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Papers by govind chauhan

BMC Public Health

Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of ol... more Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of older adults in a family setup that is associated with caregiving and support. While family life and well-being are defined by emotion, caregiving, and support activities, dissatisfaction/discontent with living arrangements is a public health concern, which is increasing with a rise in the proportion of the older population in the country. The study examines the association of dissatisfaction with living arrangements with health outcomes among older men and women in India. Methods The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India'. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9181 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to present the preliminary estimates. For finding the association between various health outcomes over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used separately for ...

International journal of health sciences

Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that has broad-spectrum action against Gram-negative as we... more Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that has broad-spectrum action against Gram-negative as well as Gram Positive pathogens. The drug retention issues of ophthalmic drug delivery are a key parameter to select NLC gel as a deliver system. The purpose of the present investigation was to design, optimize and evaluate Lomefloxacin loaded nano structured lipid gel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization approach (hot), using Olive oil as liquid lipid, Stearic acid as solid lipid and tween 80 as surfactant. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs using Design-Expert 12 programme. Lipid ratio X1, surfactant concentrationX2, and homogenization cycle X3 are kept as three independent variables particle size (Y1 nm), entrapment efficiency (Y2 percent), and drug release percentage (Y3 percent) as dependent variables. NLCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The ef...

PLOS ONE, 2021

ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal mortality in India.... more ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal mortality in India. Uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) is recommended for atonic PPH cases not responding to uterotonics. This study assessed cost-effectiveness of three UBT devices used in Indian public health settings.MethodsA decision tree model was built to assess cost-effectiveness of Bakri-UBT and low-cost ESM-UBT alternatives as compared to the recommended standard of care i.e. condom-UBT intervention. A hypothetical annual cohort of women eligible for UBT intervention after experiencing atonic PPH in Indian public health facilities were evaluated for associated costs and outcomes over life-time horizon using a disaggregated societal perspective. Costs by undertaking primary costing and clinical parameters from published literature were used. Incremental cost per Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) averted, number of surgeries and maternal deaths with the interventions were estimated. An India specif...

Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health, 2015

Large numbers of women die globally due to pregnancy and childbirth-related causes, especially in... more Large numbers of women die globally due to pregnancy and childbirth-related causes, especially in less developed countries. Most of them die because they have no access to skilled birth attendance (SBA) and emergency care during pregnancy complications. This study assesses the inequality in the coverage of SBA during 1992-2006 in six regions of India. Data from all three rounds of National Family Health Survey conducted in 1992-93, 1998-99 and 2005-06 were used. The bi-variate analysis predicted probability obtained from logistic regression and concentration index were performed (a) to examine the trends and patterns, and (b) to show the within-group inequality in SBA in the six regions of India. The analysis of change over fifteen year period (1992-2006) shows considerable inequality in the coverage of SBA across regions. East, West and South regions have experienced a higher rate of increase in SBA than North and Central regions. The study suggests that periodic monitoring of the ...

Social Science Spectrum, 2016

India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR). However, this ave... more India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR). However, this average achievement masks the enormous rural-urban disparity in maternal health outcome. Using the third round of the National Family Health Survey, 2005-06, this study quantifies the contribution of selected predictors explaining the average rural-urban gap in use of full antenatal care, medical assistance at delivery,and post-natal care in India. Descriptive analysis and non-linear decomposition (Fairlie’s decomposition) technique are used to quantify the contribution of factors explaining the average gap. Result shows that there is a large gap in the use of the services between rural and urban areas with lower coverage of the services in rural areas. Economic status of the household is the largest contributor to the rural-urban gap in the use of the services followed by women’s education and exposure to media. Current working status of mother and religion are the factors which are minimi...

International Journal of Scientific Reports, 2021

Background: The paper aims to explore the magnitude of the nutritional status and socio-economic ... more Background: The paper aims to explore the magnitude of the nutritional status and socio-economic inequality among children in various regions of Uttar Pradesh in rural-urban areas.Methods: Fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16) data was used. Multivariate logistic regression and decomposition analysis were employed to understand the socio-economic inequality.Results: Finding shows that the Bundelkhand region has the highest prevalence of underweight (45.4 per 100) and wasted (29.5 per 100) children while Purvanchal region has the majority of stunted (48.3 per 100) children. The rural area has the highest percentage of underweight (40.9 percent) children followed by stunted (48.4 percent) and wasted (17.9 percent) respectively. About half of the children are underweight (46.3 percent) whose mother has no schooling, with more than 55 percent of the stunted children, and approximately 18 percent of children are wasted. Other findings of the study are: wasted childr...

Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2021

Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a frequently encountered condition in trauma and orthopaedic pra... more Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a frequently encountered condition in trauma and orthopaedic practice, and delayed or inappropriate management may lead to worse oncological outcomes, dysfunction and reoperation. Updated guidance from the British Orthopaedic Oncology Society (BOOS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), in 2015, aimed to raise awareness of such risks and to set clear standards for the provision of care in MBD patients. However, it is unclear whether these recommendations have been routinely adopted into clinical practice. BOOS and BOA aim to revise and update this guidance, and British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma (BOAST) guidelines relating to MBD management are due to be published. The aim of this collaborative audit is to evaluate and benchmark current practice in the management of MBD prior to the publication of these BOAST guidelines, providing a baseline comparison for further future re-audit.

Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2021

Introduction The incidence of femoral periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) in the UK is on the rise. T... more Introduction The incidence of femoral periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) in the UK is on the rise. This rising incidence presents a clinical and an economic burden on the national health care services. There is also uncertainty about the most effective treatment modality for femoral PPFs, as well as a lack of evidence for a standardized management approach. We aimed to identify the true incidence and any variation in the management of femoral PPFs nationally. Methods and analysis This multicentre national collaborative study has been designed by a trainee led research network in collaboration with a well-established university research organization. Data will be collected from participating centres over a period of 10 years (2010–2019). All adults presenting with a femoral PPF will be identified, and the mode of treatment for each fracture subtype will be recorded. Other measures will evaluate patient and treatment variables, objective and subjective outcome measures. Univariate and mu...

BMJ Open, 2021

ObjectivePostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the worldwide leading cause of preventable maternal mort... more ObjectivePostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the worldwide leading cause of preventable maternal mortality. India offers free treatment for pregnancy and related complications in its public health facilities. Management with uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) is recommended for refractory atonic PPH cases. As part of health technology assessment to determine the most cost-effective UBT device, this study estimated costs of atonic PPH management with condom-UBT, Every Second Matters (ESM) UBT and Bakri balloon UBT in public health system of Maharashtra, India.DesignHealth system cost was estimated using primary economic microcosting, data from Health Management Information System and published literature for event probabilities.SettingsFour public health facilities from the state of Maharashtra, India representing primary, secondary and tertiary level care were chosen for primary costing.Outcome measuresUnit, package and annual cost of atonic PPH management with three UBT devices were measu...

International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2020

The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health s... more The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health services in the Three tribal-dominated states of India namely Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. Both bivariate and multivariate techniques have been applied for data analysis. Logistic regression techniques and concentration curve and index have been used . Findings of the study indicate that there were wider socio-economic differential exits in the utilization of MCH services (full ANC, Safe delivery and post-natal care) in all the three states under study. The regression result shows that the tribal population is less likely to utilize maternal and child health care services than other Caste groups. The economic inequality in accessing the all three components of maternal health care utilization was higher in the Jharkhand than Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Further, economic inequality was higher in accessing the f...

Maternal healthcare financing is key to the smooth functioning of maternal health systems in a co... more Maternal healthcare financing is key to the smooth functioning of maternal health systems in a country. In India, maternal healthcare persists as a significant public health issue. Adequate health insurance could transform the utilization of maternal health care services to prevent maternal consequences. This paper aims to examine the health insurance policies that cover maternal health and their performance in India. The unit-level social consumption data on health by the National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), conducted in India (2017-18), is used. Bi-variate analysis, logistic regression, and propensity scoring matching (PSM) are used to evaluate the coverage of health insurance coverage on women’s maternal health care utilization. Our findings suggest that spending on health insurance can benefit pregnant women, especially among the poor, without financial stress. The study has also minimized the financial burden and prevent high-risk pregnancy-related complications and con...

