Peet du toit - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Peet du toit

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Knowledge of the normal arterial diameter at a given anatomical point is the first step toward qu... more Knowledge of the normal arterial diameter at a given anatomical point is the first step toward quantifying the severity of cardiovascular diseases. According to several studies, parameters such as weight, height, age and sex can explain morphometric variations in arterial anatomy that are observed in a population. Before the development of a reference database against which to compare the diameters of arteries in a variety of pathological conditions, the compatibility between cadaver measurements and computed tomography (CT) measurements must first be established. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare cadaver measurements and CT measurements at 19 different arterial sites in order to establish whether cadaver measurements are a true reflection of a living population. Methods: A total of 154 embalmed cadavers were randomly selected from the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pretoria, 36 embalmed cadavers were randomly selected from the Department of Human Anatomy at the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus. Dissections were performed on the cadaver sample and the arterial dimensions were measured with a mechanical dial-sliding caliper (accuracy of 0.01 mm). Approximately 30 CT images for each of the 19 arterial sites were retrospectively selected from the database of radiographic images at the Department of Radiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital. Radiant, a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer was used to analyze the CT images. Results: The only statistically significant differences between the cadaver measurements and CT measurements were found in the left common carotid-and the left subclavian arteries. The null hypothesis of no statistically significant difference between the cadaver and CT measurements was accepted since the P-value indicated no significant difference for 87% of the measurements, the exception being the left common carotid-and the left subclavian arteries. Conclusions: With the exception of two measurements, measurements in cadavers and living people are interchangeable and concerns regarding the effect of distortion and shrinkage are unfounded. Even small changes in arterial diameter greatly influence blood flow and blood pressure, which contribute to undesirable clinical outcomes such as aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. This study completes the first step towards the development of a reference database against which to compare the diameters of arteries in a variety of pathological conditions in a South African population.

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie

Innovations in Achieving Sustainable Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa

Military Medicine

Introduction: Mixed gender basic military training (BMT) is adopted to integrate the female South... more Introduction: Mixed gender basic military training (BMT) is adopted to integrate the female South African soldier into the military. This study aimed to assess gender differences before, during (12 weeks), and after a 20-week mixed BMT course and determine if BMT significantly reduced these differences. Methods: A total of 186 soldiers (114 male: mean age = 21.0 ± 1.1 year; 72 female: mean age = 20.5 ± 1.2 year) completed the BMT course and all anthropometric, physical fitness, explosive power, and hand grip strength measurements. Repeatedmeasures analysis of variance was used to model BMT data with main effects for gender comparison between males and females, and time main effect for evaluation of differences between weeks 1, 12, and 20 of BMT, as well as an interaction effect for differences in changes over time for males and females. Alpha was set at α ≤0.05. Results: Male soldiers were significantly taller (p < 0.001) and scored better in all measurements at the start of BMT, differences ranged from 1.6% to 50% between genders. Differences narrowed by up to 18.5% in aerobic, push-up, abdominal measurements, and to 4.6% in the South African National Defense Force fitness test. Differences in power output and hand grip strength remained unchanged. Conclusion: Large initial anthropometrical and physical fitness differences decreased but were still obvious at the end of BMT. BMT should bridge the physical gap between male and female soldiers to ensure they can all perform the same duties. The enforcing of equal minimum physical fitness requirements for acceptance into BMT; conditional acceptance into the military subject to the successful completion of a bridging course aimed at improving physical fitness in individuals who do not meet the minimum physical fitness requirements for acceptance; and developing a cyclic physical training program with different entry points, dependent on initial physical performance at the start of BMT, ensuring adequate progression and overload for all soldiers are possible avenues to explore to achieve this goal.

