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Papers by giuseppe ardito

Comparative Karyology of Primates, 1979

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 1980

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 1988

In the present study the cytogenetic effects in hospital workers exposed to low-level radiation w... more In the present study the cytogenetic effects in hospital workers exposed to low-level radiation were evaluated. Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 63 subjects working in radiodiagnostics and from 30 subjects, working in the same hospitals, who were used as controls. A higher number of cells with chromosome-type aberrations (CA) was observed in the exposed workers vs. the controls and the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). No correlation was, on the contrary, found between CA and years of exposure. A significant difference was observed in the incidence of cells with CA between smokers and non-smokers, but in the control group only. In contrast, in the workers exposed to ionizing radiation, the frequency of cells with CA was very similar in smokers and non-smokers.

Caryologia, 1987

The large number of NOR bearing chromosomes that participate in associations makes Callithrix iac... more The large number of NOR bearing chromosomes that participate in associations makes Callithrix iacchus a particularly good non-human primate species in which to study this phenomena. The data recorded on 1700 associations (in 17 animals) demonstrates that the distribution of chromosomes in the metaphase spread is not random with the observed associations involving short acrocentric chromosomes much higher than expected (p < 0.01). The presence of multiple pairs of acrocentric NOR bearing chromosomes including the Y-chromosome, questions LEDBETIER's (1981) and LEDBETTER and VAN TUINEN's (1983) conclusions that multiple pairs of NOR bearing chromosomes in primates evolved during hominoid evolution, and that NOR bearing Y-chromosome found in Hylobates syndactylus and Hylobates concolor arose in a recent common ancestor of these two species.

Primates, 1995

Systematics and evolution of Malagasy lemurs has been analyzed using morphological characters, fo... more Systematics and evolution of Malagasy lemurs has been analyzed using morphological characters, fossil evidence, ecological/ethological data, and chromosomal banding patterns. Recent developments in DNA technology have provided evolutionary biologists with additional and powerful tools for making phylogenetic inference. In the last years several studies concerning highly repeated DNA sequences (hrDNA) provided new insights about the systematic relationships among the different

Primates, 1994

In this work 767 skulls of both wild caught and captive non-human primates were studied and the f... more In this work 767 skulls of both wild caught and captive non-human primates were studied and the following characteristics were analyzed: frequency of caries and osteolytic phenomena, presence of apical or radicular cysts, degree of bone atrophy and parodontal tissue alterations, neoplasies, supernumerary teeth, and cusps. Caries and osteolytic phenomena were more frequent in captive animals because of their "anthropic" diet, while frequency of dental fractures was higher in wild primates because of their higher environmental stress. The most frequent pathologies observed in non-human primates were tartar, parodontopathies, and condylar wear, while caries and osteolytic phenomena were minimal. Condylar wear was very frequent but not very marked and possibly due to "physiological" responses and not, as in humans, to a force unbalance which occurs in masticatory dynamics of the temporomandibular joint.

Mutation Research Letters, 1992

Mutation Research Letters, 1995

Lymphocytes from chimeric individuals of the species Callithrix jacchus (Primates) were examined ... more Lymphocytes from chimeric individuals of the species Callithrix jacchus (Primates) were examined to evaluate differences in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) between XX and XY cells. The aim was to discover whether SCE differ according to genetic sex and whether XX and XY cells show a different sensitivity to SCE inducing agents. This experimental model has enabled us to eliminate the possible differences caused by environmental factors. The results obtained do not reveal significant differences between male and female cells, in either the baseline SCE frequency or that induced by mitomycin C at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.03/xg/ml. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of high SCE frequency cells (HFC), even if it is possible to observe a higher level of exchanges in XX cells in each trial. With regard to the phenotypic sex, there appears to be a trend towards slightly higher SCE rates in females, even if results are not statistically significant.

Mutagenesis, 1989

Cytogenetic tests were performed on operating room personnel working in a Turin hospital. The aim... more Cytogenetic tests were performed on operating room personnel working in a Turin hospital. The aim of our study was to determine if any chromosome damage was caused by the use of anaesthetic gases. Blood samples were collected from 45 hospital workers: 15 exposed to anaesthetic gases, 15 exposed to both anaesthetic gases and ionizing radiations and 15 controls. An examination of sister-chromatid exchanges did not highlight significant differences when exposed subjects were compared to controls. Chromosomal aberrations were significantly higher (P = 0.029) in all the exposed personnel, while no statistically significant increase was observed in staff exclusively in contact with anaesthetic gases. Moreover there was a positive correlation for chromosome aberrations with the years of employment, when the entire exposed population was considered and when personnel from the different operating rooms were considered separately. Both sister-chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations were higher among smokers though differences were not statistically significant.

International Journal of Primatology, 2000

Systematic relationships among the African bush babies are not well understood. Various generic d... more Systematic relationships among the African bush babies are not well understood. Various generic designations are currently in use. Some authors refer all species to a single genus (Galago), while others recognize =4 genera. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphology, karyology, allozymes and vocal repertoires have generated inconsistent hypotheses of relationship. We analyzed partial sequences of three mitochondrial genes (270 bp from

Bolletino di zoologia, 1974

Genome, 1999

A new highly repeated DNA fragment isolated from Macaca fascicularis (MFASAT) is described. Our f... more A new highly repeated DNA fragment isolated from Macaca fascicularis (MFASAT) is described. Our findings obtained by sequencing, Southern blot analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphasic chromosomes strongly suggest that MFASAT can be considered as a member of the alphoid DNA family characteristic of Old World monkeys. The chromosomal localization of MFASAT, obtained by FISH, showed that this alphoid DNA is present in the peri-centromeric area of all the chromosomes. MFASAT showed a high degree of conservation when compared, by sequence alignment, to other Macaca species and Papio papio as expected for species with considerable genome conservation. A low degree of homology has been found comparing M. fascicularis alphoid DNA with a more distantly related Cercopithecidae species such as Cercopithecus aethiops.Key words: alphoid DNA, Macaca fascicularis, FISH, sequence alignment.

Folia Primatologica, 1992

Folia Primatologica, 1983

The karyotypes of Macaca fuscata and Cercocebus aterrrimus are compared after G, C and AgNOR band... more The karyotypes of Macaca fuscata and Cercocebus aterrrimus are compared after G, C and AgNOR banding. Although it is often assumed that the 42-chromosome monkeys (species of the genera Macaca, Papio, and Cercocebus) are identical at the chromosomal level, a number of clear and consistent differences between the karyotypes of these two taxa are described. These differences include one pericentric inversion and differences in staining intensity, particularly in centromeric and pericentromeric areas. It is probable that high resolution chromosome techniques could reveal more differences between taxa in the 42-chromosome group than are now believed to exist. It is therefore probable that karyological data could provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships in this group of Old World monkeys.

Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 1983

The relationship between cell kinetics and cell harvest time on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) a... more The relationship between cell kinetics and cell harvest time on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and NOR (marker chromosome) association was investigated in cultured Macaca fuscata lymphocytes. The average number of SCE’s in individuals ranged from 3.77 to 9.07 per cell. The highest SCE rate was founc in cultures harvested at 60 h. The data suggest a decrease in SCE frequency between 60 h and subsequent cell harvest at 72, 84, and 96 h. NOR association frequency was also affected by cell kinetics, as well as by eel harvest time. The highest association frequencies were at 48 h, when the number of first mitoses was greatest

Mutation Research Letters, 1981