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2020

This study reports the development of The Hearing Parents' Perceptions of Health Professionals' A... more This study reports the development of The Hearing Parents' Perceptions of Health Professionals' Advice Questionnaire (HPP/HPQ). This questionnaire was designed to investigate the impact of the advice and information that parents receive from health professionals during the time when their child's hearing loss is identified and how parents, in turn, make initial decisions about services and interventions for their deaf child. Once developed, the HPP/HPQ was partially validated on 2 separate samples. Analysis of data from both samples supported a 14-item questionnaire, with all items loading onto a single composite factor. The implications of how this tool can be used to both help improve health professionals' services and gain an understanding of how the relationship between hearing parents and health professionals might influence developmental outcomes in deaf children are discussed.

The Lancet, 2020

(2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-... more (2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet.

International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2020

This research paper aimed at investigating the effect of the covid19 pandemic lockdown on the sur... more This research paper aimed at investigating the effect of the covid19 pandemic lockdown on the surface water (rivers, canals, dams and lakes) quality of Rajasthan state of India.The data was collected from sixty independent monitoring stations control by the State Pollution Control Board;and was analyzed and compared with the result of April of 2019 using the Indian standardfor water quality recommendations (IS: 2296:1992). The result shows that lockdown has contributed immensely to the improvement of the surface water quality.This was due to the reduction of industrials, transportationand other anthropogenic activities that mostly contributed to the release of toxic effluents and gases which lead to the surface water contamination.Therefore, a periodic based assessment should be employed so that the quality level of surface water can be monitored and controlled as well as enforcing laws to both industries, and general public regarding refuse dumping.

Nature Medicine, 2020

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experie... more A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, poli...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019

India's National Rating System on Green Buildings-GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Asse... more India's National Rating System on Green Buildings-GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) has been certified by the MNRE, Govt. of India which is suitable for all kinds of building in different climatic zones of India. Many building rating systems exist at the international levels which are active in the field of creating knowledge and familiarizing the concept of green design. National Rating System like GRIHA has been adapted to suit the specific requirements of the building industry of the country in which they have been developed. Like the LEED rating system is based on the energy efficiency measures mainly in air conditioned buildings. There needs to be a different rating system for a country like India, having hot climate, less air conditioned buildings and more agricultural activities. GRIHA is able to assess a building on the level of its greenness. by its qualitative and quantitative assessment criteria .This rating is valid for new as well as existing buildings, may be of any nature-residential, commercial or institutional. This Article reviews an overall concept of green buildings in context to the Indian Rating System-GRIHA.

The Lancet, 2019

Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, governm... more Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050

International Research Journal of Social Sciences

Child health is the one of important indicator of development of the nation. It also indicates th... more Child health is the one of important indicator of development of the nation. It also indicates the demographic status of any country and illustrates the future of human resource capital potential of the nation. Three standard indices of physical health/ growth of children, proposed by WHO, are "Height-forage (stunting), Weight-for-height (wasting) and Weight-forage (underweight)". Child health was started emphasised and majorly focused globally during ICPD 1994 with considering it as a co-domain of Maternal health and named as MCH (Maternal and Child health). In the present study, we try to investigate the label of child health status in two demographically important mega cities as Meerut and Chennai. The prime objective of the study is to examine the relationship between background characteristics of the city and the status of child health and its influencing significant factors. NFHS-3 data was used for analysis. To examine the differential health status of the child across slum and non-slum population, bi-variate technique execute while Chi-square test has been used to understand the significant of background characteristics on child health status. The results show that the stunting is higher for Meerut than Chennai, as a little less than double. This difference is not much greater for slum children (27.7, 45.8) compare to non-slum (25.7, 42.2) in both the cities Meerut and Chennai respectively. For wasted and underweight characteristics, Chennai has a greater contribution than Meerut, and subsequently it is higher for slum over non-slum population. Wasted difference gap between slum and non-slum is higher for Chennai compare to Meerut, that is, 10.4 points and 4.1 points respectively. As a part of policy implication, one should enhance the nutritional status of the child as well as mother breastfeeding must be encouraged.

