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Papers by dhinu yadav

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central ... more The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle. There are a number of ways to interact plant viruses with their arthropod host including both non-persistent and circulatory transmission, among all some viruses require arthropod vector cells for replication. Plant viruses in the insect host, replicating viruses can also evoke latent as well as adaptive defensive responses. One consistent feature is that the virus interaction with its vector of insects involves complex molecular interactions between virus and host, usually via proteins. Through interfering with virus uptake and transmission, understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin strategies to protect plants from infection. This review provide a perspective focused on described novel research methods and their promotion for controlling plant viruses by simple understanding and identifying molecular interactions between viruses and insects. We also draw parallels with molecular interactions in animal virus insect vectors, and consider technical advances that may be more widely applicable to plant virus vectors for their control.

International journal of chemical studies, May 1, 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate the long term effect of zero-tillage practices on phy... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the long term effect of zero-tillage practices on physicochemical properties of soil at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth under rice-wheat cropping system in Karnal. Soil texture was loamy at Karnal sampling sites and results of the study revealed that pH, EC and BD (bulk density) was not significantly affected by zero-tillage (ZT) practices. On adopting ZT, soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.49 to 0.52% at surface soil and 0.41 to 0.43% at sub-surface soil in comparison to CT. More available N, P, K, and total N were recorded in surface soil samples under zero tillage as compared to conventional system, however, C:N ratio was observed to be slightly affected by this management practice. Therefore, the ZT practices resulting, improved SOC, can be suitable for improving productivity and soil health under the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS).

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Apr 1, 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation differs considerably in respect of soil type, temperatur... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation differs considerably in respect of soil type, temperature, pH, organic matter, moisture regime, etc. Among these, rising atmospheric temperature due to global warming is most important as it affects grain yield drastically. Studies have shown that for every 1°C rise in temperature above wheat's optimal growing temperature range of 20-25°C, there is a decrease in 2.8 days and 1.5 mg in the grain filling period and kernel weight, respectively, resulting in wheat yield reduction by 4-6 quintal per hectare. Growing demand for food and multidimensional issues of global warming may further push wheat crop to heat stress environments that can substantially affect heading duration, percent grain setting, maturity duration, grain growth rate and ultimately total grain yield. Considerable genetic variation exists in wheat gene pool with respect to various attributes associated with high temperature and stress tolerance; however, only about 15% of the genetic variability could be incorporated into cultivated wheat so far. Thus, alternative strategies have to be explored and implemented for sustainable, more productive and environment friendly agriculture. One of the feasible and environment friendly option is to look at microorganisms that reside inside the plant without adversely affecting its growth, known as 'endophytes', and these colonize virtually all plant organs such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and grains. The relationship between plant and endophytes is vital to the plant health, productivity and overall survival under abiotic stress conditions. Thus, it becomes imperative to enlist the endophytes (bacterial and fungal) isolated till date from wheat cultivars, their mechanism of ingression and establishment inside plant organs, genes involved in ingression, the survival advantages they confer to the plant under abiotic stress conditions and the potential benefits of their use in sustainable wheat cultivation.

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Oct 6, 2020

The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil may be modified by long-term tillage ... more The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil may be modified by long-term tillage practices and crop-rotations. the tillage system, may also affect soil properties under various climatic conditions. in present investigation, soil microbial diversity at different depths was studied in long term tillage experiment continued since 1997-98 (pearl millet-wheat), 2000-01 (sorghum-wheat) and 2015-16 (mungbean-wheat) that was carried out in sandy loam textured soil at hisar (haryana) during 2017-18, with 20 years of zero tillage (Zt) under sorghum-wheat, 17 years under pearl millet-wheat and 2 years under mungbean-wheat cropping system, respectively. Adoption of Zt practice positively affected soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity and viable counts of microbes. so, indicating that Zt is an effective measure to improve the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil that may lead to improved soil health along with enhanced crop productivity.

Arid Land Research and Management

PLOS ONE

One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use effici... more One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (<40%). To address this issue, researchers have repeatedly underlined the need for greater emphasis on the development and promotion of energy efficient, and environmentally sound novel fertilizers, in addition to improved agronomic management to augment nutrient use efficiency for restoring soil fertility and increasing farm profit. Hence, a fixed plot field experiment was conducted to assess the economic and environmental competency of conventional fertilizers with and without nano-urea (novel fertilizer) in two predominant cropping systems viz., maize-wheat and pearl millet-mustard under semi-arid regions of India. Result indicates that the supply of 75% recommended N with conventional fertilizer along with nano-urea spray (N75PK+nano-urea) reduced the energy requirement by ~8–11% and increased energy use efficiency by ~6–9% over 100% nitrogen through prilled urea fertilizer (...

