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Papers by elijah ebinne

Research paper thumbnail of Computing traffic accident high-risk locations using graph analytics

Spatial Information Research, May 3, 2022

Analysis of the dynamic relationship between traffic accident events and road network topology ba... more Analysis of the dynamic relationship between traffic accident events and road network topology based on connectivity and graph analytics offers a new approach to identifying, ranking and profiling traffic accident high risk-locations at different levels of space and time granularities. Previous studies on traffic accident hot spots have mostly adopted spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) where spatial point patterns are discovered based only on spatial dependence with no recognition of the temporal dependence of the events. A limitation arises from the fact that the results are either under or overestimated because of the temporal aggregation of the events to an absolute time point. Furthermore, the existing methods apart from the Network Kernel Density Estimation (NETKDE), consider traffic accident events as events randomly on a 2-D geographic space. However, traffic accident events are network constrained events that happens majorly on the road network space. Therefore, in this paper, we adopt the connectivity of graph on a network space approach that identifies accident high risk-locations based on spacetime-varying connectivity between traffic accident events and the road network geometry. A simple but extensible traffic accident space time-varying graph (STVG) model is developed and implemented for this study. Traffic accident high risk-locations are identified and ranked in space and time using time-dependent degree centrality and PageRank centrality graph metrics respectively through time-incremental graph queries. This study offers urban traffic accident analysts with a new and efficient approach to identify, rank and profile accident-prone areas in space and time at different scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Slow-Paced Adoption of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology for Land Surveying Operations in Nigeria’s Geoinformation Industry

Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2021

Instrumentation is a key factor in the theory and practice of land surveying. At various contexts... more Instrumentation is a key factor in the theory and practice of land surveying. At various contexts, slow-paced technology adoption is a major setback to professional practice. Within the context of land surveying, such a die-hard situation, which has almost assumed a ‘ sailing ship effect’ spurs interest in high-end surveying equipment, for example terrestrial laser scanners (TLS). Research regarding this important issue is scarce in the scientific journal and often provides generalised findings. Thus, specific determinants of modern TLS adoption at spatial contexts (countries and individual cities) are unknown, and this is a major knowledge gap which undermines response efforts. Our aim in this study is to examine the factors related to slow-paced adoption of TLS in Nigeria. We formulated the hypothesis of the study based on the capacity mapping model (CMM) and used semi-structured questionnaires to collect primary data on land surveyors in Enugu – a major hub of geoinformation and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the ... more The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the s...

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the ... more The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the s...

Research paper thumbnail of Long Term Assessment and Mapping of Erosion Hotspots in South East Nigeria

The south east Nigeria has greatly been impacted by soil erosion. This has largely been attribute... more The south east Nigeria has greatly been impacted by soil erosion. This has largely been attributed to extensive use of land for agricultural purposes ("overfarming") due to high population density (Grove, 1951). Erosion is commonly associated with environmental problems such as decreased land productivity, challenges to agricultural sustainability, degradation of soil and water quality, and indirect pollution of the environment through the transport of contaminants such as agricultural and industrial waste attached to sediments to other parts of the environment and the hydrographic network (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002, Kostadinov, 2002). Most of these problems are currently being experienced in the south east of Nigeria and thus generating a high level of concern among the populace (

Research paper thumbnail of Free, open, quantitative and adaptable digital soil map data and database for Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Refinement and Quantification of Terrain-Induced Effects on Global Gravity Data

International Journal of Geosciences

The geodetic and geophysical applications of Earth Gravity Field parameters computed from Global ... more The geodetic and geophysical applications of Earth Gravity Field parameters computed from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are quite on the increase despite the inherent commission and omission errors of these models. In view of this, this study focuses on refining and quantifying terrain-induced effects on Bouguer gravity anomalies computed directly from a total of seven recent GGMs. In the study, the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique was used to estimate the residual terrain effects that were added to the GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies at the sixty test points in Enugu State, Nigeria. The computed residual terrain effects range from −24.6 to 37.5 mgal while the percentage of the omission errors of the GGMs based on their Root-Mean-Square (RMS) differences ranges from 7.8% to 44.7%. It can be concluded that GGM-refined Bouguer gravity anomalies are better in accuracy than the unrefined GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies and hence there is need for accurate height information in the development of GGMs. We, therefore, recommend that refined Bouguer gravity anomalies obtained from HUST-Grace2016s, EIGEN-6C4 and GECO that gave best improvement amongst the seven GGMs under consideration should be used to supplement the available terrestrial Bouguer anomalies for geodetic and geophysical applications within the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy Assessment and Comparative Analysis of IDW, Spline and Kriging in Spatial Interpolation of Landform (Topography): An Experimental Study