Healthcare in Low-resource Settings, 2015

Each year between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula, a hole in ... more Each year between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula, a hole in the birth canal. Obstetric fistula is one of the major cause for maternal morbidities and mortality and it has been successfully eradicated in developed nations. Women who experience obstetric fistula suffer constant incontinence, shame, and social segregation. Obstetric fistula is prevalent in African and Asian countries, including India. In India, data has been collected in a large scale survey of district level household survey regarding obstetric fistula and its causes. In this study, efforts are endeavoured to understand the prevalence and causes of obstetric fistula in Assam state, India, where prevalence of obstetric fistula is very high (4.5%). Chi-square test was applied to determine the affecting factors of obstetric fistula. Results showing the socioeconomic status, education, place of residence and age group are important determinants in variation of fistula prevalence among ...

International Journal of Population Research, 2015

Odisha, one of the socioeconomically disadvantaged states of India, registers high maternal death... more Odisha, one of the socioeconomically disadvantaged states of India, registers high maternal deaths. The state features wide regional and sociodemographic diversity with the Koraput-Balangir-Kalahandi (KBK) districts, dominated by disadvantaged tribal population. This study aims to assess the level and pattern of maternal healthcare services utilization among different subgroups of women in Odisha with a special focus on the regional, economic, and educational inequality using the latest District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-III, 2007-08). Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to understand the pattern of utilization of maternal healthcare services among women by different background characteristics. Concentration curve and decomposition analysis were used to understand the inequalities in utilization of maternal healthcare services and contribution of different socioeconomic factors. Results reveal wide regional variation in the utiliz...

BMC Public Health

Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of ol... more Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of older adults in a family setup that is associated with caregiving and support. While family life and well-being are defined by emotion, caregiving, and support activities, dissatisfaction/discontent with living arrangements is a public health concern, which is increasing with a rise in the proportion of the older population in the country. The study examines the association of dissatisfaction with living arrangements with health outcomes among older men and women in India. Methods The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India'. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9181 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to present the preliminary estimates. For finding the association between various health outcomes over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used separately for ...

International journal of health sciences

Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that has broad-spectrum action against Gram-negative as we... more Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that has broad-spectrum action against Gram-negative as well as Gram Positive pathogens. The drug retention issues of ophthalmic drug delivery are a key parameter to select NLC gel as a deliver system. The purpose of the present investigation was to design, optimize and evaluate Lomefloxacin loaded nano structured lipid gel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization approach (hot), using Olive oil as liquid lipid, Stearic acid as solid lipid and tween 80 as surfactant. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs using Design-Expert 12 programme. Lipid ratio X1, surfactant concentrationX2, and homogenization cycle X3 are kept as three independent variables particle size (Y1 nm), entrapment efficiency (Y2 percent), and drug release percentage (Y3 percent) as dependent variables. NLCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The ef...

PLOS ONE, 2021

ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal mortality in India.... more ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal mortality in India. Uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) is recommended for atonic PPH cases not responding to uterotonics. This study assessed cost-effectiveness of three UBT devices used in Indian public health settings.MethodsA decision tree model was built to assess cost-effectiveness of Bakri-UBT and low-cost ESM-UBT alternatives as compared to the recommended standard of care i.e. condom-UBT intervention. A hypothetical annual cohort of women eligible for UBT intervention after experiencing atonic PPH in Indian public health facilities were evaluated for associated costs and outcomes over life-time horizon using a disaggregated societal perspective. Costs by undertaking primary costing and clinical parameters from published literature were used. Incremental cost per Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) averted, number of surgeries and maternal deaths with the interventions were estimated. An India specif...

Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health, 2015

Large numbers of women die globally due to pregnancy and childbirth-related causes, especially in... more Large numbers of women die globally due to pregnancy and childbirth-related causes, especially in less developed countries. Most of them die because they have no access to skilled birth attendance (SBA) and emergency care during pregnancy complications. This study assesses the inequality in the coverage of SBA during 1992-2006 in six regions of India. Data from all three rounds of National Family Health Survey conducted in 1992-93, 1998-99 and 2005-06 were used. The bi-variate analysis predicted probability obtained from logistic regression and concentration index were performed (a) to examine the trends and patterns, and (b) to show the within-group inequality in SBA in the six regions of India. The analysis of change over fifteen year period (1992-2006) shows considerable inequality in the coverage of SBA across regions. East, West and South regions have experienced a higher rate of increase in SBA than North and Central regions. The study suggests that periodic monitoring of the ...

Social Science Spectrum, 2016

India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR). However, this ave... more India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR). However, this average achievement masks the enormous rural-urban disparity in maternal health outcome. Using the third round of the National Family Health Survey, 2005-06, this study quantifies the contribution of selected predictors explaining the average rural-urban gap in use of full antenatal care, medical assistance at delivery,and post-natal care in India. Descriptive analysis and non-linear decomposition (Fairlie’s decomposition) technique are used to quantify the contribution of factors explaining the average gap. Result shows that there is a large gap in the use of the services between rural and urban areas with lower coverage of the services in rural areas. Economic status of the household is the largest contributor to the rural-urban gap in the use of the services followed by women’s education and exposure to media. Current working status of mother and religion are the factors which are minimi...

International Journal of Scientific Reports, 2021

Background: The paper aims to explore the magnitude of the nutritional status and socio-economic ... more Background: The paper aims to explore the magnitude of the nutritional status and socio-economic inequality among children in various regions of Uttar Pradesh in rural-urban areas.Methods: Fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16) data was used. Multivariate logistic regression and decomposition analysis were employed to understand the socio-economic inequality.Results: Finding shows that the Bundelkhand region has the highest prevalence of underweight (45.4 per 100) and wasted (29.5 per 100) children while Purvanchal region has the majority of stunted (48.3 per 100) children. The rural area has the highest percentage of underweight (40.9 percent) children followed by stunted (48.4 percent) and wasted (17.9 percent) respectively. About half of the children are underweight (46.3 percent) whose mother has no schooling, with more than 55 percent of the stunted children, and approximately 18 percent of children are wasted. Other findings of the study are: wasted childr...

Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2021

Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a frequently encountered condition in trauma and orthopaedic pra... more Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a frequently encountered condition in trauma and orthopaedic practice, and delayed or inappropriate management may lead to worse oncological outcomes, dysfunction and reoperation. Updated guidance from the British Orthopaedic Oncology Society (BOOS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), in 2015, aimed to raise awareness of such risks and to set clear standards for the provision of care in MBD patients. However, it is unclear whether these recommendations have been routinely adopted into clinical practice. BOOS and BOA aim to revise and update this guidance, and British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma (BOAST) guidelines relating to MBD management are due to be published. The aim of this collaborative audit is to evaluate and benchmark current practice in the management of MBD prior to the publication of these BOAST guidelines, providing a baseline comparison for further future re-audit.

Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2021

Introduction The incidence of femoral periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) in the UK is on the rise. T... more Introduction The incidence of femoral periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) in the UK is on the rise. This rising incidence presents a clinical and an economic burden on the national health care services. There is also uncertainty about the most effective treatment modality for femoral PPFs, as well as a lack of evidence for a standardized management approach. We aimed to identify the true incidence and any variation in the management of femoral PPFs nationally. Methods and analysis This multicentre national collaborative study has been designed by a trainee led research network in collaboration with a well-established university research organization. Data will be collected from participating centres over a period of 10 years (2010–2019). All adults presenting with a femoral PPF will be identified, and the mode of treatment for each fracture subtype will be recorded. Other measures will evaluate patient and treatment variables, objective and subjective outcome measures. Univariate and mu...

