dov shinar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by dov shinar
Journal of Safety Research, 1982
Drivers were stopped 200 m (656 ft) ft a er p assing a warning sign and tested for their recall a... more Drivers were stopped 200 m (656 ft) ft a er p assing a warning sign and tested for their recall and recognition of the sign. An average of 5 to 10 % of drivers registered the sign under various conditions, but these results were independent of specific sign content or roadway environment. Both objective and subjective measures of fatigue were related to the probability of seeing a sign on a straight and level road but not on a hilly and winding road. It was concluded that under normal daylight conditions warning signs are either redundant (contain information directly available) or irrelevant to the driver's perceived needs and the driving task. Before ruling out their usefulness, warning signs should be evaluated under conditions of degraded visibility.
LÍBERO, Jun 18, 2016
A preferência da mídia pela guerra decorre de aspectos culturais, pesicológicos e dos próprios in... more A preferência da mídia pela guerra decorre de aspectos culturais, pesicológicos e dos próprios interesses dos meios. Essa correlação está na origem de dilemas pessoais, profissionais e institucionais na adequação das coberturas de guerra, em particular no que se refere à seleção de narrativas e contextos, à manipulação de discursos e foco. É possível diminuir essas dificuldades a partir de esforços no sentido de, a partir de estudos, pesquisas e práticas, atualizar a cultura da mídia na cobertura de guerra, incentivando a reportagem e auxiliando os jornalistas na resolução dos dilemas profissionais desse tipo de relato. Palavras-chave: mídia, paz, jornalismo, comunicação, conflito. Reflexiones sobre la cobertura mediática de las guerras: disonancias, dilemas y la necesidad de mejorar Resumen: La preferencia de los medios por la guerra es debido sus correlaciones con la psicología, la cultura y otros intereses. Esto se relaciona con dilemas personales, profesionales e institucionales, y a problemas en la adecuación de la cobertura, como la selectividad narrativa y la manipulación de contenidos. Los esfuerzos para reducir estas dificultades pueden tener éxito con la investigación y los esfuerzos aplicados con el fin de actualizar los medios de cultivo en la cobertura de la guerra, el fomento de informes y ayudar a los periodistas a resolver los dilemas de este tipo de trabajo.
Conflict & Communication Online, 2013
Media preference of war has been diagnosed as resulting from correlations of media psychology, cu... more Media preference of war has been diagnosed as resulting from correlations of media psychology, culture, and interests with war. Such correlations encourage personal, professional and institutional dissonance, and provoke dilemmas of coverage adequacy; selectivity of narratives and contexts; manipulation, and narrow ranges of discourse and focus. Efforts to curb these difficulties might succeed, with research and applied efforts aimed at updating the media culture of war coverage; helping identify media controls; encouraging gradual and cumulative reporting; employing "thick coverage" and "thick training"; promoting the cooperation of established media with newer types of journalism; assisting journalists in resolving war coverage dilemmas; promoting ongoing field monitoring and empirical research; helping post-war establishment of appropriate media structures, regulatory frameworks, and program production.
conflict & communication online, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2003
Language & Communication in Israel, 2018
Using the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory for studying possibilities and lim... more Using the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory for studying possibilities and limitations of constructive conflict coverage, the present book combines a longitudinal retrospective look at the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with experimental research on audience reactions and theoretical questions of conflict, war and peace coverage. The editors aimed at utilizing these materials to learn about changes in media framing and representation of issues, actors, and leaders; to focus on problems of war coverage and peace journalism, such as the persistence of a war orientation in media culture and performance, and the extent to which the media have "matured" so as to change this normative orientation in favor of an increased contribution to peacemaking and peacekeeping; and to study and criticize peace journalism thought, research and action after some twenty years since its emergence.
La transition en Roumanie, 2011
This epilogue aims at integrating the series of articles offered by the Toda Peace Journalism gro... more This epilogue aims at integrating the series of articles offered by the Toda Peace Journalism group in cco (4/2 2005; 5/2 2006; 6/1, 2007) into a framework designed to orient the reader, without repeating the arguments presented in the articles; to encourage instructors and students to use these materials; and to stimulate thinking on "where do we go next". Coherence is sought through looking at critical analyses of the conventional coverage of war and peace and at the promise and performance of Peace Journalism, analyzing epistemological and professional constraints, presenting ways to improve Peace Journalism concepts and practices, and offering an agenda and some development strategies. The initial premise that Peace Journalism (PJ) is a mode of responsible and conscientious media representation of conflict, alternative to conventional coverage, develops into a summary of critical evaluations of such coverage, and of the efforts to conceptualize PJ. A discussion of the ...
