dixit parmar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by dixit parmar

Research paper thumbnail of Rate of Formation of Industrial Lubricant Additive Precursors from Maleic Anhydride and Polyisobutylene

Organic Process Research & Development

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive cyclisations of lactones using SmI2 and H2O

Carbonyl reduction is a fundamental transformation that underpins synthetic chemistry. The re-rou... more Carbonyl reduction is a fundamental transformation that underpins synthetic chemistry. The re-routing of carbonyl reduction through less-conventional intermediates allows new selectivity and reactivity to be found in the resulting reaction space. We have shown for the first time that the unusual radical anions formed by electron transfer to the ester carbonyl group can be exploited in additions to alkenes. We have demonstrated that the reductive cyclisations of lactones, triggered by electron-transfer from SmI2-H2O, allow for highly decorated cyclopentane and cycloheptane ring systems to be constructed. Futhermore, the reductive cyclisations of lactones can be exploited in cyclisation cascades. The cascade sequences involve the generation and trapping of unusual radical anions formed from the ester carbonyl followed by the trapping of more conventional radical anions from the carbonyl groups of ketone intermediates.

Research paper thumbnail of Addition and Correction to Complete Field Guide to Asymmetric BINOL-Phosphate Derived Brønsted Acid and Metal Catalysis: History and Classification by Mode of Activation; Brønsted Acidity, Hydrogen Bonding, Ion Pairing, and Metal Phosphates

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Generated Imine Intermediates

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix B: Overview of Phosphoric Acids (PA)

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix D: Overview of SPINOL Phosphoric Acids (SPA)

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Alkenes

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Imines

Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix A: Catalyst Frequency

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Other Substrates

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Carbonyls

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis

Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reduction of Lactones with Samarium Iodide

Research paper thumbnail of Complete Field Guide to Asymmetric BINOL-Phosphate Derived Brønsted Acid and Metal Catalysis: History and Classification by Mode of Activation; Brønsted Acidity, Hydrogen Bonding, Ion Pairing, and Metal Phosphates

Research paper thumbnail of Mild and metal-free oxy- and amino-fluorination for the synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), Jan 21, 2014

A mild intramolecular fluoro-cyclisation reaction of benzylic alcohols and amines has been develo... more A mild intramolecular fluoro-cyclisation reaction of benzylic alcohols and amines has been developed. This strategy uses commercially available Selectfluor to trigger electrophilic cyclisations to afford fluorinated heterocycles containing 1,3-disubstitution. The dual role of the reagent as a fluorine source and a base is shown to be crucial for reactivity.

Research paper thumbnail of Lactone Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Mediated by SmI2–H2O

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012

Unsaturated lactones undergo reductive radical cyclizations upon treatment with SmI(2)-H(2)O to g... more Unsaturated lactones undergo reductive radical cyclizations upon treatment with SmI(2)-H(2)O to give decorated cycloheptanes in a single highly selective operation during which up to three contiguous stereocenters are generated. Furthermore, cascade processes involving lactones bearing two alkenes, an alkene and an alkyne, or an allene and an alkene allow "one-pot" access to biologically significant molecular scaffolds with the construction of up to four contiguous stereocenters. The cyclizations proceed by the trapping of radical anions formed by electron transfer reduction of the lactone carbonyl.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive Cyclization Cascades of Lactones Using SmI2−H2O

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011

A dissertation submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by R... more A dissertation submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by Research in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 Kieran Richard Price School of Chemistry 2.7. SmI2-H2O cyclisations of di-substituted lactones 2.8. Synthesis of 'Substituted' class 2 cyclisation substrates 2.9. SmI2-H2O cyclisation of 'substituted' class 2 cyclisation substrates 2.10. Product stereochemistry and the mechanism of the cyclisations 2.11. Introduction to cascade cyclisations 2.12. Preparation of cascade cyclisation substrates 2.13 Cascade cyclisations reactions Chapter 3: Conclusion and Future Work 3.1. Areas of Future research Chapter 4: Experimental 4.1. General experimental 4.2. Preparation of Samarium Diiodide 4.3. Experimental Procedures References Declaration No portion of the work referred to in the thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive cyclization caused by cobaloxime. I. A new method for the synthesis of .beta.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactones

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1982

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael-Henry Reaction: Enantioselective Access to Bicycles with Consecutive Quaternary Centers by Using Bifunctional Catalysts

