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Papers by gehan mousa

International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 2022

Journal of business & statistical analysis, Jul 1, 2015

The paper examines the efficiency of banking sector in the Bahrain Bourse (2010-2013) using finan... more The paper examines the efficiency of banking sector in the Bahrain Bourse (2010-2013) using financial ratio analysis (FRA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). For FRA, the current study has used six ratios to evaluate three characteristics of banks efficiency (profitability; liquidity and risk). The results of FRA do not provide sufficient and complete information on the efficiency of banks. The results of DEA in the current study are obtained through a software namely DEAP 2.1 version. Under this approach, the findings have revealed that 2 banks only are fully efficient in the period (2010 -2013). Besides, other banks are found inefficient with technical efficiency scores less than one. A major advantage behind using DEA approach to measure performance is to identify opportunities for possible efficiency improvements by looking at the differences between efficient banks and inefficient ones. DEA identifies the quantities of inputs that should be reduced and the quantities of outputs that should be increased to improve efficiency for banks with technical score less than one.

Journal of business & statistical analysis, 2016

The environmental situation in Egypt constrains the national drive towards sustainable developmen... more The environmental situation in Egypt constrains the national drive towards sustainable development. Degradation of natural resources is a significant threat to agriculture and tourism, as well as to continued economic growth. Air and water pollution, as well as improper waste disposal, furthermore, cause significant health problems, lowers the quality of life, and even lead to increase mortality rates. The protection of the environment, in the sense of ecologically rational management of natural resource, is perceived today as a necessary condition for social and economic development. Therefore, the Egyptian government established in 1994 the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA) and its executive arm, the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) with the objective of integrating the environmental dimension into the national policies, plans, programs and projects and an immediate focus on the reduction of pollution rates for the protection of natural resources, biodiversity and the historical and cultural heritage, within the framework of sustainable development. The Egyptian government established the environmental law no. 4 of 1994 then its executive regulation in 1995 (EEAA, 2002), promulgating the Environment Law amended by Law no. 9 / 2009. The question, can environmental laws play a role in protecting the environment in Egypt?.

Ekonomska Istrazivanja-economic Research, May 17, 2023

International journal of academic research in accounting, finance and management sciences, Dec 18, 2014

This research examines the association between accounting conservatism and cash dividends of list... more This research examines the association between accounting conservatism and cash dividends of listed firms in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It has addressed two questions. First, does accounting conservatism actually work? Second, can accounting conservatism influence cash dividends of firms in the Kingdom of Bahrain? The findings of this study support the hypothesis that accounting conservatism plays an important role in reducing cash dividends and managing agency conflicts. It documents a significant negative association between accounting conservatism and cash dividends of Bahraini Firms.

International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 2021

2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 2020

This study seeks to answer a question about the relationship between related party transactions a... more This study seeks to answer a question about the relationship between related party transactions and the company's market value. It uses a sample of listed firms from six emerging markets namely, Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Kuwait, Jordan and United Arab Emirates. Our final sample consists of 261 firms with 1044 firm-year observations covering the period from 2015–2018. The study has classified related party transactions into five types namely, key management compensation, related party (due from-receivables), related party (due to-payables), related party (sales) and related party (purchases). The results show that two types of related party transactions namely, key management compensation and (Due to-payables) have a significant effect on firm's market value. For first type, there is a significant negative effect on firm value while, second type has a significant positive effect. In contrast, the other three related party transactions (purchases, sales and receivables) are not significantly associated with firm's market value.

Problems and Perspectives in Management, 2018

The study assesses corporate forward-looking disclosure by measuring four attributes, namely disc... more The study assesses corporate forward-looking disclosure by measuring four attributes, namely disclosure quantity, disclosure coverage, disclosure concentration and disclosure quality, through a sample of 34 listed firms in the Bahrain Bourse from 2014 to 2017. The study also investigates the relationship between these attributes and stock return volatility. Regression analysis has been employed with five different models to examine the relationship between the four attributes of corporate forward-looking disclosure and stock return volatility. The main finding of this study agrees with the results of Bravo et al. (2009) who found that the selection of a specific disclosure index could influence crucially the results of the analysis. In addition, stock return volatility has a statistically significant negative association with the three attributes of forward-looking disclosure, namely disclosure quantity, disclosure coverage and disclosure quality. In contrast, it has a non-significa...

2021 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 2021

The auditing profession is constantly promoting financial awareness and supporting timely audited... more The auditing profession is constantly promoting financial awareness and supporting timely audited financial information. This study empirically examines the impact of audit committee (AUC) attributes and external audit type on the audit report delay through a sample of 210 firm-year observations from Bahrain Bourse covering the period 2016–2020. Our findings show that AUC independence, AUC number of meetings and AUC financial expertise, as well as external audit type, have significant negative effect on the audit report delay, while AUC size has nonsignificant impact. These attributes have a vital role in the efficiency of the AUC and hence can increase the quality of financial reports. Furthermore, large audit firms can help in issuing the audit report in a timely manner.

