted.