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To achieve the objective it is decided to design the geometry of the gutter in the first stage so... more To achieve the objective it is decided to design the geometry of the gutter in the first stage so as to provide self cleaning velocity even at low discharges. Then the structural design of gutter will be taken up in the second stage. Finally its cost of construction will be taken up.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------... more ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Many researchers have already found it potential to use copper scum as a concrete combination, as a result of copper scum has similar particle size characteristics seemingly to it of sand. Fine grained powder of copper scum is used as a supplementary cementing material to concrete and in cement clinker production. though there area unit several studies that are reported by investigators from alternative countries on the employment of copper scum in cement concrete, not abundant analysis has been meted out in India regarding the incorporation of copper scum in concrete. This study was performed to come up with specific experimental knowledge on the potential use ofcopper scum as sand replacement in concrete. This study work chiefly consists of 2 main elements. Concrete was wont to verify numerous mechanical properties. 1st a part of the thesis consists of work sand by copper scum in concrete for determinant strength properties. For sand replacement, seven check teams (including management mixture) were legitimate with replacement of third (control specimen), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, eightieth and 100% copper scum with sand in every series. Concrete cubes were solid and tested in laboratories. The optimum proportion of replacement was found by conducting Compressive and split lastingness. Similarly the second a part of the thesis, assessment of corrosion and sturdiness studies were incorporated. Since copper scum contains quite fifty fifth of Fe2O3 content, corrosion and sturdiness factors area unit necessary to seek out . so seven concrete mixtures were legitimate with replacement of third to 100% of copper scum with sand in concrete. Acid and resistance check, inaudible pulse rate (UPV) check, Initial surface absorption check, Capillary suction check were conducted to assess corrosion and sturdiness characteristics. The compressive strength of concrete was determined to be increase by regarding sevenmember and split lastingness of concrete by nineteen.3% at four-hundredth replacement of copper scum once twenty eight days of solidifying. There was quite twenty.59% and 12.69% improvement within the compressive and split lastingness of cement mortars with fourhundredth copper scum substitution compared with the management mixture (i.e.100% sand) at twenty eight days of solidifying. the sturdiness and corrosion properties of concrete with 40-50% replacement of copper scum showed higher results compared to manage concrete. it had been found that copper scum within the vary of 40-50% might probably replace sand in concrete mixture and in cement mortars to attain strength and sturdiness needs.
Solid waste management is one of the most important techniques in today's global manufacturin... more Solid waste management is one of the most important techniques in today's global manufacturing scenario. This project is done in view of utilizing the waste in an efficient manner for constructive purpose under eco friendly environmental conditions. In this study, the fine and coarse aggregates were completely replaced by fly ash aggregates in fly ash concrete .a mix design was done for M20 grade of concrete by IS method. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was selected and fly ash aggregates were prepared by mixing fly ash with cement and water. The properties of fly ash fine aggregates and fly ash coarse aggregates were studied. The aggregate crushing value and aggregate impact value of fly ash coarse aggregates were also studied. The cement and fly ash proportions of 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 were tried with a suitable water content of 20% by total weight to get the fly ash aggregates. The concrete cubes, cylinders and beams were cast with the fly ash aggregates obtained from t...
To achieve the objective it is decided to design the geometry of the gutter in the first stage so... more To achieve the objective it is decided to design the geometry of the gutter in the first stage so as to provide self cleaning velocity even at low discharges. Then the structural design of gutter will be taken up in the second stage. Finally its cost of construction will be taken up.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------... more ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Many researchers have already found it potential to use copper scum as a concrete combination, as a result of copper scum has similar particle size characteristics seemingly to it of sand. Fine grained powder of copper scum is used as a supplementary cementing material to concrete and in cement clinker production. though there area unit several studies that are reported by investigators from alternative countries on the employment of copper scum in cement concrete, not abundant analysis has been meted out in India regarding the incorporation of copper scum in concrete. This study was performed to come up with specific experimental knowledge on the potential use ofcopper scum as sand replacement in concrete. This study work chiefly consists of 2 main elements. Concrete was wont to verify numerous mechanical properties. 1st a part of the thesis consists of work sand by copper scum in concrete for determinant strength properties. For sand replacement, seven check teams (including management mixture) were legitimate with replacement of third (control specimen), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, eightieth and 100% copper scum with sand in every series. Concrete cubes were solid and tested in laboratories. The optimum proportion of replacement was found by conducting Compressive and split lastingness. Similarly the second a part of the thesis, assessment of corrosion and sturdiness studies were incorporated. Since copper scum contains quite fifty fifth of Fe2O3 content, corrosion and sturdiness factors area unit necessary to seek out . so seven concrete mixtures were legitimate with replacement of third to 100% of copper scum with sand in concrete. Acid and resistance check, inaudible pulse rate (UPV) check, Initial surface absorption check, Capillary suction check were conducted to assess corrosion and sturdiness characteristics. The compressive strength of concrete was determined to be increase by regarding sevenmember and split lastingness of concrete by nineteen.3% at four-hundredth replacement of copper scum once twenty eight days of solidifying. There was quite twenty.59% and 12.69% improvement within the compressive and split lastingness of cement mortars with fourhundredth copper scum substitution compared with the management mixture (i.e.100% sand) at twenty eight days of solidifying. the sturdiness and corrosion properties of concrete with 40-50% replacement of copper scum showed higher results compared to manage concrete. it had been found that copper scum within the vary of 40-50% might probably replace sand in concrete mixture and in cement mortars to attain strength and sturdiness needs.
Solid waste management is one of the most important techniques in today's global manufacturin... more Solid waste management is one of the most important techniques in today's global manufacturing scenario. This project is done in view of utilizing the waste in an efficient manner for constructive purpose under eco friendly environmental conditions. In this study, the fine and coarse aggregates were completely replaced by fly ash aggregates in fly ash concrete .a mix design was done for M20 grade of concrete by IS method. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was selected and fly ash aggregates were prepared by mixing fly ash with cement and water. The properties of fly ash fine aggregates and fly ash coarse aggregates were studied. The aggregate crushing value and aggregate impact value of fly ash coarse aggregates were also studied. The cement and fly ash proportions of 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 were tried with a suitable water content of 20% by total weight to get the fly ash aggregates. The concrete cubes, cylinders and beams were cast with the fly ash aggregates obtained from t...