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Papers by Donna Lee
Tourism Geographies
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
The Diplomacies of Small States, 2009
The New Multilateralism in South African Diplomacy, 2006
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00358530500197151, Jan 24, 2007
Advanced Series in Management, 2012
International business has always been intimately linked to the politics of the global economy. E... more International business has always been intimately linked to the politics of the global economy. Expansion and investment strategies of business play a key role in defining the architecture of the global economy. The shifting dynamic of the global economy such as the emergence of fast growing economies in, for example, India, China, South Africa and Brazil can be partly explained by the emergence of new market players such as the India transnational car manufacturer Tata, as well as the adaptation of established international businesses in the West to the new market opportunities in the South and the East. Equally, the recent (and in places ongoing) economic crises of the West owes as much to the failures of international businessnotably the banking and investment industry-as it does to the failures of government policy. At the same time the international political dimension to the global economy explains the regulatory forces which also determine the architecture of the global economy. The far reaching policy liberalization of international trade through international (namely the World Trade Organisation) and regional treaties and rulemaking, and the global deregulation of the investment and financial services sector of the global economy driven by the neoliberal policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have created economic risks and opportunities for international business by opening up and creating new markets. The strategies of nation states and international business determine the architecture of the global economy and create both economic crises and dynamic growth at one and the same time in the contemporary global economy. So it is that for much of the first decade or so of the new century the West has endured an age of austerity brought on by sustained economic decline and high indebtedness. The once market dominant economies of the United States and West European economies are now struggling to reverse negative economic growth. By contrast large previously peripheral underdeveloped economies in Africa and Asia are enjoying remarkable and sustained growth rates and their exports and investments now fuel an overall growth in the global economy.
Advanced Series in Management, 2012
Commercial diplomacy is a significant factor in the ongoing process of globalization, yet there i... more Commercial diplomacy is a significant factor in the ongoing process of globalization, yet there is a shortage of empirical research on this activity. This paper reports the results of an empirical study conducted among diplomats and managers. It identifies three dominant types of commercial diplomats: civil servant, generalist and business promoter. The paper shows how commercial diplomacy contributes to the promotion of international trade and corporate partnership, to the resolution of business conflicts and the marketing of a country as a location for foreign investments, R&D activities or tourist destination and "made-in". It presents the current trends in commercial diplomacy, examines the determinants of its value chain and service fees and makes a number of suggestions on how to improve performance given the growing willingness of governments to emphasize the business promotion approach.
... У The Business-Diplomat in UK Diplomacy A further mechanism that encourages and facilitates .... more ... У The Business-Diplomat in UK Diplomacy A further mechanism that encourages and facilitates ... Thus public-private partnerships are pivotal to improving and maintaining good public service delivery. ... As shareholders we have rights in determining how our services are delivered ...
Tourism Geographies
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
The Diplomacies of Small States, 2009
The New Multilateralism in South African Diplomacy, 2006
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00358530500197151, Jan 24, 2007
Advanced Series in Management, 2012
International business has always been intimately linked to the politics of the global economy. E... more International business has always been intimately linked to the politics of the global economy. Expansion and investment strategies of business play a key role in defining the architecture of the global economy. The shifting dynamic of the global economy such as the emergence of fast growing economies in, for example, India, China, South Africa and Brazil can be partly explained by the emergence of new market players such as the India transnational car manufacturer Tata, as well as the adaptation of established international businesses in the West to the new market opportunities in the South and the East. Equally, the recent (and in places ongoing) economic crises of the West owes as much to the failures of international businessnotably the banking and investment industry-as it does to the failures of government policy. At the same time the international political dimension to the global economy explains the regulatory forces which also determine the architecture of the global economy. The far reaching policy liberalization of international trade through international (namely the World Trade Organisation) and regional treaties and rulemaking, and the global deregulation of the investment and financial services sector of the global economy driven by the neoliberal policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have created economic risks and opportunities for international business by opening up and creating new markets. The strategies of nation states and international business determine the architecture of the global economy and create both economic crises and dynamic growth at one and the same time in the contemporary global economy. So it is that for much of the first decade or so of the new century the West has endured an age of austerity brought on by sustained economic decline and high indebtedness. The once market dominant economies of the United States and West European economies are now struggling to reverse negative economic growth. By contrast large previously peripheral underdeveloped economies in Africa and Asia are enjoying remarkable and sustained growth rates and their exports and investments now fuel an overall growth in the global economy.
Advanced Series in Management, 2012
Commercial diplomacy is a significant factor in the ongoing process of globalization, yet there i... more Commercial diplomacy is a significant factor in the ongoing process of globalization, yet there is a shortage of empirical research on this activity. This paper reports the results of an empirical study conducted among diplomats and managers. It identifies three dominant types of commercial diplomats: civil servant, generalist and business promoter. The paper shows how commercial diplomacy contributes to the promotion of international trade and corporate partnership, to the resolution of business conflicts and the marketing of a country as a location for foreign investments, R&D activities or tourist destination and "made-in". It presents the current trends in commercial diplomacy, examines the determinants of its value chain and service fees and makes a number of suggestions on how to improve performance given the growing willingness of governments to emphasize the business promotion approach.
... У The Business-Diplomat in UK Diplomacy A further mechanism that encourages and facilitates .... more ... У The Business-Diplomat in UK Diplomacy A further mechanism that encourages and facilitates ... Thus public-private partnerships are pivotal to improving and maintaining good public service delivery. ... As shareholders we have rights in determining how our services are delivered ...