Chemistry - A European Journal, 2010

The use of domino and cascade reactions provides a powerful tool in organic synthetic chemistry. ... more The use of domino and cascade reactions provides a powerful tool in organic synthetic chemistry. The possibility of forming several bonds in one step without isolating the intermediates, changing the reaction conditions, or adding reagents reduces the production costs and simplifies processes. [1] Performing these reactions, for instance, in the presence of chiral organocatalyst complex structures can be obtained with high stereoselectivities. [2] In line with our latest studies towards the development of different asymmetric cascade and domino reactions using organocatalysts, such as chiral Brønsted acids [3] and prolinol derivatives, [4] we became interested in exploring a new enantioselective domino reaction of 1,2-diones with nitroalkenes which would lead to unprecedented polyfunctionalized bicycles. We assumed that the 1,2-diones would undergo a Michael addition to the nitroalkenes, followed by an intramolecular Henry reaction [5] to afford multifunctionalized bicycles containing four stereogenic centers of which two can be neighboring quaternary centers [Eq. (1)]. Initially we proposed a Brønsted base catalyzed activation of the 1,2-dione which would result in the formation of the enolic tautomer of the dione and thus the nucleophilicity of this substrate should be enhanced. Therefore, we started our experimental investigations by reacting cyclohexa-1,2-dione 7 with the b-nitrostyrene (8 a), employing catalytic amounts of the achiral base 1,4-diazabicycloA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G [2.2.2]octane (DABCO). These experiments revealed that base-catalyzed transformations could be achieved and that the bicycloA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G [3.2.1]octan-8one (9 a) can be isolated in good yields. Based on these observations, we decided to develop an asymmetric version of this unprecedented domino reaction. Several chiral organocatalysts were used to study the enantioselective domino Michael-Henry reaction (Figure 1). Based on the successful application of DABCO as an achiral catalyst, we investigated cinchonine 1 as a chiral Brønsted base catalyst [6] and we were able to isolate the product 9 a with moderate enantioselectivities (Table 1, entry 1). In subsequent investigations, we applied cupreidine (2) [7] and trimethylsilyl O-protected cinchonine 3 as catalysts in the domino reaction. Interestingly, we isolated only a racemic mixture of product 9 a (Table 1, entry 2 and 3). These experiments indicated that the asymmetric version of the domino reaction is not controlled by Brønsted base catalysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic and asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrenes catalysed by ruthenium porphyrin and porphycene complexes

Chemical Communications, 1997

A D 4-manganese(III) porphyrin is utilized to catalyze aziridination of styrene-type substrates w... more A D 4-manganese(III) porphyrin is utilized to catalyze aziridination of styrene-type substrates with enantiomeric excess ranging from 43 to 68%; evidence for a Mn IV reactive intermediate in the catalysis was obtained from spectroscopic studies and organic product analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Rate of Formation of Industrial Lubricant Additive Precursors from Maleic Anhydride and Polyisobutylene

Organic Process Research & Development

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive cyclisations of lactones using SmI2 and H2O

Carbonyl reduction is a fundamental transformation that underpins synthetic chemistry. The re-rou... more Carbonyl reduction is a fundamental transformation that underpins synthetic chemistry. The re-routing of carbonyl reduction through less-conventional intermediates allows new selectivity and reactivity to be found in the resulting reaction space. We have shown for the first time that the unusual radical anions formed by electron transfer to the ester carbonyl group can be exploited in additions to alkenes. We have demonstrated that the reductive cyclisations of lactones, triggered by electron-transfer from SmI2-H2O, allow for highly decorated cyclopentane and cycloheptane ring systems to be constructed. Futhermore, the reductive cyclisations of lactones can be exploited in cyclisation cascades. The cascade sequences involve the generation and trapping of unusual radical anions formed from the ester carbonyl followed by the trapping of more conventional radical anions from the carbonyl groups of ketone intermediates.

Research paper thumbnail of Addition and Correction to Complete Field Guide to Asymmetric BINOL-Phosphate Derived Brønsted Acid and Metal Catalysis: History and Classification by Mode of Activation; Brønsted Acidity, Hydrogen Bonding, Ion Pairing, and Metal Phosphates

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Generated Imine Intermediates

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix B: Overview of Phosphoric Acids (PA)

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix D: Overview of SPINOL Phosphoric Acids (SPA)

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Alkenes

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Imines

Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Appendix A: Catalyst Frequency

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Other Substrates

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reactions of Carbonyls

Rueping/Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis

Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysis, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Reduction of Lactones with Samarium Iodide

Research paper thumbnail of Complete Field Guide to Asymmetric BINOL-Phosphate Derived Brønsted Acid and Metal Catalysis: History and Classification by Mode of Activation; Brønsted Acidity, Hydrogen Bonding, Ion Pairing, and Metal Phosphates

Research paper thumbnail of Mild and metal-free oxy- and amino-fluorination for the synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), Jan 21, 2014

A mild intramolecular fluoro-cyclisation reaction of benzylic alcohols and amines has been develo... more A mild intramolecular fluoro-cyclisation reaction of benzylic alcohols and amines has been developed. This strategy uses commercially available Selectfluor to trigger electrophilic cyclisations to afford fluorinated heterocycles containing 1,3-disubstitution. The dual role of the reagent as a fluorine source and a base is shown to be crucial for reactivity.

Research paper thumbnail of Lactone Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Mediated by SmI2–H2O

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012

Unsaturated lactones undergo reductive radical cyclizations upon treatment with SmI(2)-H(2)O to g... more Unsaturated lactones undergo reductive radical cyclizations upon treatment with SmI(2)-H(2)O to give decorated cycloheptanes in a single highly selective operation during which up to three contiguous stereocenters are generated. Furthermore, cascade processes involving lactones bearing two alkenes, an alkene and an alkyne, or an allene and an alkene allow "one-pot" access to biologically significant molecular scaffolds with the construction of up to four contiguous stereocenters. The cyclizations proceed by the trapping of radical anions formed by electron transfer reduction of the lactone carbonyl.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive Cyclization Cascades of Lactones Using SmI2−H2O

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011

A dissertation submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by R... more A dissertation submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by Research in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 Kieran Richard Price School of Chemistry 2.7. SmI2-H2O cyclisations of di-substituted lactones 2.8. Synthesis of 'Substituted' class 2 cyclisation substrates 2.9. SmI2-H2O cyclisation of 'substituted' class 2 cyclisation substrates 2.10. Product stereochemistry and the mechanism of the cyclisations 2.11. Introduction to cascade cyclisations 2.12. Preparation of cascade cyclisation substrates 2.13 Cascade cyclisations reactions Chapter 3: Conclusion and Future Work 3.1. Areas of Future research Chapter 4: Experimental 4.1. General experimental 4.2. Preparation of Samarium Diiodide 4.3. Experimental Procedures References Declaration No portion of the work referred to in the thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive cyclization caused by cobaloxime. I. A new method for the synthesis of .beta.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactones

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1982

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael-Henry Reaction: Enantioselective Access to Bicycles with Consecutive Quaternary Centers by Using Bifunctional Catalysts

Chemistry - A European Journal, 2010

The use of domino and cascade reactions provides a powerful tool in organic synthetic chemistry. ... more The use of domino and cascade reactions provides a powerful tool in organic synthetic chemistry. The possibility of forming several bonds in one step without isolating the intermediates, changing the reaction conditions, or adding reagents reduces the production costs and simplifies processes. [1] Performing these reactions, for instance, in the presence of chiral organocatalyst complex structures can be obtained with high stereoselectivities. [2] In line with our latest studies towards the development of different asymmetric cascade and domino reactions using organocatalysts, such as chiral Brønsted acids [3] and prolinol derivatives, [4] we became interested in exploring a new enantioselective domino reaction of 1,2-diones with nitroalkenes which would lead to unprecedented polyfunctionalized bicycles. We assumed that the 1,2-diones would undergo a Michael addition to the nitroalkenes, followed by an intramolecular Henry reaction [5] to afford multifunctionalized bicycles containing four stereogenic centers of which two can be neighboring quaternary centers [Eq. (1)]. Initially we proposed a Brønsted base catalyzed activation of the 1,2-dione which would result in the formation of the enolic tautomer of the dione and thus the nucleophilicity of this substrate should be enhanced. Therefore, we started our experimental investigations by reacting cyclohexa-1,2-dione 7 with the b-nitrostyrene (8 a), employing catalytic amounts of the achiral base 1,4-diazabicycloA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G [2.2.2]octane (DABCO). These experiments revealed that base-catalyzed transformations could be achieved and that the bicycloA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G [3.2.1]octan-8one (9 a) can be isolated in good yields. Based on these observations, we decided to develop an asymmetric version of this unprecedented domino reaction. Several chiral organocatalysts were used to study the enantioselective domino Michael-Henry reaction (Figure 1). Based on the successful application of DABCO as an achiral catalyst, we investigated cinchonine 1 as a chiral Brønsted base catalyst [6] and we were able to isolate the product 9 a with moderate enantioselectivities (Table 1, entry 1). In subsequent investigations, we applied cupreidine (2) [7] and trimethylsilyl O-protected cinchonine 3 as catalysts in the domino reaction. Interestingly, we isolated only a racemic mixture of product 9 a (Table 1, entry 2 and 3). These experiments indicated that the asymmetric version of the domino reaction is not controlled by Brønsted base catalysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic and asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrenes catalysed by ruthenium porphyrin and porphycene complexes

Chemical Communications, 1997

A D 4-manganese(III) porphyrin is utilized to catalyze aziridination of styrene-type substrates w... more A D 4-manganese(III) porphyrin is utilized to catalyze aziridination of styrene-type substrates with enantiomeric excess ranging from 43 to 68%; evidence for a Mn IV reactive intermediate in the catalysis was obtained from spectroscopic studies and organic product analysis.