Libero, Sep 23, 2008
Analisa criticamente as relacoes entre democracia, paz e desenvolvimento, concentrando-se na estr... more Analisa criticamente as relacoes entre democracia, paz e desenvolvimento, concentrando-se na estrutura dos meios de comunicacao e nos valores jornalisticos em sua importância para o sucesso dos esforcos em prol do desenvolvimento. Alem disso, oferece sugestoes para o uso eficaz das comunicacoes nos esforcos de desenvolvimento e para o treinamento. Com base em analises empiricas e suplementares, buscam-se exemplos de pesquisas recentes, ao mesmo tempo em que se oferecem estrategias para o desenvolvimento de uma midia democratica e de um jornalismo voltado para a paz.
Media Anthropology
... preceded in the 1960s by move-ments such as the Rassamblement pour I'indepen-dance n... more ... preceded in the 1960s by move-ments such as the Rassamblement pour I'indepen-dance nationale, Quebec's first mass-based separatist political party, which became a leading force, and in the 1970s by the Front de liberation du Quebec and the Movement Quebec franc^ ais ...
1997 International Symposium on Technology and Society Technology and Society at a Time of Sweeping Change. Proceedings, 1997
Telepresence is the generic term for a set of activities performed from a distance through the us... more Telepresence is the generic term for a set of activities performed from a distance through the use of telecommunication means. It refers to working (telecommuting), playing, providing and using services (telemedicine, teleshopping), teaching and learning (teleeducation).-from a distance. The dialogue presented in the paper between a “True Believer” and a “Devil's Advocate” helps to explore some social implications of telepresence,
Studies in Visual Communication, 1984
Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 2000
Assuming that the media were caught `unprepared', linguistically at least, by the peace proce... more Assuming that the media were caught `unprepared', linguistically at least, by the peace processes in recent years; and that the current media discourse is not sufficient to understand, report and interpret such processes, a discourse analysis was conducted of media coverage of the peace processes in the Middle East and Northern Ireland. The results disclose strategies of peace coverage, their structures and characteristics. The analysis of these strategies and its conclusions emphasize the need to update the media research and development agenda, so as to include the creation of a peace-related media discourse.
International Communication Gazette, 1992
Why do prestigious Western newspapers and broadcasting organizations fail in the coverage of soci... more Why do prestigious Western newspapers and broadcasting organizations fail in the coverage of sociopolitical conflict? Are media bungles in the last decade – such as in Lebanon, Grenada, Panama, the West Bank, Eastern Europe, the Gulf War and other cases1 – isolated instances? Do they indicate the evolution of a consistent pattern? The coverage of the Romanian revolution and the Gulf War in the Western media is used here for a comparative examination of these questions. Conclusions of a detailed analysis of the Romanian case are applied to the coverage of the Gulf War, and theoretical implications are discussed.
Journal of Safety Research, 1982
Drivers were stopped 200 m (656 ft) ft a er p assing a warning sign and tested for their recall a... more Drivers were stopped 200 m (656 ft) ft a er p assing a warning sign and tested for their recall and recognition of the sign. An average of 5 to 10 % of drivers registered the sign under various conditions, but these results were independent of specific sign content or roadway environment. Both objective and subjective measures of fatigue were related to the probability of seeing a sign on a straight and level road but not on a hilly and winding road. It was concluded that under normal daylight conditions warning signs are either redundant (contain information directly available) or irrelevant to the driver's perceived needs and the driving task. Before ruling out their usefulness, warning signs should be evaluated under conditions of degraded visibility.
LÍBERO, Jun 18, 2016
A preferência da mídia pela guerra decorre de aspectos culturais, pesicológicos e dos próprios in... more A preferência da mídia pela guerra decorre de aspectos culturais, pesicológicos e dos próprios interesses dos meios. Essa correlação está na origem de dilemas pessoais, profissionais e institucionais na adequação das coberturas de guerra, em particular no que se refere à seleção de narrativas e contextos, à manipulação de discursos e foco. É possível diminuir essas dificuldades a partir de esforços no sentido de, a partir de estudos, pesquisas e práticas, atualizar a cultura da mídia na cobertura de guerra, incentivando a reportagem e auxiliando os jornalistas na resolução dos dilemas profissionais desse tipo de relato. Palavras-chave: mídia, paz, jornalismo, comunicação, conflito. Reflexiones sobre la cobertura mediática de las guerras: disonancias, dilemas y la necesidad de mejorar Resumen: La preferencia de los medios por la guerra es debido sus correlaciones con la psicología, la cultura y otros intereses. Esto se relaciona con dilemas personales, profesionales e institucionales, y a problemas en la adecuación de la cobertura, como la selectividad narrativa y la manipulación de contenidos. Los esfuerzos para reducir estas dificultades pueden tener éxito con la investigación y los esfuerzos aplicados con el fin de actualizar los medios de cultivo en la cobertura de la guerra, el fomento de informes y ayudar a los periodistas a resolver los dilemas de este tipo de trabajo.