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie

Health SA Gesondheid, 2016

Background: The FitTrack Index is a web-based programme developed in South Africa and widely used... more Background: The FitTrack Index is a web-based programme developed in South Africa and widely used by athletes to indicate their fitness. A need exists for a self-managed, noninvasive tool to evaluate and categorise health-related fitness in different population groups. The aim of this study was to compare the FitTrack Index with a reliable measure of cardio-respiratory fitness as indicated by maximal oxygen uptake (direct VO 2max). Methods & results: During a 12-week cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study the direct laboratory tested VO 2max indicated a moderate to strong correlation with the FitTrack Index (Spearman's rho ¼ 0.439, p ¼ 0.089 at baseline; Spearman's rho ¼ 0.853, p < 0.001 after 12 weeks). Conclusions: These results suggest that the web-based FitTrack Index may be considered an appropriate tool to evaluate exercise capacity and cardiovascular fitness in healthy individuals following an aerobic training programme.

The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership, 2015

Medical Science Research, Feb 1, 1997

With the increasing prevalence of emphasis on lifestyle-related wellness, the focus has been dive... more With the increasing prevalence of emphasis on lifestyle-related wellness, the focus has been diverted from treatment and cure of disease to prevention and health promotion. Therefore, the area of wellness has received much attention and has been promoted with much enthusiasm, especially in the corporate industry. The present study delved into the area of overall physical wellness and explored its components and the influence of an active work environment on these components. This study adopted a cross-sectional, quantitative experimental design Undergraduate university students (n = 165) and 234 training recruits and law enforcement employees underwent several wellness assessments in a bid to compare overall physical wellness in sedentary and active work environments. The individual results were compared and scored into risk areas that were ultimately compounded to formulate an overall physical wellness indicator. It was found that the students were superior in some areas of wellness; the recruits, however, possessed a more pronounced state of overall physical wellness. This indicates that physical activity does contribute significantly to attaining a state of overall physical wellness and so reduces the risk of developing lifestyle related chronic conditions. The overall findings suggest that maintaining a healthy lifestyle through physical activity and health-promoting behaviour will result in a greater state of wellness. In this area of research a host of possibilities for future research are unfolding especially the overall wellness indicator.

Ecology of food and nutrition, Jan 11, 2016

We investigated the nutrition education (NE) practices of teachers of grade 4‒7 learners in 11 pr... more We investigated the nutrition education (NE) practices of teachers of grade 4‒7 learners in 11 primary schools (85% of total number) of the Bronkhorstspruit district (Gauteng Province) to identify opportunities for improving NE in these schools. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among a convenient sample of the teachers (N = 73) using a structured nutrition education practice questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was done. Results showed that the majority of the teachers taught nutrition in about 10% to 20% of their teaching time. Thirty percent had no training to teach nutrition, and most teachers (86%) would like to receive training in nutrition. Teachers mostly taught nutrition as part of the curriculum (67%) and very few (18%) integrated nutrition into other subjects. Needing improvement were adequate classroom time for nutrition education delivery, continuing training in nutrition for teachers, and provision of up-to-date instructional materials for teachi...

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 2015

Traditionally, individuals’ abilities, interests and personality were assessed during career guid... more Traditionally, individuals’ abilities, interests and personality were assessed during career guidance and recruitment and selection processes; however, only a few studies focused on the actual health of second-year students, as entry-level employees for business in South Africa. The main research purpose was to determine the cardiovascular health of second-year university students’ (as young entry-level employees). The motivations for the study are two-fold: to determine the current cardiovascular health risk of students, and to educate the students about such risk. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study to determine university students’ cardiovascular health. The sample used in this research study consisted of 162 university students in South Africa, between the ages of 18 and 25 years. The results indicated that 55.6% students had high blood pressure. Then 81.1% of the latter group of students were identified as prehypertensive, while 18.9% were considered as having st...

Abstract: In order to truly be innovative in education, it is sometimes necessary to break away f... more Abstract: In order to truly be innovative in education, it is sometimes necessary to break away from conventional practices while, at the same time, keeping the students’ best interests in mind. We support the notion that innovation in teaching and learning plays a vital role in the success of an institution and as such have launched innovative initiatives amongst various institutions. These initiatives present various benefits, such as empowering children and supporting well-being through innovative educational wellness indicators and health promoting intervention. Based on the results obtained in this study, and the needs and knowledge based on the teachers and learners, an intervention plan was developed to support positive change within the schools and the community. This intervention plan includes the development of learning content that can be included in the curriculum without adding any additional burden to the teachers as well as the training of teachers to better implement...