BMJ Open, 2021

ObjectivePostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the worldwide leading cause of preventable maternal mort... more ObjectivePostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the worldwide leading cause of preventable maternal mortality. India offers free treatment for pregnancy and related complications in its public health facilities. Management with uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) is recommended for refractory atonic PPH cases. As part of health technology assessment to determine the most cost-effective UBT device, this study estimated costs of atonic PPH management with condom-UBT, Every Second Matters (ESM) UBT and Bakri balloon UBT in public health system of Maharashtra, India.DesignHealth system cost was estimated using primary economic microcosting, data from Health Management Information System and published literature for event probabilities.SettingsFour public health facilities from the state of Maharashtra, India representing primary, secondary and tertiary level care were chosen for primary costing.Outcome measuresUnit, package and annual cost of atonic PPH management with three UBT devices were measu...

International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2020

The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health s... more The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health services in the Three tribal-dominated states of India namely Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. Both bivariate and multivariate techniques have been applied for data analysis. Logistic regression techniques and concentration curve and index have been used . Findings of the study indicate that there were wider socio-economic differential exits in the utilization of MCH services (full ANC, Safe delivery and post-natal care) in all the three states under study. The regression result shows that the tribal population is less likely to utilize maternal and child health care services than other Caste groups. The economic inequality in accessing the all three components of maternal health care utilization was higher in the Jharkhand than Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Further, economic inequality was higher in accessing the f...

Maternal healthcare financing is key to the smooth functioning of maternal health systems in a co... more Maternal healthcare financing is key to the smooth functioning of maternal health systems in a country. In India, maternal healthcare persists as a significant public health issue. Adequate health insurance could transform the utilization of maternal health care services to prevent maternal consequences. This paper aims to examine the health insurance policies that cover maternal health and their performance in India. The unit-level social consumption data on health by the National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), conducted in India (2017-18), is used. Bi-variate analysis, logistic regression, and propensity scoring matching (PSM) are used to evaluate the coverage of health insurance coverage on women’s maternal health care utilization. Our findings suggest that spending on health insurance can benefit pregnant women, especially among the poor, without financial stress. The study has also minimized the financial burden and prevent high-risk pregnancy-related complications and con...

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2020

This study reports the development of The Hearing Parents' Perceptions of Health Professionals' A... more This study reports the development of The Hearing Parents' Perceptions of Health Professionals' Advice Questionnaire (HPP/HPQ). This questionnaire was designed to investigate the impact of the advice and information that parents receive from health professionals during the time when their child's hearing loss is identified and how parents, in turn, make initial decisions about services and interventions for their deaf child. Once developed, the HPP/HPQ was partially validated on 2 separate samples. Analysis of data from both samples supported a 14-item questionnaire, with all items loading onto a single composite factor. The implications of how this tool can be used to both help improve health professionals' services and gain an understanding of how the relationship between hearing parents and health professionals might influence developmental outcomes in deaf children are discussed.

The Lancet, 2020

(2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-... more (2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet.

International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2020

This research paper aimed at investigating the effect of the covid19 pandemic lockdown on the sur... more This research paper aimed at investigating the effect of the covid19 pandemic lockdown on the surface water (rivers, canals, dams and lakes) quality of Rajasthan state of India.The data was collected from sixty independent monitoring stations control by the State Pollution Control Board;and was analyzed and compared with the result of April of 2019 using the Indian standardfor water quality recommendations (IS: 2296:1992). The result shows that lockdown has contributed immensely to the improvement of the surface water quality.This was due to the reduction of industrials, transportationand other anthropogenic activities that mostly contributed to the release of toxic effluents and gases which lead to the surface water contamination.Therefore, a periodic based assessment should be employed so that the quality level of surface water can be monitored and controlled as well as enforcing laws to both industries, and general public regarding refuse dumping.

