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Physica Medica, Dec 1, 2022
Neuro-oncology, Sep 1, 2022
Radiotherapy and Oncology
Anticancer Research, 2018
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2016
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequenc... more Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequency lower than 100 Hz and magnetic field intensity ranging from 0.1 to 20 mT. For many years, the use of magnetotherapy in clinics has been increasing because of its beneficial effects in many processes, e.g., skin diseases, inflammation and bone disorders. However, the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms governing such processes is still lacking and the results of the studies on the effects of ELF-EMFs are controversial because effects derive from different conditions and from intrinsic responsiveness of different cell types.In the present study, we studied the biological effects of 1.5 h exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to EMFs with frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz and intensity between 0.25 and 1.6 mT. Our data showed that the magnetic treatment did not produce changes in cell viability, but gave evidence of a sizeable decrease in proliferation at 24 h after treatment. In addition, immunofluorescence experiments displayed an increase in tubulin expression that could foreshadow changes in cell motility or morphology. The decrease in proliferation with unchanged viability and increase in tubulin expression could be consistent with the triggering of a transdifferentiation process after the exposure to ELF-EMFs.
Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia
Sono stati valutati i parametri fisici indicatori della sicurezza di impiego di un’apparecchiatur... more Sono stati valutati i parametri fisici indicatori della sicurezza di impiego di un’apparecchiatura ad emissione di radiofrequenza bipolare per uso estetico. In osservanza delle direttive nazionali ed europee, sono stati valutati i livelli di emissione ambientale del campo elettromagnetico, la corrente indotta negli arti dell’operatore, l’esposizione dell’operatore, il Rateo di Assorbimento Specifico (SAR) del campo a radiofrequenza nei tessuti trattati. Le misurazioni sono state effettuate con sensori isotropici e misuratore di correnti indotte. I risultati delle misurazioni hanno evidenziato ottimi livelli di sicurezza dell’apparecchiatura sia per l’ambiente che per l’operatore e per il paziente, pur rendendone incompatibile l’utilizzo con portatori di pace-makers, neurostimolatori e altri dispositivi che presidiano a funzioni vitali.
The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine: official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR)
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging
La Radiologia medica
To evaluate the changes in response of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent diluted in ... more To evaluate the changes in response of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent diluted in saline solution at different concentrations when different scanning techniques, and saline solution temperatures and pH were used. A series of tests was devised to analyse the behaviour of the sonographic contrast agent at different concentrations, temperatures, pH and scanning techniques. Latex balloons were used as phantoms. These were filled with 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution mixed with a suspension of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles stabilised with phospholipids (SonoVue ) and scanned with the harmonic imaging technique at low acoustic pressure. For each image obtained, we calculated the mean grey-scale level values and the standard deviations of grey-scale level were calculated within a ROI on the US images obtained; the resulting data were used to create echogenicity curves of UCA the echo-enhancer over time at the different conditions tested. We noted that SonoVue maintains adeq...
Anticancer research, 2012
Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of primary brain tumour, remains an unsolved clinic... more Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of primary brain tumour, remains an unsolved clinical problem. A great deal of work has been done in an effort to understand the biology and genetics of glioblastoma multiforme, but clinically effective treatments remain elusive. It is well known that malignant gliomas develop resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In this review we evaluated the literature data regarding therapeutic progress for the treatment of astrocytic tumours, focusing our attention on new frontiers for glioblastoma. The research studies performed in in vitro and in vivo models show that the application of hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles is safe and could be a promising tool in the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Our efforts are focused towards new fields of research, for example nanomedicine and the study of the uptake and cytotoxic effects of magnetic nanoparticles. The improvement of the quality of life of patients, by increasing their survival rat...
Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia
The authors assessed the operating safety physical parameters of a bipolar radiofrequency device ... more The authors assessed the operating safety physical parameters of a bipolar radiofrequency device for aesthetic purposes. According to both Italian and EU guidelines, the authors considered: magnetic field environmental emission levels, electricity induced in the opertator's limbs, operator's exposure and radiofrequency specific absorbance rate (SAR) in treated tissues. Measurements were carried out with isotropic sensors and an inductive current indicator. Results pointed out excellent safety levels regarding environment, operators and patients as well, although such radiofrequency equipment cannot be used on patients with pacemakers, neurostimulators and other vital function controlling devices.