Social Science Research Network, 2018

This study investigates the possible association between corporate governance (CG) and disclosure... more This study investigates the possible association between corporate governance (CG) and disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by listed companies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. An un-weighted CSR disclosure index including 41 information items has been developed to gather suitable information from corporate annual reports of 246 sampled listed companies from the six GCC countries covering the 2016 financial period. Five independent variables represent CG factors (board size, non-executive directors, role duality, female directors and size of the audit committee) in addition to three company characteristics (firm size, profitability and type of industry) are control variables in six regression models. Findings of regression models reveal that only board size and non-executive directors are determinants of CSR disclosure; conversely, no significant association is found between CSR disclosure and the other three CG variables.

Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2012

This research investigates the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms (e.g. board cha... more This research investigates the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms (e.g. board characteristics and ownership structure) on corporate value. The paper extends the previous literature in this area and provides evidence to this effect using a sample of listed companies on the Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE). In addition to Pearson correlation, this paper employs the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis to test the association between board characteristics and ownership structure as independent variables and corporate value (the dependent variable) measured by three different measures namely Tobin's Q; return on assets (ROA); and earnings per share (EPS). Statistical analysis, three models of OLS regression, revealed that board characteristics and ownership structure variables have a statistically significant effect on corporate value especially when measured by EPS. The scope of this study is limited to relatively listed companies on BSE. Finally, it would be interesting to duplicate this study in other countries, which have many similarities to the Bahraini environment.

International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 2013

This research provides insights into the dissemination of investor relations (IR) information on ... more This research provides insights into the dissemination of investor relations (IR) information on corporate web sites. Extensive literature examines the determinants of Internet disclosure. The paper extends this literature by examining the relationship between IR disclosure by companies listed on the Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE) at their web sites from one side and firm characteristics and corporate governance attributes from the other. An index of 31 items of IR disclosure was used. It was found that of the 40 companies included in this research, 34 (85%) had accessible web sites and of the 34 companies, only 9 (26.47%) companies had a separate section for IR information in their web sites. On average, the level of IR disclosure by Bahraini listed companies is relatively high. The univariate statistics showed that there is a significant association between the dependent variable (IR disclosure index) and most independent variables. This association is positive for firm size, board size, and board composition, while it is negative for firm type and firm performance. The regression analysis provides some support for the results which were already obtained in the univariate tests especially for the board size. * Return on assets was computed from companies' balance sheets of the year ended in Dec. 31, 2008.-Sources of needed data are third party web sites, Bahrain stock exchange, and companies' annual reports of the year ended Dec. 31, 2008. * Significant at the 0.05 level. Group 1: Access to the IR information; Group 2: Timeliness of IR information; Group 3: Financial reports and financial analysis information; and Group 4: CG and social responsibility information. Note: Full regression models in Appendix A.

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, Oct 6, 2014

This paper investigates some earning attributes (as the value relevance and predictability) of ac... more This paper investigates some earning attributes (as the value relevance and predictability) of accounting information provided under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the Bahrain Bourse (BHB) and the Muscat Securities Market (MSM). The sample used in this research consists of 280 year-firm observations from 40 different companies listed in BHB; and a total 203 year-firm observations from 29 companies listed in MSM covering the period 2005-11. The findings of the study suggest that, for BHB, the adoption of IFRS leads to improvement in the value relevance of financial reporting contradictory predictability attribute as predictability of accounting information in listed companies of BHB is reduced after the adaption of IFRS. In MSM, the adoption of IFRS captures approximately similar value relevance of accounting information before adoption IFRS, however, predictability of accounting information improves after the adaption of IFRS. It was clear that the IFRS adoption by companies in MSM enhances the predictability of accounting information more than in BHB.

2020 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry: Way Towards a Sustainable Economy (ICDABI), Oct 26, 2020

Our study investigates the effect of both the presence and percentage of female board directors o... more Our study investigates the effect of both the presence and percentage of female board directors on corporate financial performance. The main results of the study show that the presence of female directors in boards has a potential positive effect on corporate financial performance, while the percentage of females in boards has no significant effect. This result is due to the weak participation rate of females in boards of directors within the study sample, where their participation rate does not exceed 2.6%. Results of this study suggest increasing the percentage of females’ participation in the board of directors because of their positive effect on the firm’s financial performance. Therefore, these results might be useful for decision-makers, legislators, and policymakers in the GCC countries, who may support this by issuing regulations that support the participation of females in firms’ boards of directors.