Journal of Geographic Information System

It is practically impossible and unnecessary to obtain spatial-temporal information of any given ... more It is practically impossible and unnecessary to obtain spatial-temporal information of any given continuous phenomenon at every point within a given geographic area. The most practical approach has always been to obtain information about the phenomenon as in many sample points as possible within the given geographic area and estimate the values of the unobserved points from the values of the observed points through spatial interpolation. However, it is important that users understand that different interpolation methods have their strength and weaknesses on different datasets. It is not correct to generalize that a given interpolation method (e.g. Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Spline etc.) does better than the other without taking into cognizance, the type and nature of the dataset and phenomenon involved. In this paper, we theoretically, mathematically and experimentally evaluate the performance of Kriging, IDW and Spline interpolation methods respectively in estimating unobserved elevation values and modeling landform. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis based on the prediction mean error, prediction root mean square error and cross validation outputs of these interpolation methods. Experimental results for each of the method on both biased and normalized data show that Spline provided a better and more accurate interpolation within the sample space than the IDW and Kriging methods. The choice of an interpolation method should be phenomenon and data set structure dependent.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Changes within Ikom City in Nigeria Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Health of Akamkpa Forest Reserves in Southeastern Part of Nigeria Using Remote Sensing Techniques

International Journal of Forestry Research

Assessment of forest health is very vital because forests form the largest terrestrial ecosystems... more Assessment of forest health is very vital because forests form the largest terrestrial ecosystems on earth. The greenness of vegetation is one of the essential factors used in evaluating the health of forest reserves. This study is aimed at assessing the health of fifteen forest reserves in Southeastern part of Nigeria using meteorological data and MOD13A1-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Related portions of the monthly MOD13A1 data, derived for the years 2010, 2014, and 2018, were downloaded, and the monthly mean values of the vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) were estimated for each of the forest reserves using the Spatial Analysis Module in ArcGIS software. The computed monthly mean values of NDVI range from 0.094 to 0.790 while that of EVI ranges from 0.11 to 0.624 and the rainfall data range from 0 to 780.2 mm/month within the period of study. Analyses of the correlation coefficients between monthly rainfall data and NDV...

Research paper thumbnail of Computing traffic accident high-risk locations using graph analytics

Spatial Information Research, May 3, 2022

Analysis of the dynamic relationship between traffic accident events and road network topology ba... more Analysis of the dynamic relationship between traffic accident events and road network topology based on connectivity and graph analytics offers a new approach to identifying, ranking and profiling traffic accident high risk-locations at different levels of space and time granularities. Previous studies on traffic accident hot spots have mostly adopted spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) where spatial point patterns are discovered based only on spatial dependence with no recognition of the temporal dependence of the events. A limitation arises from the fact that the results are either under or overestimated because of the temporal aggregation of the events to an absolute time point. Furthermore, the existing methods apart from the Network Kernel Density Estimation (NETKDE), consider traffic accident events as events randomly on a 2-D geographic space. However, traffic accident events are network constrained events that happens majorly on the road network space. Therefore, in this paper, we adopt the connectivity of graph on a network space approach that identifies accident high risk-locations based on spacetime-varying connectivity between traffic accident events and the road network geometry. A simple but extensible traffic accident space time-varying graph (STVG) model is developed and implemented for this study. Traffic accident high risk-locations are identified and ranked in space and time using time-dependent degree centrality and PageRank centrality graph metrics respectively through time-incremental graph queries. This study offers urban traffic accident analysts with a new and efficient approach to identify, rank and profile accident-prone areas in space and time at different scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Slow-Paced Adoption of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology for Land Surveying Operations in Nigeria’s Geoinformation Industry

Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2021

Instrumentation is a key factor in the theory and practice of land surveying. At various contexts... more Instrumentation is a key factor in the theory and practice of land surveying. At various contexts, slow-paced technology adoption is a major setback to professional practice. Within the context of land surveying, such a die-hard situation, which has almost assumed a ‘ sailing ship effect’ spurs interest in high-end surveying equipment, for example terrestrial laser scanners (TLS). Research regarding this important issue is scarce in the scientific journal and often provides generalised findings. Thus, specific determinants of modern TLS adoption at spatial contexts (countries and individual cities) are unknown, and this is a major knowledge gap which undermines response efforts. Our aim in this study is to examine the factors related to slow-paced adoption of TLS in Nigeria. We formulated the hypothesis of the study based on the capacity mapping model (CMM) and used semi-structured questionnaires to collect primary data on land surveyors in Enugu – a major hub of geoinformation and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the ... more The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the s...