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Knowledge of the normal arterial diameter at a given anatomical point is the first step toward qu... more Knowledge of the normal arterial diameter at a given anatomical point is the first step toward quantifying the severity of cardiovascular diseases. According to several studies, parameters such as weight, height, age and sex can explain morphometric variations in arterial anatomy that are observed in a population. Before the development of a reference database against which to compare the diameters of arteries in a variety of pathological conditions, the compatibility between cadaver measurements and computed tomography (CT) measurements must first be established. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare cadaver measurements and CT measurements at 19 different arterial sites in order to establish whether cadaver measurements are a true reflection of a living population. Methods: A total of 154 embalmed cadavers were randomly selected from the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pretoria, 36 embalmed cadavers were randomly selected from the Department of Human Anatomy at the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus. Dissections were performed on the cadaver sample and the arterial dimensions were measured with a mechanical dial-sliding caliper (accuracy of 0.01 mm). Approximately 30 CT images for each of the 19 arterial sites were retrospectively selected from the database of radiographic images at the Department of Radiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital. Radiant, a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer was used to analyze the CT images. Results: The only statistically significant differences between the cadaver measurements and CT measurements were found in the left common carotid-and the left subclavian arteries. The null hypothesis of no statistically significant difference between the cadaver and CT measurements was accepted since the P-value indicated no significant difference for 87% of the measurements, the exception being the left common carotid-and the left subclavian arteries. Conclusions: With the exception of two measurements, measurements in cadavers and living people are interchangeable and concerns regarding the effect of distortion and shrinkage are unfounded. Even small changes in arterial diameter greatly influence blood flow and blood pressure, which contribute to undesirable clinical outcomes such as aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. This study completes the first step towards the development of a reference database against which to compare the diameters of arteries in a variety of pathological conditions in a South African population.

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie

Innovations in Achieving Sustainable Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa

Military Medicine

Introduction: Mixed gender basic military training (BMT) is adopted to integrate the female South... more Introduction: Mixed gender basic military training (BMT) is adopted to integrate the female South African soldier into the military. This study aimed to assess gender differences before, during (12 weeks), and after a 20-week mixed BMT course and determine if BMT significantly reduced these differences. Methods: A total of 186 soldiers (114 male: mean age = 21.0 ± 1.1 year; 72 female: mean age = 20.5 ± 1.2 year) completed the BMT course and all anthropometric, physical fitness, explosive power, and hand grip strength measurements. Repeatedmeasures analysis of variance was used to model BMT data with main effects for gender comparison between males and females, and time main effect for evaluation of differences between weeks 1, 12, and 20 of BMT, as well as an interaction effect for differences in changes over time for males and females. Alpha was set at α ≤0.05. Results: Male soldiers were significantly taller (p < 0.001) and scored better in all measurements at the start of BMT, differences ranged from 1.6% to 50% between genders. Differences narrowed by up to 18.5% in aerobic, push-up, abdominal measurements, and to 4.6% in the South African National Defense Force fitness test. Differences in power output and hand grip strength remained unchanged. Conclusion: Large initial anthropometrical and physical fitness differences decreased but were still obvious at the end of BMT. BMT should bridge the physical gap between male and female soldiers to ensure they can all perform the same duties. The enforcing of equal minimum physical fitness requirements for acceptance into BMT; conditional acceptance into the military subject to the successful completion of a bridging course aimed at improving physical fitness in individuals who do not meet the minimum physical fitness requirements for acceptance; and developing a cyclic physical training program with different entry points, dependent on initial physical performance at the start of BMT, ensuring adequate progression and overload for all soldiers are possible avenues to explore to achieve this goal.