Conflict & Communication Online, 2013
Media preference of war has been diagnosed as resulting from correlations of media psychology, cu... more Media preference of war has been diagnosed as resulting from correlations of media psychology, culture, and interests with war. Such correlations encourage personal, professional and institutional dissonance, and provoke dilemmas of coverage adequacy; selectivity of narratives and contexts; manipulation, and narrow ranges of discourse and focus. Efforts to curb these difficulties might succeed, with research and applied efforts aimed at updating the media culture of war coverage; helping identify media controls; encouraging gradual and cumulative reporting; employing "thick coverage" and "thick training"; promoting the cooperation of established media with newer types of journalism; assisting journalists in resolving war coverage dilemmas; promoting ongoing field monitoring and empirical research; helping post-war establishment of appropriate media structures, regulatory frameworks, and program production.
conflict & communication online, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2003
Language & Communication in Israel, 2018
Using the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory for studying possibilities and lim... more Using the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory for studying possibilities and limitations of constructive conflict coverage, the present book combines a longitudinal retrospective look at the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with experimental research on audience reactions and theoretical questions of conflict, war and peace coverage. The editors aimed at utilizing these materials to learn about changes in media framing and representation of issues, actors, and leaders; to focus on problems of war coverage and peace journalism, such as the persistence of a war orientation in media culture and performance, and the extent to which the media have "matured" so as to change this normative orientation in favor of an increased contribution to peacemaking and peacekeeping; and to study and criticize peace journalism thought, research and action after some twenty years since its emergence.
La transition en Roumanie, 2011
This epilogue aims at integrating the series of articles offered by the Toda Peace Journalism gro... more This epilogue aims at integrating the series of articles offered by the Toda Peace Journalism group in cco (4/2 2005; 5/2 2006; 6/1, 2007) into a framework designed to orient the reader, without repeating the arguments presented in the articles; to encourage instructors and students to use these materials; and to stimulate thinking on "where do we go next". Coherence is sought through looking at critical analyses of the conventional coverage of war and peace and at the promise and performance of Peace Journalism, analyzing epistemological and professional constraints, presenting ways to improve Peace Journalism concepts and practices, and offering an agenda and some development strategies. The initial premise that Peace Journalism (PJ) is a mode of responsible and conscientious media representation of conflict, alternative to conventional coverage, develops into a summary of critical evaluations of such coverage, and of the efforts to conceptualize PJ. A discussion of the ...
Libero, Sep 23, 2008
Analisa criticamente as relacoes entre democracia, paz e desenvolvimento, concentrando-se na estr... more Analisa criticamente as relacoes entre democracia, paz e desenvolvimento, concentrando-se na estrutura dos meios de comunicacao e nos valores jornalisticos em sua importância para o sucesso dos esforcos em prol do desenvolvimento. Alem disso, oferece sugestoes para o uso eficaz das comunicacoes nos esforcos de desenvolvimento e para o treinamento. Com base em analises empiricas e suplementares, buscam-se exemplos de pesquisas recentes, ao mesmo tempo em que se oferecem estrategias para o desenvolvimento de uma midia democratica e de um jornalismo voltado para a paz.
Media Anthropology
... preceded in the 1960s by move-ments such as the Rassamblement pour I'indepen-dance n... more ... preceded in the 1960s by move-ments such as the Rassamblement pour I'indepen-dance nationale, Quebec's first mass-based separatist political party, which became a leading force, and in the 1970s by the Front de liberation du Quebec and the Movement Quebec franc^ ais ...
1997 International Symposium on Technology and Society Technology and Society at a Time of Sweeping Change. Proceedings, 1997
Telepresence is the generic term for a set of activities performed from a distance through the us... more Telepresence is the generic term for a set of activities performed from a distance through the use of telecommunication means. It refers to working (telecommuting), playing, providing and using services (telemedicine, teleshopping), teaching and learning (teleeducation).-from a distance. The dialogue presented in the paper between a “True Believer” and a “Devil's Advocate” helps to explore some social implications of telepresence,
Studies in Visual Communication, 1984
Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 2000
Assuming that the media were caught `unprepared', linguistically at least, by the peace proce... more Assuming that the media were caught `unprepared', linguistically at least, by the peace processes in recent years; and that the current media discourse is not sufficient to understand, report and interpret such processes, a discourse analysis was conducted of media coverage of the peace processes in the Middle East and Northern Ireland. The results disclose strategies of peace coverage, their structures and characteristics. The analysis of these strategies and its conclusions emphasize the need to update the media research and development agenda, so as to include the creation of a peace-related media discourse.
International Communication Gazette, 1992
Why do prestigious Western newspapers and broadcasting organizations fail in the coverage of soci... more Why do prestigious Western newspapers and broadcasting organizations fail in the coverage of sociopolitical conflict? Are media bungles in the last decade – such as in Lebanon, Grenada, Panama, the West Bank, Eastern Europe, the Gulf War and other cases1 – isolated instances? Do they indicate the evolution of a consistent pattern? The coverage of the Romanian revolution and the Gulf War in the Western media is used here for a comparative examination of these questions. Conclusions of a detailed analysis of the Romanian case are applied to the coverage of the Gulf War, and theoretical implications are discussed.