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019

The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the ... more The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the s...

Research paper thumbnail of Long Term Assessment and Mapping of Erosion Hotspots in South East Nigeria

The south east Nigeria has greatly been impacted by soil erosion. This has largely been attribute... more The south east Nigeria has greatly been impacted by soil erosion. This has largely been attributed to extensive use of land for agricultural purposes ("overfarming") due to high population density (Grove, 1951). Erosion is commonly associated with environmental problems such as decreased land productivity, challenges to agricultural sustainability, degradation of soil and water quality, and indirect pollution of the environment through the transport of contaminants such as agricultural and industrial waste attached to sediments to other parts of the environment and the hydrographic network (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002, Kostadinov, 2002). Most of these problems are currently being experienced in the south east of Nigeria and thus generating a high level of concern among the populace (

Research paper thumbnail of Free, open, quantitative and adaptable digital soil map data and database for Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Refinement and Quantification of Terrain-Induced Effects on Global Gravity Data

International Journal of Geosciences

The geodetic and geophysical applications of Earth Gravity Field parameters computed from Global ... more The geodetic and geophysical applications of Earth Gravity Field parameters computed from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are quite on the increase despite the inherent commission and omission errors of these models. In view of this, this study focuses on refining and quantifying terrain-induced effects on Bouguer gravity anomalies computed directly from a total of seven recent GGMs. In the study, the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique was used to estimate the residual terrain effects that were added to the GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies at the sixty test points in Enugu State, Nigeria. The computed residual terrain effects range from −24.6 to 37.5 mgal while the percentage of the omission errors of the GGMs based on their Root-Mean-Square (RMS) differences ranges from 7.8% to 44.7%. It can be concluded that GGM-refined Bouguer gravity anomalies are better in accuracy than the unrefined GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies and hence there is need for accurate height information in the development of GGMs. We, therefore, recommend that refined Bouguer gravity anomalies obtained from HUST-Grace2016s, EIGEN-6C4 and GECO that gave best improvement amongst the seven GGMs under consideration should be used to supplement the available terrestrial Bouguer anomalies for geodetic and geophysical applications within the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy Assessment and Comparative Analysis of IDW, Spline and Kriging in Spatial Interpolation of Landform (Topography): An Experimental Study

Journal of Geographic Information System

It is practically impossible and unnecessary to obtain spatial-temporal information of any given ... more It is practically impossible and unnecessary to obtain spatial-temporal information of any given continuous phenomenon at every point within a given geographic area. The most practical approach has always been to obtain information about the phenomenon as in many sample points as possible within the given geographic area and estimate the values of the unobserved points from the values of the observed points through spatial interpolation. However, it is important that users understand that different interpolation methods have their strength and weaknesses on different datasets. It is not correct to generalize that a given interpolation method (e.g. Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Spline etc.) does better than the other without taking into cognizance, the type and nature of the dataset and phenomenon involved. In this paper, we theoretically, mathematically and experimentally evaluate the performance of Kriging, IDW and Spline interpolation methods respectively in estimating unobserved elevation values and modeling landform. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis based on the prediction mean error, prediction root mean square error and cross validation outputs of these interpolation methods. Experimental results for each of the method on both biased and normalized data show that Spline provided a better and more accurate interpolation within the sample space than the IDW and Kriging methods. The choice of an interpolation method should be phenomenon and data set structure dependent.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Changes within Ikom City in Nigeria Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Health of Akamkpa Forest Reserves in Southeastern Part of Nigeria Using Remote Sensing Techniques

International Journal of Forestry Research

Assessment of forest health is very vital because forests form the largest terrestrial ecosystems... more Assessment of forest health is very vital because forests form the largest terrestrial ecosystems on earth. The greenness of vegetation is one of the essential factors used in evaluating the health of forest reserves. This study is aimed at assessing the health of fifteen forest reserves in Southeastern part of Nigeria using meteorological data and MOD13A1-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Related portions of the monthly MOD13A1 data, derived for the years 2010, 2014, and 2018, were downloaded, and the monthly mean values of the vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) were estimated for each of the forest reserves using the Spatial Analysis Module in ArcGIS software. The computed monthly mean values of NDVI range from 0.094 to 0.790 while that of EVI ranges from 0.11 to 0.624 and the rainfall data range from 0 to 780.2 mm/month within the period of study. Analyses of the correlation coefficients between monthly rainfall data and NDV...