International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, May 1, 2020

This study seeks to explore determinant factors in smart cities using a sample of 13 countries fr... more This study seeks to explore determinant factors in smart cities using a sample of 13 countries from the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) during the period from 2012 to 2018. The study suggests five determinant factors in smart cities namely, infrastructure; macroeconomic environment; health and education; technological readiness and innovation. These factors are measured using data collected from the Global Competitiveness Report over seven years from 2012 to 2018. To examine significant effects and causal relations between the five factors in smart cities, the study has conducted the path analysis. Two models with different paths are employed. The first has three paths among them one is not significant at the common levels of significance. The second model has four paths which all are statistically significant. Findings of the study reveal that the infrastructure and economy based on smart technology positively affect other factors (the education & health and innovation). In addition, the results demonstrate a high effect of technology readiness and macroeconomic environment as determinant factors in smart cities on other factors namely, health and education and innovation. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study on smart cities conducted in MENA countries to employ path analysis as a unique technique.

This study uses two models of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the performance effi... more This study uses two models of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the performance efficiency of a sample of listed Bahraini banking and investment firms. The first model (CCR Model) which introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) was used to measure the overall technical efficiency; while to measure pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency as two components of the overall technical efficiency, the second model (BCC Model) introduced by Banker, Charnes and Cooper's model - BCC (1984) was applied. Although the use of two different models to measure performance efficiency led to different results, each model has its own characteristics and uses. Therefore, the decision maker must determine his/her needs before selecting a model to be used in the measurement of corporate performance efficiency. The main finding indicates that different models provided different results over the 2013–17 period.

Journal of accounting in emerging economies, Jun 28, 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to empirically investigate the influence of ownership concentration and ide... more PurposeThe paper aims to empirically investigate the influence of ownership concentration and identity on firm performance using a sample of 99 of the most active publicly listed companies on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX).Design/methodology/approachFirm performance of the sampled companies was measured by two different accounting measures, namely return on assets “ROA”, return on equity “ROE”, then the ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis and the two‐stage least square (2SLS) regression analysis were employed.FindingsOLS and 2SLS regression analyses show that ownership concentration has significant impact on firm performance when measuring by ROE. Regarding ownership identity, OLS regression analyses by both ROA and ROE show that the overall ownership identity has a significant impact on firm performance, as well as particular types of investors such as funds. Further, ownership identity and firm performance (when measured by ROA) had a significant endogeneity problem supporting the use of 2SLS as an effective analysis tool for such investigation.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of such research may not be generalizable to different countries at different stages of development, or with different business environments and cultures. Also, the sampled companies, 99 Egyptian companies, may be a small number which needs to be extended in a future research.Originality/valueThis paper provides an empirical investigation on the association between ownership structure and firm performance in the Egyptian context. It examines the role played by two aspects of ownership structure: the fraction of shares owned by the three largest shareholding interests (ownership concentration) and the fraction of shares owned by different type of shareholders (ownership identity) including seven separate groups of owners.

The key objective of this study is to examine the possible association between board and audit co... more The key objective of this study is to examine the possible association between board and audit committee (AC) features on the disclosure extent of employee and product information (EPID) by listed firms in three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE. An EPID index containing 19 items has been applied to collect suitable information from sampled firms' annual reports and Websites. A total of 255 firm-year observations through the three GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, and UAE) was used over 3-year period (2017–2019). This study employed six independent variables representing board and AC features (Board independence, CEO duality, Board size, AC independence, AC number of meetings and AC size) after statistically controlling the effects of Firm type, Firm size, and External Auditor Quality. Regression findings reveal that only independent variable used in this research are not explaining the disclosure of employee information, however, they are significantly explaining the disclosure of product information. Further, AC size is the most essential variable determining EPID.

International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 2019

In this paper, we examine potential determinants of firm financial performance using data from 17... more In this paper, we examine potential determinants of firm financial performance using data from 177 USA listed companies for three distinct periods; prior to GFC, during the GFC, and post GFC. Based on the literature we have selected a number of possible determinants and have categorized them into four different groups to facilitate the analysis. They are; (i) executive director and CEO remuneration and incentivisation factors, (ii) institutional ownership factors, (iii) board practice and diversity factors, (iv) remuneration committees and remuneration consultants' factors. The market capitalisation (MCAP) is used as the dependent variable because actual profits and profit forecasts through continuous market disclosure have an immediate influence on share price, which in turn alters the MCAP of the respective company. Based on the results, the study concludes that for all three periods covered executive director and CEO remuneration variables are the most important determinants of financial performance of listed companies.