Nature Medicine, 2020

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experie... more A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, poli...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019

India's National Rating System on Green Buildings-GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Asse... more India's National Rating System on Green Buildings-GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) has been certified by the MNRE, Govt. of India which is suitable for all kinds of building in different climatic zones of India. Many building rating systems exist at the international levels which are active in the field of creating knowledge and familiarizing the concept of green design. National Rating System like GRIHA has been adapted to suit the specific requirements of the building industry of the country in which they have been developed. Like the LEED rating system is based on the energy efficiency measures mainly in air conditioned buildings. There needs to be a different rating system for a country like India, having hot climate, less air conditioned buildings and more agricultural activities. GRIHA is able to assess a building on the level of its greenness. by its qualitative and quantitative assessment criteria .This rating is valid for new as well as existing buildings, may be of any nature-residential, commercial or institutional. This Article reviews an overall concept of green buildings in context to the Indian Rating System-GRIHA.

The Lancet, 2019

Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, governm... more Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050

International Research Journal of Social Sciences

Child health is the one of important indicator of development of the nation. It also indicates th... more Child health is the one of important indicator of development of the nation. It also indicates the demographic status of any country and illustrates the future of human resource capital potential of the nation. Three standard indices of physical health/ growth of children, proposed by WHO, are "Height-forage (stunting), Weight-for-height (wasting) and Weight-forage (underweight)". Child health was started emphasised and majorly focused globally during ICPD 1994 with considering it as a co-domain of Maternal health and named as MCH (Maternal and Child health). In the present study, we try to investigate the label of child health status in two demographically important mega cities as Meerut and Chennai. The prime objective of the study is to examine the relationship between background characteristics of the city and the status of child health and its influencing significant factors. NFHS-3 data was used for analysis. To examine the differential health status of the child across slum and non-slum population, bi-variate technique execute while Chi-square test has been used to understand the significant of background characteristics on child health status. The results show that the stunting is higher for Meerut than Chennai, as a little less than double. This difference is not much greater for slum children (27.7, 45.8) compare to non-slum (25.7, 42.2) in both the cities Meerut and Chennai respectively. For wasted and underweight characteristics, Chennai has a greater contribution than Meerut, and subsequently it is higher for slum over non-slum population. Wasted difference gap between slum and non-slum is higher for Chennai compare to Meerut, that is, 10.4 points and 4.1 points respectively. As a part of policy implication, one should enhance the nutritional status of the child as well as mother breastfeeding must be encouraged.

Healthcare in Low-resource Settings, 2015

Each year between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula, a hole in ... more Each year between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula, a hole in the birth canal. Obstetric fistula is one of the major cause for maternal morbidities and mortality and it has been successfully eradicated in developed nations. Women who experience obstetric fistula suffer constant incontinence, shame, and social segregation. Obstetric fistula is prevalent in African and Asian countries, including India. In India, data has been collected in a large scale survey of district level household survey regarding obstetric fistula and its causes. In this study, efforts are endeavoured to understand the prevalence and causes of obstetric fistula in Assam state, India, where prevalence of obstetric fistula is very high (4.5%). Chi-square test was applied to determine the affecting factors of obstetric fistula. Results showing the socioeconomic status, education, place of residence and age group are important determinants in variation of fistula prevalence among ...

International Journal of Population Research, 2015

Odisha, one of the socioeconomically disadvantaged states of India, registers high maternal death... more Odisha, one of the socioeconomically disadvantaged states of India, registers high maternal deaths. The state features wide regional and sociodemographic diversity with the Koraput-Balangir-Kalahandi (KBK) districts, dominated by disadvantaged tribal population. This study aims to assess the level and pattern of maternal healthcare services utilization among different subgroups of women in Odisha with a special focus on the regional, economic, and educational inequality using the latest District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-III, 2007-08). Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to understand the pattern of utilization of maternal healthcare services among women by different background characteristics. Concentration curve and decomposition analysis were used to understand the inequalities in utilization of maternal healthcare services and contribution of different socioeconomic factors. Results reveal wide regional variation in the utiliz...