Anticancer research, 2014
Late oral mucosa changes after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer have been poorly studied. Th... more Late oral mucosa changes after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer have been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine long-term effects of radiotherapy on oral mucosa using exfoliative oral cytology. Fifty patients with cancer were enrolled, five of whom in order to validate microscopic analysis. Smears were collected at programmed visit; a score was used to rank possible cytological alterations. Presence of inflammation was also microscopically described and compared to blood count tests. Epithelial cells revealed a peculiar 'folding' phenotype, not related to chemotherapy, total dose, or to the effective dose delivered to mucosa. Inflammation described was related to the score for 'folding' cells; moreover, score decreased in the presence of a higher lymphocyte count, while it was not altered by neutrophil count. We suggest application of exfoliative cytology to study radiation injury and the variability of individual response of oral mucosa to radiation.
BioMed Research International, 2014
The success of chemo- and radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal pri... more The success of chemo- and radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal primary brain tumour, could rely on the induction of immunogenic tumour cell death and on the induction of anticancer immune response. In this study we investigated cell survival to single treatments or combination of X-rays and temozolomide in glioblastoma cell lines (T98G and U251MG) and we attempted to identify danger signals (HMGB1 and HSP70) released by dying cells in the microenvironment that could activate antitumour immunity contributing to the therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. Our data suggest that HSP70 translocates from cytoplasm to extracellular environment after an increase in radiation dose and HMGB1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently is released into the extracellular space, confirming a role of these proteins as signals released after radiation-induced damage in glioblastoma cells. We also could state that TMZ had limited effective...
Radiation Research, 2011
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy based on thermal-neutron irradiatio... more Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy based on thermal-neutron irradiation of cells enriched with (10)B, which produces α particles and (7)Li ions of short range and high biological effectiveness. The selective uptake of boron by tumor cells is a crucial issue for BNCT, and studies of boron uptake and washout associated with cell survival studies can be of great help in developing clinical applications. In this work, boron uptake and washout were characterized both in vitro for the DHDK12TRb (DHD) rat colon carcinoma cell line and in vivo using rats bearing liver metastases from DHD cells. Despite a remarkable uptake, a large boron release was observed after removal of the boron-enriched medium from in vitro cell cultures. However, analysis of boron washout after rat liver perfusion in vivo did not show a significant boron release, suggesting that organ perfusion does not limit the therapeutic effectiveness of the treatment. The survival of boron-loaded cells exposed to thermal neutrons was also assessed; the results indicated that the removal of extracellular boron does not limit treatment effectiveness if adequate amounts of boron are delivered and if the cells are kept at low temperature. Cell survival was also investigated theoretically using a mechanistic model/Monte Carlo code originally developed for radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and extended here to cell death; good agreement between simulation outcomes and experimental data was obtained.
Physica Medica, Dec 1, 2022
Neuro-oncology, Sep 1, 2022
Radiotherapy and Oncology
Anticancer Research, 2018
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2016
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequenc... more Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequency lower than 100 Hz and magnetic field intensity ranging from 0.1 to 20 mT. For many years, the use of magnetotherapy in clinics has been increasing because of its beneficial effects in many processes, e.g., skin diseases, inflammation and bone disorders. However, the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms governing such processes is still lacking and the results of the studies on the effects of ELF-EMFs are controversial because effects derive from different conditions and from intrinsic responsiveness of different cell types.In the present study, we studied the biological effects of 1.5 h exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to EMFs with frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz and intensity between 0.25 and 1.6 mT. Our data showed that the magnetic treatment did not produce changes in cell viability, but gave evidence of a sizeable decrease in proliferation at 24 h after treatment. In addition, immunofluorescence experiments displayed an increase in tubulin expression that could foreshadow changes in cell motility or morphology. The decrease in proliferation with unchanged viability and increase in tubulin expression could be consistent with the triggering of a transdifferentiation process after the exposure to ELF-EMFs.
Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia
Sono stati valutati i parametri fisici indicatori della sicurezza di impiego di un’apparecchiatur... more Sono stati valutati i parametri fisici indicatori della sicurezza di impiego di un’apparecchiatura ad emissione di radiofrequenza bipolare per uso estetico. In osservanza delle direttive nazionali ed europee, sono stati valutati i livelli di emissione ambientale del campo elettromagnetico, la corrente indotta negli arti dell’operatore, l’esposizione dell’operatore, il Rateo di Assorbimento Specifico (SAR) del campo a radiofrequenza nei tessuti trattati. Le misurazioni sono state effettuate con sensori isotropici e misuratore di correnti indotte. I risultati delle misurazioni hanno evidenziato ottimi livelli di sicurezza dell’apparecchiatura sia per l’ambiente che per l’operatore e per il paziente, pur rendendone incompatibile l’utilizzo con portatori di pace-makers, neurostimolatori e altri dispositivi che presidiano a funzioni vitali.
