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Research paper thumbnail of Why Is the Range of Timescale So Wide in Glass-Forming Liquid?

Frontiers in Chemistry, 2020

The viscosity and the relaxation time of a glass-forming liquid vary over 15 orders of magnitude ... more The viscosity and the relaxation time of a glass-forming liquid vary over 15 orders of magnitude before the liquid freezes into a glass. The rate of the change with temperature is characterized by liquid fragility. The mechanism of such a spectacular behavior and the origin of fragility have long been discussed, but it remains unresolved because of the difficulty of carrying out experiments and constructing theories that bridge over a wide timescale from atomic (ps) to bulk (minutes). Through the x-ray diffraction measurement and molecular dynamics simulation for metallic liquids we suggest that large changes in viscosity can be caused by relatively small changes in the structural coherence which characterizes the medium-range order. Here the structural coherence does not imply that of atomic-scale structure, but it relates to the coarse-grained density fluctuations represented by the peaks in the pair-distribution function (PDF) beyond the nearest neighbors. The coherence length is related to fragility and increases with decreasing temperature, and it diverges only at a negative temperature. This analysis is compared with several current theories which predict a phase transition near the glass transition temperature.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Ion–Water Correlated Motions in Aqueous Salt Solutions

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Phase Stabilization of High Entropy Alloy under Dynamic Forcing Condition

Research paper thumbnail of Curie-Weiss behavior of liquid structure and ideal glass state

Scientific Reports, 2019

We present the results of a structural study of metallic alloy liquids from high temperature thro... more We present the results of a structural study of metallic alloy liquids from high temperature through the glass transition. We use high energy X-ray scattering and electro-static levitation in combination with molecular dynamics simulation and show that the height of the first peak of the structure function, S(Q) − 1, follows the Curie-Weiss law. The structural coherence length is proportional to the height of the first peak, and we suggest that its increase with cooling may be related to the rapid increase in viscosity. The Curie temperature is negative, implying an analogy with spin-glass. The Curie-Weiss behavior provides a pathway to an ideal glass state, a state with long-range correlation without lattice periodicity, which is characterized by highly diverse local structures, reminiscent of spin-glass.

Research paper thumbnail of C-Kit Expression, Angiogenesis, and Grading in Canine Mast Cell Tumour: A Unique Model to Study C-Kit Driven Human Malignancies

BioMed Research International, 2014

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberratio... more Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberrations found in human gastrointestinal stromal tumour. CMCT is classified into three forms: well- (G1), intermediately (G2) (more benign diseases), and poorly (G3) differentiated (malignant) forms. We assess a correlation between c-Kit status, grading, and angiogenesis in CMCTs to explore their potential significance in humans. C-Kit receptor (c-KitR) expression, microvascular density (MVD), and mast cell granulated and degranulated status density (MCGD and MCDD, resp.) were analyzed in 97 CMCTs, by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry double staining, and image analysis system. Data showed that predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic- and predominantly focal paranuclear- (Golgi-like) c-Kit protein (PDC-c-Kit and PFP-c-Kit, resp.) expression correlate with high MVD, G3 histopathological grade, and MCDD. Moreover, predominant cell membrane-c-KitR (PCM-c-KitR) expression status correlates w...

Research paper thumbnail of Serum tryptase, mast cells positive to tryptase and microvascular density evaluation in early breast cancer patients: possible translational significance

BMC Cancer, 2014

Background: Tryptase is a serine protease released from mast cells that plays a role in tumor ang... more Background: Tryptase is a serine protease released from mast cells that plays a role in tumor angiogenesis. In this study we aimed to evaluate serum tryptase levels in 105 female early breast cancer patients before (STLBS) and after (STLAS) radical surgical resection, mast cell density positive to tryptase (MCDPT) and microvascular density (MVD). Methods: STLBS and STLAS were assessed using the UniCAP Tryptase Fluoroenzyme immunoassay. Tumor sections were immunostained with a primary anti-tryptase antibody and an anti-CD-34 antibody by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: The mean ± 1 standard deviation STLBS and STLAS was 7.18 ± 2.63 μg/L, and 5.13 ± 2.21 respectively and a significant difference between mean levels was found (p = 0.0001) by student t-test. A strong correlation between STLBS and MVD (r = 0.81, p = 0.0001); STLBS and MCDPT (r = 0.69, p = 0.003); and MCDPT and MVD (r = 0.77; p = 0.0001) was found. Conclusions: Results demonstrated higher STLBS in breast cancer patients, indicating an involvement of MC tryptase in breast cancer angiogenesis. Therefore, serum tryptase levels may play a role as a novel surrogate angiogenic marker predictive of response to radical surgery in breast cancer patients. In this patients setting, it's intriguing to hypothesize that tryptase inhibitors might be evaluated in clinical trials.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery

Ejso, 2012

Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who under... more Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery M.Ammendola, R. Patruno, A. Fortunato, R.Rubini,G. Capriuolo, E. Ruggieri, R. Sacco, S. Montemurro, C.D. Gadaleta, G. Ranieri* 1 Chair of General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy Department of Prevention and Animal Health ASL BAT, Italy 3 Surgery Unit, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy 4 Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy * Corresponding author. Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Via Orazio Flacco, 65, Bari, 70124, Italy. Tel.: +39 080 5555561; fax: 0039 080 5555563. E-mail address: giroran@tiscalinet.it (G. Ranieri).

