elizabeth irene - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by elizabeth irene

Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 2018

The article is devoted to the description and testing of a new probiotic preparation based on Lac... more The article is devoted to the description and testing of a new probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 in laboratory and production conditions. The search for an alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for animal farming remains an acute issue nowadays. In particular, the marketplace of organic farming needs alternative medications since since preventive antibiotics are prohibited for use in organic animal husbandry. In this respect microbiological preparations like probiotics are a promising field of research and implementation. Laboratory tests of the culture, morphological and antagonistic properties of the probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 were conducted, and an in vivo study was conducted on chickens infected with test cultures of pathogenic microorganisms. A production test of preventive probiotics in organic farming was also carried out. It is established that the drug meets the criteria that apply to probiotic preparations. According to the results of the laboratory experiment, the evident antagonistic effect of the drug against pathogenic microorganisms was established. The tests of the drug on experimentally infected poultry showed a prophylactic effect of probiotics. Since probiotics belong to the group of biological and natural prophylactic drugs, the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 was tested in conditions of organic poultry farming. The number of risks for free-range chickens in the conditions of organic farming is much higher than with traditional poultry farming, in particular with respect to infection with pathogens of infectious diseases. It has been established that the use of a probiotic preparation on the basis of Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 for the preventive purpose improves twice the safety of the birds in the conditions of organic poultry farming. Thus, this probiotic can be used as an alternative to the prophylactic use of antibiotics in traditional and organic poultry industry of Ukraine.

Charles Sprague Sargent and the Arnold Arboretum

The Economic Journal, 1978

/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and stude... more /policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Blackwell Publishing and Economic History Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Economic History Review. http://www.jstor.org ESSAYS IN BIBLIOGRAPHYAND CRITICISM, LXXV The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, Volumes I-VI and XV-XVI1 BY T. W. HUTCHISON I T tIHE first volumes of the Royal Economic Society's edition of Keynes's Collected Writings began to appear almost exactly twenty-five years after his death. This edition will eventually total 24 volumes-the figure of 2I, mentioned in the Introduction to Volume i, has apparently been superseded. Vols. i-ViII will consist of his seven full-length books (with two volumes for the Treatise on Money); then will come six volumes (ix-xiv) of Essays and Articles; while Vols. xv-xxIII will comprise 'Activities and Associated Writings'-with Vol. XXIV as a Bibliography and Index. As the General Introduction informs us, this edition is concerned with Keynes "as an economist", though, of course, the Treatise on Probability (viii), and a volume of "Social, Political and Literary Writings" (xiv), are being included. But private and personal correspondence or letters in the possession of the family are not being included. This limitation, involving an amputation of the economist from the man, is probably most restrictive in the early years when Keynes was, as Sir Roy Harrod put it, "in quest of a way of life", or in the process of becoming an economist, or rather the very special kind of economist which he made himself. Though it is not clear how far the collections of Essays and Articles may contain some hitherto unpublished items, it is the nine volumes of 'Activities and Associated Writings' which will presumably provide most of the new material. These nine volumes are being arranged mainly chronologically, covering the years from I9o6 to I946, and the first two, covering I906-I4 and I9I4-I9, have now appeared. They are made up mainly of official papers and memoranda, with some letters to and from Keynes, and one or two articles not included elsewhere. The various items are linked together by skilful and informative notes and bridgepassages by the editor, ElizabethJohnson, who sketches in the course of Keynes's life and career, including some of his extra-official and extra-economic interests. Most of these documents are new though some only partially so, having been discussed or quoted in Harrod's Life or elsewhere. Altogether, though they do not, so far at any rate, transform our knowledge of Keynes, they do interestingly Vol. I. Indian Currency and Finance. Pp. xx + I 84. Tables, Chart. Vol. II. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Pp. xxv + i92. Tables. Vol. III. A Revision of the Treaty, being a sequel to The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Pp. xv + I 58. Vol. IV. A Tract on Monetary Reform. Pp. xxii + 172. Vol. V. A Treatise on Money. i. The Pure Theory of Money. Pp. xxvii + 336. Vol. VI. A Treatise on Money. 2. The Applied Theory of Money. Pp. vi + 390. Vol. XV. Activities i906-i9i4 India and Cambridge. Pp. xiv + 3 I 2. Vol. XVI. Activities i9i4-i9i9 The Treasury & Versailles. Pp. xv + 489. (Macmillan, for the Royal Economic Society, I97I. ?3 oo each volume.) I4I mic war effort is analysed in terms of the now familiar main economic aggregates, consumption, investment net and gross, exports, etc. But Brand had to use the national income and output figures for 1907. There were no satisfactory national income figures for the war years, or for some time to come. 3 Keynes himself, apparently from the start, believed that the war would be a short one and, as we shall see, continued to hold to this belief for some time. David Garnett recalls a conversation with Keynes shortly after the outbreak of war: "Maynard went on to talk about the war. Much to my surprise, I discovered that he was extremely optimistic about the larger issue. He told me that he was quite certain that the war could not last more than a year and that the belligerent countries could not be ruined by it. The world, he explained, was enormously rich, but its wealth was, fortunately, of a kind which could not be rapidly realised for war purposes: it was in the form of capital equipment for making things which were useless for waging war. When all the available wealth had been used up-which he thought would take about a year-the Powers would have to make peace. We could not use the cotton factories in Lancashire to help our Navy blockade Germany; Germany could not use its toymakers' factories to equip her armies."-D. Garnett, The Golden Echo (I954), p. 27I, quoted by R. Lekachman, The Age of Keynes (i967), p. 2I. One would not attach much weight to this conversational evidence of I9I4, if Keynes were not found in I 915 and I 91 6 arguing a similar thesis in official memoranda, of economic exhaustion inevitably compelling the Powers to end the war within about the next twelve months. Per

Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 2018

The article is devoted to the description and testing of a new probiotic preparation based on Lac... more The article is devoted to the description and testing of a new probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 in laboratory and production conditions. The search for an alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for animal farming remains an acute issue nowadays. In particular, the marketplace of organic farming needs alternative medications since since preventive antibiotics are prohibited for use in organic animal husbandry. In this respect microbiological preparations like probiotics are a promising field of research and implementation. Laboratory tests of the culture, morphological and antagonistic properties of the probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 were conducted, and an in vivo study was conducted on chickens infected with test cultures of pathogenic microorganisms. A production test of preventive probiotics in organic farming was also carried out. It is established that the drug meets the criteria that apply to probiotic preparations. According to the results of the laboratory experiment, the evident antagonistic effect of the drug against pathogenic microorganisms was established. The tests of the drug on experimentally infected poultry showed a prophylactic effect of probiotics. Since probiotics belong to the group of biological and natural prophylactic drugs, the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 was tested in conditions of organic poultry farming. The number of risks for free-range chickens in the conditions of organic farming is much higher than with traditional poultry farming, in particular with respect to infection with pathogens of infectious diseases. It has been established that the use of a probiotic preparation on the basis of Lactobacillus plantarum AMT 12 for the preventive purpose improves twice the safety of the birds in the conditions of organic poultry farming. Thus, this probiotic can be used as an alternative to the prophylactic use of antibiotics in traditional and organic poultry industry of Ukraine.