Agricultural Research Journal, 2016

Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethan... more Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethanol by yeast. Lignin degrading fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju removed 35.1% lignin from paddy straw at 40 days incubation. Hydrolysis of biologically treated paddy straw with cellulase enzyme loaded at 5 FPU/g substrate at 50°C resulted in about 119 mg/g sugar release. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in production of 2.0% ethanol after 72 h incubation at 30°C.

Conservation agriculture based tillage practices mainly zero-tillage (ZT) considered as major com... more Conservation agriculture based tillage practices mainly zero-tillage (ZT) considered as major component of sustainable agriculture that involves reducing the tillage operations retaining at coast 30% of plant parts/crop-residues at the soil surface and including crop-rotation in the existing cropping system. More research is needed for better understanding of tillage effects on soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties. Thus, the impact of two tillage systems: no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) with different crop-rotations i.e. Conventional Tillage Wheat-Conventional Tillage Pearlmillet (CTW-CTPM), Conventional Tillage Wheat-Zero Tillage Pearlmillet (CTW-ZTPM), Zero Tillage WheatConventional Tillage Pearlmillet (ZTW-CTPM) and Zero Tillage Wheat-Zero Tillage Pearlmillet (ZTW-ZTPM) on physicochemical and functional diversity of soil was evaluated in the present investigation at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station (RRS) at Bawal during 2014 year. After harvesting o...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Agricultural Research Journal, 2016

Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethan... more Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethanol by yeast. Lignin degrading fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju removed 35.1% lignin from paddy straw at 40 days incubation. Hydrolysis of biologically treated paddy straw with cellulase enzyme loaded at 5 FPU/g substrate at 50°C resulted in about 119 mg/g sugar release. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in production of 2.0% ethanol after 72 h incubation at 30°C.

The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central ... more The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle. There are a number of ways to interact plant viruses with their arthropod host including both non-persistent and circulatory transmission, among all some viruses require arthropod vector cells for replication. Plant viruses in the insect host, replicating viruses can also evoke latent as well as adaptive defensive responses. One consistent feature is that the virus interaction with its vector of insects involves complex molecular interactions between virus and host, usually via proteins. Through interfering with virus uptake and transmission, understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin strategies to protect plants from infection. This review provide a perspective focused on described novel research methods and their promotion for controlling plant viruses by simple understanding and identifying molecular interactions bet...

Journal of Applied Microbiology

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

International Journal of Chemical Studies

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central ... more The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle. There are a number of ways to interact plant viruses with their arthropod host including both non-persistent and circulatory transmission, among all some viruses require arthropod vector cells for replication. Plant viruses in the insect host, replicating viruses can also evoke latent as well as adaptive defensive responses. One consistent feature is that the virus interaction with its vector of insects involves complex molecular interactions between virus and host, usually via proteins. Through interfering with virus uptake and transmission, understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin strategies to protect plants from infection. This review provide a perspective focused on described novel research methods and their promotion for controlling plant viruses by simple understanding and identifying molecular interactions between viruses and insects. We also draw parallels with molecular interactions in animal virus insect vectors, and consider technical advances that may be more widely applicable to plant virus vectors for their control.

International journal of chemical studies, May 1, 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate the long term effect of zero-tillage practices on phy... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the long term effect of zero-tillage practices on physicochemical properties of soil at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth under rice-wheat cropping system in Karnal. Soil texture was loamy at Karnal sampling sites and results of the study revealed that pH, EC and BD (bulk density) was not significantly affected by zero-tillage (ZT) practices. On adopting ZT, soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.49 to 0.52% at surface soil and 0.41 to 0.43% at sub-surface soil in comparison to CT. More available N, P, K, and total N were recorded in surface soil samples under zero tillage as compared to conventional system, however, C:N ratio was observed to be slightly affected by this management practice. Therefore, the ZT practices resulting, improved SOC, can be suitable for improving productivity and soil health under the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS).

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Apr 1, 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation differs considerably in respect of soil type, temperatur... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation differs considerably in respect of soil type, temperature, pH, organic matter, moisture regime, etc. Among these, rising atmospheric temperature due to global warming is most important as it affects grain yield drastically. Studies have shown that for every 1°C rise in temperature above wheat's optimal growing temperature range of 20-25°C, there is a decrease in 2.8 days and 1.5 mg in the grain filling period and kernel weight, respectively, resulting in wheat yield reduction by 4-6 quintal per hectare. Growing demand for food and multidimensional issues of global warming may further push wheat crop to heat stress environments that can substantially affect heading duration, percent grain setting, maturity duration, grain growth rate and ultimately total grain yield. Considerable genetic variation exists in wheat gene pool with respect to various attributes associated with high temperature and stress tolerance; however, only about 15% of the genetic variability could be incorporated into cultivated wheat so far. Thus, alternative strategies have to be explored and implemented for sustainable, more productive and environment friendly agriculture. One of the feasible and environment friendly option is to look at microorganisms that reside inside the plant without adversely affecting its growth, known as 'endophytes', and these colonize virtually all plant organs such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and grains. The relationship between plant and endophytes is vital to the plant health, productivity and overall survival under abiotic stress conditions. Thus, it becomes imperative to enlist the endophytes (bacterial and fungal) isolated till date from wheat cultivars, their mechanism of ingression and establishment inside plant organs, genes involved in ingression, the survival advantages they confer to the plant under abiotic stress conditions and the potential benefits of their use in sustainable wheat cultivation.