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie

Health SA Gesondheid, 2016

Background: The FitTrack Index is a web-based programme developed in South Africa and widely used... more Background: The FitTrack Index is a web-based programme developed in South Africa and widely used by athletes to indicate their fitness. A need exists for a self-managed, noninvasive tool to evaluate and categorise health-related fitness in different population groups. The aim of this study was to compare the FitTrack Index with a reliable measure of cardio-respiratory fitness as indicated by maximal oxygen uptake (direct VO 2max). Methods & results: During a 12-week cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study the direct laboratory tested VO 2max indicated a moderate to strong correlation with the FitTrack Index (Spearman's rho ¼ 0.439, p ¼ 0.089 at baseline; Spearman's rho ¼ 0.853, p < 0.001 after 12 weeks). Conclusions: These results suggest that the web-based FitTrack Index may be considered an appropriate tool to evaluate exercise capacity and cardiovascular fitness in healthy individuals following an aerobic training programme.

The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership, 2015

Medical Science Research, Feb 1, 1997

With the increasing prevalence of emphasis on lifestyle-related wellness, the focus has been dive... more With the increasing prevalence of emphasis on lifestyle-related wellness, the focus has been diverted from treatment and cure of disease to prevention and health promotion. Therefore, the area of wellness has received much attention and has been promoted with much enthusiasm, especially in the corporate industry. The present study delved into the area of overall physical wellness and explored its components and the influence of an active work environment on these components. This study adopted a cross-sectional, quantitative experimental design Undergraduate university students (n = 165) and 234 training recruits and law enforcement employees underwent several wellness assessments in a bid to compare overall physical wellness in sedentary and active work environments. The individual results were compared and scored into risk areas that were ultimately compounded to formulate an overall physical wellness indicator. It was found that the students were superior in some areas of wellness; the recruits, however, possessed a more pronounced state of overall physical wellness. This indicates that physical activity does contribute significantly to attaining a state of overall physical wellness and so reduces the risk of developing lifestyle related chronic conditions. The overall findings suggest that maintaining a healthy lifestyle through physical activity and health-promoting behaviour will result in a greater state of wellness. In this area of research a host of possibilities for future research are unfolding especially the overall wellness indicator.

Ecology of food and nutrition, Jan 11, 2016

We investigated the nutrition education (NE) practices of teachers of grade 4‒7 learners in 11 pr... more We investigated the nutrition education (NE) practices of teachers of grade 4‒7 learners in 11 primary schools (85% of total number) of the Bronkhorstspruit district (Gauteng Province) to identify opportunities for improving NE in these schools. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among a convenient sample of the teachers (N = 73) using a structured nutrition education practice questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was done. Results showed that the majority of the teachers taught nutrition in about 10% to 20% of their teaching time. Thirty percent had no training to teach nutrition, and most teachers (86%) would like to receive training in nutrition. Teachers mostly taught nutrition as part of the curriculum (67%) and very few (18%) integrated nutrition into other subjects. Needing improvement were adequate classroom time for nutrition education delivery, continuing training in nutrition for teachers, and provision of up-to-date instructional materials for teachi...

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 2015

Traditionally, individuals’ abilities, interests and personality were assessed during career guid... more Traditionally, individuals’ abilities, interests and personality were assessed during career guidance and recruitment and selection processes; however, only a few studies focused on the actual health of second-year students, as entry-level employees for business in South Africa. The main research purpose was to determine the cardiovascular health of second-year university students’ (as young entry-level employees). The motivations for the study are two-fold: to determine the current cardiovascular health risk of students, and to educate the students about such risk. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study to determine university students’ cardiovascular health. The sample used in this research study consisted of 162 university students in South Africa, between the ages of 18 and 25 years. The results indicated that 55.6% students had high blood pressure. Then 81.1% of the latter group of students were identified as prehypertensive, while 18.9% were considered as having st...

Abstract: In order to truly be innovative in education, it is sometimes necessary to break away f... more Abstract: In order to truly be innovative in education, it is sometimes necessary to break away from conventional practices while, at the same time, keeping the students’ best interests in mind. We support the notion that innovation in teaching and learning plays a vital role in the success of an institution and as such have launched innovative initiatives amongst various institutions. These initiatives present various benefits, such as empowering children and supporting well-being through innovative educational wellness indicators and health promoting intervention. Based on the results obtained in this study, and the needs and knowledge based on the teachers and learners, an intervention plan was developed to support positive change within the schools and the community. This intervention plan includes the development of learning content that can be included in the curriculum without adding any additional burden to the teachers as well as the training of teachers to better implement...