Charles Sprague Sargent and the Arnold Arboretum

The Economic Journal, 1978

/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and stude... more /policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Blackwell Publishing and Economic History Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Economic History Review. http://www.jstor.org ESSAYS IN BIBLIOGRAPHYAND CRITICISM, LXXV The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, Volumes I-VI and XV-XVI1 BY T. W. HUTCHISON I T tIHE first volumes of the Royal Economic Society's edition of Keynes's Collected Writings began to appear almost exactly twenty-five years after his death. This edition will eventually total 24 volumes-the figure of 2I, mentioned in the Introduction to Volume i, has apparently been superseded. Vols. i-ViII will consist of his seven full-length books (with two volumes for the Treatise on Money); then will come six volumes (ix-xiv) of Essays and Articles; while Vols. xv-xxIII will comprise 'Activities and Associated Writings'-with Vol. XXIV as a Bibliography and Index. As the General Introduction informs us, this edition is concerned with Keynes "as an economist", though, of course, the Treatise on Probability (viii), and a volume of "Social, Political and Literary Writings" (xiv), are being included. But private and personal correspondence or letters in the possession of the family are not being included. This limitation, involving an amputation of the economist from the man, is probably most restrictive in the early years when Keynes was, as Sir Roy Harrod put it, "in quest of a way of life", or in the process of becoming an economist, or rather the very special kind of economist which he made himself. Though it is not clear how far the collections of Essays and Articles may contain some hitherto unpublished items, it is the nine volumes of 'Activities and Associated Writings' which will presumably provide most of the new material. These nine volumes are being arranged mainly chronologically, covering the years from I9o6 to I946, and the first two, covering I906-I4 and I9I4-I9, have now appeared. They are made up mainly of official papers and memoranda, with some letters to and from Keynes, and one or two articles not included elsewhere. The various items are linked together by skilful and informative notes and bridgepassages by the editor, ElizabethJohnson, who sketches in the course of Keynes's life and career, including some of his extra-official and extra-economic interests. Most of these documents are new though some only partially so, having been discussed or quoted in Harrod's Life or elsewhere. Altogether, though they do not, so far at any rate, transform our knowledge of Keynes, they do interestingly Vol. I. Indian Currency and Finance. Pp. xx + I 84. Tables, Chart. Vol. II. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Pp. xxv + i92. Tables. Vol. III. A Revision of the Treaty, being a sequel to The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Pp. xv + I 58. Vol. IV. A Tract on Monetary Reform. Pp. xxii + 172. Vol. V. A Treatise on Money. i. The Pure Theory of Money. Pp. xxvii + 336. Vol. VI. A Treatise on Money. 2. The Applied Theory of Money. Pp. vi + 390. Vol. XV. Activities i906-i9i4 India and Cambridge. Pp. xiv + 3 I 2. Vol. XVI. Activities i9i4-i9i9 The Treasury & Versailles. Pp. xv + 489. (Macmillan, for the Royal Economic Society, I97I. ?3 oo each volume.) I4I mic war effort is analysed in terms of the now familiar main economic aggregates, consumption, investment net and gross, exports, etc. But Brand had to use the national income and output figures for 1907. There were no satisfactory national income figures for the war years, or for some time to come. 3 Keynes himself, apparently from the start, believed that the war would be a short one and, as we shall see, continued to hold to this belief for some time. David Garnett recalls a conversation with Keynes shortly after the outbreak of war: "Maynard went on to talk about the war. Much to my surprise, I discovered that he was extremely optimistic about the larger issue. He told me that he was quite certain that the war could not last more than a year and that the belligerent countries could not be ruined by it. The world, he explained, was enormously rich, but its wealth was, fortunately, of a kind which could not be rapidly realised for war purposes: it was in the form of capital equipment for making things which were useless for waging war. When all the available wealth had been used up-which he thought would take about a year-the Powers would have to make peace. We could not use the cotton factories in Lancashire to help our Navy blockade Germany; Germany could not use its toymakers' factories to equip her armies."-D. Garnett, The Golden Echo (I954), p. 27I, quoted by R. Lekachman, The Age of Keynes (i967), p. 2I. One would not attach much weight to this conversational evidence of I9I4, if Keynes were not found in I 915 and I 91 6 arguing a similar thesis in official memoranda, of economic exhaustion inevitably compelling the Powers to end the war within about the next twelve months. Per