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Oct 6, 2020

The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil may be modified by long-term tillage ... more The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil may be modified by long-term tillage practices and crop-rotations. the tillage system, may also affect soil properties under various climatic conditions. in present investigation, soil microbial diversity at different depths was studied in long term tillage experiment continued since 1997-98 (pearl millet-wheat), 2000-01 (sorghum-wheat) and 2015-16 (mungbean-wheat) that was carried out in sandy loam textured soil at hisar (haryana) during 2017-18, with 20 years of zero tillage (Zt) under sorghum-wheat, 17 years under pearl millet-wheat and 2 years under mungbean-wheat cropping system, respectively. Adoption of Zt practice positively affected soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity and viable counts of microbes. so, indicating that Zt is an effective measure to improve the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil that may lead to improved soil health along with enhanced crop productivity.

Arid Land Research and Management

PLOS ONE

One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use effici... more One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (<40%). To address this issue, researchers have repeatedly underlined the need for greater emphasis on the development and promotion of energy efficient, and environmentally sound novel fertilizers, in addition to improved agronomic management to augment nutrient use efficiency for restoring soil fertility and increasing farm profit. Hence, a fixed plot field experiment was conducted to assess the economic and environmental competency of conventional fertilizers with and without nano-urea (novel fertilizer) in two predominant cropping systems viz., maize-wheat and pearl millet-mustard under semi-arid regions of India. Result indicates that the supply of 75% recommended N with conventional fertilizer along with nano-urea spray (N75PK+nano-urea) reduced the energy requirement by ~8–11% and increased energy use efficiency by ~6–9% over 100% nitrogen through prilled urea fertilizer (...

Agricultural Research Journal, 2016

Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethan... more Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethanol by yeast. Lignin degrading fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju removed 35.1% lignin from paddy straw at 40 days incubation. Hydrolysis of biologically treated paddy straw with cellulase enzyme loaded at 5 FPU/g substrate at 50°C resulted in about 119 mg/g sugar release. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in production of 2.0% ethanol after 72 h incubation at 30°C.

Conservation agriculture based tillage practices mainly zero-tillage (ZT) considered as major com... more Conservation agriculture based tillage practices mainly zero-tillage (ZT) considered as major component of sustainable agriculture that involves reducing the tillage operations retaining at coast 30% of plant parts/crop-residues at the soil surface and including crop-rotation in the existing cropping system. More research is needed for better understanding of tillage effects on soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties. Thus, the impact of two tillage systems: no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) with different crop-rotations i.e. Conventional Tillage Wheat-Conventional Tillage Pearlmillet (CTW-CTPM), Conventional Tillage Wheat-Zero Tillage Pearlmillet (CTW-ZTPM), Zero Tillage WheatConventional Tillage Pearlmillet (ZTW-CTPM) and Zero Tillage Wheat-Zero Tillage Pearlmillet (ZTW-ZTPM) on physicochemical and functional diversity of soil was evaluated in the present investigation at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station (RRS) at Bawal during 2014 year. After harvesting o...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Agricultural Research Journal, 2016

Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethan... more Biologically treated paddy straw was hydrolysed using commercial cellulase and fermented to ethanol by yeast. Lignin degrading fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju removed 35.1% lignin from paddy straw at 40 days incubation. Hydrolysis of biologically treated paddy straw with cellulase enzyme loaded at 5 FPU/g substrate at 50°C resulted in about 119 mg/g sugar release. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in production of 2.0% ethanol after 72 h incubation at 30°C.

The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central ... more The acquisition and transmission of most plant-pathogenic viruses by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle. There are a number of ways to interact plant viruses with their arthropod host including both non-persistent and circulatory transmission, among all some viruses require arthropod vector cells for replication. Plant viruses in the insect host, replicating viruses can also evoke latent as well as adaptive defensive responses. One consistent feature is that the virus interaction with its vector of insects involves complex molecular interactions between virus and host, usually via proteins. Through interfering with virus uptake and transmission, understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin strategies to protect plants from infection. This review provide a perspective focused on described novel research methods and their promotion for controlling plant viruses by simple understanding and identifying molecular interactions bet...

Journal of Applied Microbiology

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

International Journal of Chemical Studies