The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine: official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR)
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging
La Radiologia medica
To evaluate the changes in response of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent diluted in ... more To evaluate the changes in response of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent diluted in saline solution at different concentrations when different scanning techniques, and saline solution temperatures and pH were used. A series of tests was devised to analyse the behaviour of the sonographic contrast agent at different concentrations, temperatures, pH and scanning techniques. Latex balloons were used as phantoms. These were filled with 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution mixed with a suspension of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles stabilised with phospholipids (SonoVue ) and scanned with the harmonic imaging technique at low acoustic pressure. For each image obtained, we calculated the mean grey-scale level values and the standard deviations of grey-scale level were calculated within a ROI on the US images obtained; the resulting data were used to create echogenicity curves of UCA the echo-enhancer over time at the different conditions tested. We noted that SonoVue maintains adeq...
Anticancer research, 2012
Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of primary brain tumour, remains an unsolved clinic... more Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of primary brain tumour, remains an unsolved clinical problem. A great deal of work has been done in an effort to understand the biology and genetics of glioblastoma multiforme, but clinically effective treatments remain elusive. It is well known that malignant gliomas develop resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In this review we evaluated the literature data regarding therapeutic progress for the treatment of astrocytic tumours, focusing our attention on new frontiers for glioblastoma. The research studies performed in in vitro and in vivo models show that the application of hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles is safe and could be a promising tool in the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Our efforts are focused towards new fields of research, for example nanomedicine and the study of the uptake and cytotoxic effects of magnetic nanoparticles. The improvement of the quality of life of patients, by increasing their survival rat...
Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia
The authors assessed the operating safety physical parameters of a bipolar radiofrequency device ... more The authors assessed the operating safety physical parameters of a bipolar radiofrequency device for aesthetic purposes. According to both Italian and EU guidelines, the authors considered: magnetic field environmental emission levels, electricity induced in the opertator's limbs, operator's exposure and radiofrequency specific absorbance rate (SAR) in treated tissues. Measurements were carried out with isotropic sensors and an inductive current indicator. Results pointed out excellent safety levels regarding environment, operators and patients as well, although such radiofrequency equipment cannot be used on patients with pacemakers, neurostimulators and other vital function controlling devices.
Anticancer research, 2014
Late oral mucosa changes after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer have been poorly studied. Th... more Late oral mucosa changes after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer have been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine long-term effects of radiotherapy on oral mucosa using exfoliative oral cytology. Fifty patients with cancer were enrolled, five of whom in order to validate microscopic analysis. Smears were collected at programmed visit; a score was used to rank possible cytological alterations. Presence of inflammation was also microscopically described and compared to blood count tests. Epithelial cells revealed a peculiar 'folding' phenotype, not related to chemotherapy, total dose, or to the effective dose delivered to mucosa. Inflammation described was related to the score for 'folding' cells; moreover, score decreased in the presence of a higher lymphocyte count, while it was not altered by neutrophil count. We suggest application of exfoliative cytology to study radiation injury and the variability of individual response of oral mucosa to radiation.
BioMed Research International, 2014
The success of chemo- and radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal pri... more The success of chemo- and radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal primary brain tumour, could rely on the induction of immunogenic tumour cell death and on the induction of anticancer immune response. In this study we investigated cell survival to single treatments or combination of X-rays and temozolomide in glioblastoma cell lines (T98G and U251MG) and we attempted to identify danger signals (HMGB1 and HSP70) released by dying cells in the microenvironment that could activate antitumour immunity contributing to the therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. Our data suggest that HSP70 translocates from cytoplasm to extracellular environment after an increase in radiation dose and HMGB1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently is released into the extracellular space, confirming a role of these proteins as signals released after radiation-induced damage in glioblastoma cells. We also could state that TMZ had limited effective...
Radiation Research, 2011
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy based on thermal-neutron irradiatio... more Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy based on thermal-neutron irradiation of cells enriched with (10)B, which produces α particles and (7)Li ions of short range and high biological effectiveness. The selective uptake of boron by tumor cells is a crucial issue for BNCT, and studies of boron uptake and washout associated with cell survival studies can be of great help in developing clinical applications. In this work, boron uptake and washout were characterized both in vitro for the DHDK12TRb (DHD) rat colon carcinoma cell line and in vivo using rats bearing liver metastases from DHD cells. Despite a remarkable uptake, a large boron release was observed after removal of the boron-enriched medium from in vitro cell cultures. However, analysis of boron washout after rat liver perfusion in vivo did not show a significant boron release, suggesting that organ perfusion does not limit the therapeutic effectiveness of the treatment. The survival of boron-loaded cells exposed to thermal neutrons was also assessed; the results indicated that the removal of extracellular boron does not limit treatment effectiveness if adequate amounts of boron are delivered and if the cells are kept at low temperature. Cell survival was also investigated theoretically using a mechanistic model/Monte Carlo code originally developed for radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and extended here to cell death; good agreement between simulation outcomes and experimental data was obtained.