Research paper thumbnail of Why Is the Range of Timescale So Wide in Glass-Forming Liquid?

Frontiers in Chemistry, 2020

The viscosity and the relaxation time of a glass-forming liquid vary over 15 orders of magnitude ... more The viscosity and the relaxation time of a glass-forming liquid vary over 15 orders of magnitude before the liquid freezes into a glass. The rate of the change with temperature is characterized by liquid fragility. The mechanism of such a spectacular behavior and the origin of fragility have long been discussed, but it remains unresolved because of the difficulty of carrying out experiments and constructing theories that bridge over a wide timescale from atomic (ps) to bulk (minutes). Through the x-ray diffraction measurement and molecular dynamics simulation for metallic liquids we suggest that large changes in viscosity can be caused by relatively small changes in the structural coherence which characterizes the medium-range order. Here the structural coherence does not imply that of atomic-scale structure, but it relates to the coarse-grained density fluctuations represented by the peaks in the pair-distribution function (PDF) beyond the nearest neighbors. The coherence length is related to fragility and increases with decreasing temperature, and it diverges only at a negative temperature. This analysis is compared with several current theories which predict a phase transition near the glass transition temperature.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Ion–Water Correlated Motions in Aqueous Salt Solutions

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Phase Stabilization of High Entropy Alloy under Dynamic Forcing Condition

Research paper thumbnail of Curie-Weiss behavior of liquid structure and ideal glass state

Scientific Reports, 2019

We present the results of a structural study of metallic alloy liquids from high temperature thro... more We present the results of a structural study of metallic alloy liquids from high temperature through the glass transition. We use high energy X-ray scattering and electro-static levitation in combination with molecular dynamics simulation and show that the height of the first peak of the structure function, S(Q) − 1, follows the Curie-Weiss law. The structural coherence length is proportional to the height of the first peak, and we suggest that its increase with cooling may be related to the rapid increase in viscosity. The Curie temperature is negative, implying an analogy with spin-glass. The Curie-Weiss behavior provides a pathway to an ideal glass state, a state with long-range correlation without lattice periodicity, which is characterized by highly diverse local structures, reminiscent of spin-glass.

Research paper thumbnail of C-Kit Expression, Angiogenesis, and Grading in Canine Mast Cell Tumour: A Unique Model to Study C-Kit Driven Human Malignancies

BioMed Research International, 2014

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberratio... more Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberrations found in human gastrointestinal stromal tumour. CMCT is classified into three forms: well- (G1), intermediately (G2) (more benign diseases), and poorly (G3) differentiated (malignant) forms. We assess a correlation between c-Kit status, grading, and angiogenesis in CMCTs to explore their potential significance in humans. C-Kit receptor (c-KitR) expression, microvascular density (MVD), and mast cell granulated and degranulated status density (MCGD and MCDD, resp.) were analyzed in 97 CMCTs, by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry double staining, and image analysis system. Data showed that predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic- and predominantly focal paranuclear- (Golgi-like) c-Kit protein (PDC-c-Kit and PFP-c-Kit, resp.) expression correlate with high MVD, G3 histopathological grade, and MCDD. Moreover, predominant cell membrane-c-KitR (PCM-c-KitR) expression status correlates w...

Research paper thumbnail of Serum tryptase, mast cells positive to tryptase and microvascular density evaluation in early breast cancer patients: possible translational significance

BMC Cancer, 2014

Background: Tryptase is a serine protease released from mast cells that plays a role in tumor ang... more Background: Tryptase is a serine protease released from mast cells that plays a role in tumor angiogenesis. In this study we aimed to evaluate serum tryptase levels in 105 female early breast cancer patients before (STLBS) and after (STLAS) radical surgical resection, mast cell density positive to tryptase (MCDPT) and microvascular density (MVD). Methods: STLBS and STLAS were assessed using the UniCAP Tryptase Fluoroenzyme immunoassay. Tumor sections were immunostained with a primary anti-tryptase antibody and an anti-CD-34 antibody by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: The mean ± 1 standard deviation STLBS and STLAS was 7.18 ± 2.63 μg/L, and 5.13 ± 2.21 respectively and a significant difference between mean levels was found (p = 0.0001) by student t-test. A strong correlation between STLBS and MVD (r = 0.81, p = 0.0001); STLBS and MCDPT (r = 0.69, p = 0.003); and MCDPT and MVD (r = 0.77; p = 0.0001) was found. Conclusions: Results demonstrated higher STLBS in breast cancer patients, indicating an involvement of MC tryptase in breast cancer angiogenesis. Therefore, serum tryptase levels may play a role as a novel surrogate angiogenic marker predictive of response to radical surgery in breast cancer patients. In this patients setting, it's intriguing to hypothesize that tryptase inhibitors might be evaluated in clinical trials.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery

Ejso, 2012

Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who under... more Assessment of serum tryptase and c-Kit expressing cells from colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery M.Ammendola, R. Patruno, A. Fortunato, R.Rubini,G. Capriuolo, E. Ruggieri, R. Sacco, S. Montemurro, C.D. Gadaleta, G. Ranieri* 1 Chair of General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy Department of Prevention and Animal Health ASL BAT, Italy 3 Surgery Unit, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy 4 Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy * Corresponding author. Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Via Orazio Flacco, 65, Bari, 70124, Italy. Tel.: +39 080 5555561; fax: 0039 080 5555563. E-mail address: giroran@tiscalinet.it (G. Ranieri).