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Papers by Gudisa Bereda

BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Diabetes and Preventive Medicine

Elevated blood sugar levels, which are either brought on by inadequate insulin synthesis by the p... more Elevated blood sugar levels, which are either brought on by inadequate insulin synthesis by the pancreas or by incorrect insulin usage by the body, characterize diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease. Diabetes mellitus can cause renal failure, and those with the condition are at least 10 times more likely to have to amputate a foot due to diabetes than those without it. High blood sugar levels are thought to contribute to kidney and heart problems. A rapid rate of beta cell malfunction and sequences resulting from an absolute lack of insulin hormone secretion may be used to describe type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus often manifests itself in young patients, although it may also affect adults. Diabetic neuropathy, one of the most severe microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a metabolic-vascular disorder that compromises the structure and function of peripheral somatic or autonomic nerves without inducing inflammation. Dehydrati...

BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Diabetes and Preventive Medicine

David Miranda, a physical therapist and the proprietor of Excel Rehabilitation Services in Gonzal... more David Miranda, a physical therapist and the proprietor of Excel Rehabilitation Services in Gonzales, Louisiana, asserts that excessive exercise is harmful to human health and counterproductive. Women who exercise excessively run a higher risk of developing the “female athlete triad,” which includes eating disorders, osteoporosis, and loss of bone mineral density. Intense exercise has been shown to lower libido in men; this may be due to physical exhaustion and low testosterone levels. According to German research that was recently published online in the journal Heart, excessive high-intensity exercise may actually increase the risk of dying from a heart attack or stroke in people who already have heart disease. Too much exercise without adequate recovery might cause low testosterone levels and high amounts of the stress hormone cortisol. Overtraining can increase stress hormone levels, and increase the risk of injury, weariness, and muscle loss. The Wall Street Journal’s article “A...

Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care

Miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, low birth weight, and a range of lifelong disorders can... more Miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, low birth weight, and a range of lifelong disorders can caused by excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy is called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol is the most hazardous teratogens which are substances that can detriment an advancing fetus. Every time a pregnant woman has a drink; her unborn child has only, too. Alcohol, like carbon monoxide from cigarettes, passes easily through the placenta from the mother's bloodstream into her baby's blood and puts her fetus at risk of having a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Drinking alcohol while pregnant can result in cognitive, social, and motor inadequacies and distinctive lifelong challenges. Usage of alcoholic beverages by pregnant women perhaps results in abortion, fetal mortality and prematurity. The intentions of this review is to teach the women about risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on their child and also on themselves and warn them to cease alcohol duri...

Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care

The pediatrics has various pharmacodynamic, physiological and pharmacokinetic properties as well ... more The pediatrics has various pharmacodynamic, physiological and pharmacokinetic properties as well as growth rate in comparison with adults. Gastric pH is neutral at birth but falls to pH 1-3 within twenty four to forty eight hours after birth. At birth, the blood-brain barrier is still not fully mature and medicinal products perhaps obtain access to the central nervous system with sequence toxicity. Plasma protein attaching of compounds is dependent on the amount of present attaching proteins, the number of available binding sites, the affinity constant of the medicine for the protein(s), and the availability of pathophysiological conditions or endogenous compounds that perhaps change the medicine-protein attaching interaction. Total body water, explained as percentage of body weight, reduces with age, from comparatively 80% in newborns to 60% by 1 year of age. Reversibly, body fat accelerates with age, from one percent to two percent in a preterm neonate to ten percent to fifteen pe...

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics may be defined as the study of the dynamic movements of foreign chemicals (xenob... more Pharmacokinetics may be defined as the study of the dynamic movements of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) during their passage through the body and as such encompass the kinetics of absorption, distribution, biotransformation/metabolism and excretion. Absorption is the process that brings a drug from the administration, e.g., tablet, capsule, into the systemic circulation. Bioavailability is the fraction of the originally administered drug that arrives in systemic circulation and depends on the properties of the substance and the mode of administration. It can be a direct reflection of medication absorption. Distribution describes how a substance is spread throughout the body. This varies based on the biochemical properties of the drug as well as the physiology of the individual taking that medication. In the body, a drug may be protein-bound or free. Only free drug can act at its pharmacologically active sites, e.g., receptors, cross into other fluid compartments, or be eliminated. Metabolism is the processing of the drug by the body into subsequent compounds. Excretion is the process by which the drug is eliminated from the body. The pharmacokinetic term half-life (t1/ 2) refers to the time taken for half the initial dose of medicine administered to be eliminated from the body. After three to five half-lives the drug is considered undetectable and unable to exert a pharmacodynamic effect.

BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Diabetes and Preventive Medicine

Since high blood glucose levels might result from inadequate insulin levels, diabetic ketoacidosi... more Since high blood glucose levels might result from inadequate insulin levels, diabetic ketoacidosis is more common in those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis develops only when there is insufficient insulin in the body to convert blood sugar into energy. The liver then uses the acids created by this process, known as ketones, to breakdown fat for energy. Osmotic diuresis, which results in significant amounts of urine production and volume depletion, as well as dehydration, occurs when an excessive amount of glucose enters the renal tubules of an individual with diabetes. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can be more likely to cause hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. More often than not, people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who do not have their diabetes under control will experience hyperglycemic and hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome. The majority of cases of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome occur in peopl...

Co-infection with COVID-19 and TB frequently results in fever, coughing, hypotension, a changed b... more Co-infection with COVID-19 and TB frequently results in fever, coughing, hypotension, a changed blood cell count, raised liver enzymes, and decreased hemoglobin. On May 19, 2022, a retired black African woman in her 59s arrived at the emergency room with a tuberculosis diagnosis. She had no recent travel history and was COVID-19-infected. Five days prior to her admission, her sons, who worked in the medical field, were found to be infected with the COVID-19 infection. The patient arrived at the emergency room with weak muscles, a fever, a productive cough, a sore throat, a lack of appetite, a headache, night sweats, and shortness of breath that had lasted for a day. On chest auscultation, there were reduced breath sounds in the right middle and upper lungs. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without rifampicin resistance was detected in a sputum sample using the GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin tests. After 36 hours, a throat swab polymerase chain reaction tes...

Journal of Clinical and Medical Images, Case Reports

Bipolar disorder is a mental pathology that has been known since ancient times and has its origin... more Bipolar disorder is a mental pathology that has been known since ancient times and has its origin in the concept of “mania,” a term that comes from the Greek “µανια,” meaning “madness” or “frenzy”. Bipolar II is a history of at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one episode of major depression. Drug treatment for bipolar disorder has three symptom targets such as manic symptoms, mixed episodes, or depression and is usually given in stages. Lithium salts showed great efficacy in the treatment of manic disorder and they did so in a short period of time within several days. Lithium is the drug of choice in treating recurrent bipolar affective disorder (i.e., manic-depressive illness). Lithium was also relatively effective in treating manic manifestations in early dementia.

Open Access Emergency Medicine

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute and severe complication commonly occurring in individuals with ... more Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute and severe complication commonly occurring in individuals with type-1 diabetes mellitus due to absolute insulin deficiency. A 28-year-old Black woman, gravida 2, para 2, secondary school teacher was admitted at 31 weeks of gestation to the obstetric ward on August 12/2022 with a two-day history of nausea and vomiting. She had a history of insulindependent diabetes mellitus four years earlier. She missed her insulin dose one day due to traveling to the village for greeting her family. She presented with a two-day history of nausea and vomiting, and a one-day history of shortness of breath, abdominal tenderness, hypotension, elevated heart rate, increased respiratory rate, frequent urination, and fatigue. Ketone testing done using her urine sample showed ketonuria of 3 +. Her chest X-ray revealed coarse crackles on auscultation. Her breath odor revealed acetonesmelling breathing. Upon admission, she was treated with insulin infusion for 24 hours and 60 milliequivalents per liter of potassium chloride intravenously was also initiated. On the same day, 0.9% of normal saline 500 mL was initiated intravenously stat and repeats until systolic blood pressure was greater than 90 mmHg. The main objectives of diabetic ketoacidosis management are to restore volume status, normalize hyperglycemia, replace electrolytes lost, and lower ketoacidosis.

Journal of pharmaceutical research and reports, Sep 30, 2022

Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-... more Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. Ampicillin prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which are the enzymes accountable for the formation of the cell wall structure. Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative used for treatment of a variety of infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as certain anaerobes. The half-life of ampicillin is nearly three hrs during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Most ubiquitous adverse effects of ampicillin are rash and diarrhea. Coincident administration of ampicillin and oral contraceptives increased the risk of breakthrough bleeding and decreased the efficacy of the contraceptive by interruption of the enterohepatic cycling of ethinylestradiol by means of decreasing the bacterial population of the small intestine, which is responsible for the hydrolysis of the conjugated hormone.

Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study

Hypertensive urgency can be expressed as a systolic blood pressure of at least 180 mmHg and/or di... more Hypertensive urgency can be expressed as a systolic blood pressure of at least 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of at least 110 mmHg, without correlated end-organ damage. Elevated blood pressure causes endothelial injury by elevating the endothelial permeability and local activation of the clotting cascade (platelet and fibrin deposition), resulting in fibrinoid necrosis and intimal proliferation. In hypertensive urgencies, blood pressure should be lowered over a period of hrs to days with slower reductions in elderly patients to avoid and elevated risk of cerebral or myocardial ischemia resulting from excessively rapid reduction of blood pressure. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Captopril administration is well tolerated and known to be able in decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive urgencies. Its hypotensive effect, when it is taken orally, is evident within 15 to 30 minutes.

Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal, May 12, 2022

Burns can be caused by flames, ultraviolet radiation, hot liquids, electricity, lightning and cer... more Burns can be caused by flames, ultraviolet radiation, hot liquids, electricity, lightning and certain chemicals. All burns require immediate first aid treatment. Partial and full thickness burns require urgent medical attention. Full thickness burns often require skin graft surgery. Simple analgesics (such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen) and opioids such as morphine didn't used in 3 rd degree burn because the burnt place is painless. The "Wallace Rule of Nines" is the most common method of determining body surface area. The most commonly used resuscitation formula is the Parkland formula which calculates the amount of fluid required in the first 24 hours.

Cureus

In many parts of the world, particularly in impoverished nations like Ethiopia, organophosphate c... more In many parts of the world, particularly in impoverished nations like Ethiopia, organophosphate compounds operate as suicide agents, are frequently employed as pesticides, and are strong inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. A 21-year-old Ethiopian female, a university student, was admitted to an emergency department on June 22, 2022, with a two-hour history of nausea and elevated secretions of salivation via the mouth. She had no previous history of psychiatric or neurological disorders, but three days before her admission, she quarreled with her boyfriend, became extremely depressed, and decided to commit suicide. She had a two-hour history of nausea and intermittent vomiting and a one-hour history of persistent vomiting, increased salivation secretions through the mouth, chills, progressive sweating, difficulty breathing, and dizziness. Upon admission, her neurological examination in the emergency department revealed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9/15. On admission, she was placed on two liters per minute of intranasal oxygen via the nasal cannula. On the same day, she was given atropine 0.15 mg intravenously, and the dose was doubled every 10 minutes until atropinization was achieved, and a bolus dose of 500ml of 0.9% of normal saline was initiated immediately.

Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal

Pharmaceutical care is a practice in which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patient's ... more Pharmaceutical care is a practice in which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patient's drug-related needs, and is held accountable for this commitment. The long-suffering is foremost to the hobby of the pharmacist. Pharmaceutical care is substantial building block of whole someness care and should be integrated with distinctive constituents of wholeness care. Pharmaceutical cares not withstanding furnished for the direct benefit of the long-suffering and the pharmacist is accountable directly to the long-suffering of that care. According to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification volume 6.2, a drug related problem is 'an event or circumstance enclosing drug therapy that actually or possibly interposes with desiderated wholeness consequences. The event could obviate or holding pattern the attainment of desiderated therapeutic intentions in long-suffering. According to Robert J.Cipolle text book of pharmaceutical care practice (3rd edition), drug related problems are classified into seven classes, based on problem associated with medication such as indication (unnecessary treatment & need for additional treatment), effectiveness (ineffective drug & dosage too low), safety (adverse drug reactions & dosage too high) and non-adherence).

F1000Research

Chickenpox is an extremely contagious disease; caused by the varicella-zoster virus primary infec... more Chickenpox is an extremely contagious disease; caused by the varicella-zoster virus primary infection. A 27-year-old adult Black African male health care worker presented with severe headache, intermittent weakness and inability to walk, intermittent nausea, fever, nocturnal polydipsia, shortness of breath, itching, pruritus (intensely pruritic erythematous macules), lesions with pus on the skin, sleep disturbances, and nightmares for two days. The most commonly occurring symptom of chickenpox is a vesicular rash that appears on the scalp, back and front of the neck, face and scapulae, and then disseminates distally to the limbs. In this case report, the patient face, neck and scapulae were the most infected areas of the body and the rest of the body except the legs, hands, genital areas and buttocks, were also highly infected. Acyclovir 800 mg orally, five times a day was given for ten days to cure chickenpox infection because acyclovir inhibits the replication of the varicella zos...

South Asian research journal of biology and applied biosciences, May 6, 2022

Chronic heart failure refers to a clinical state of systemic and pulmonary congestion resulting f... more Chronic heart failure refers to a clinical state of systemic and pulmonary congestion resulting from inability of the heart to pump as much blood as required for the adequate metabolism of the body. The commonest causes of heart failure are coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes, however, hypertension and diabetes have been found to be stronger risk factors in elderly women and coronary artery disease and smoking are stronger risk factors in elderly men. Pathophysiologically, heart failure is either an inadequate cardiac output for the organism's metabolic demands or an adequate cardiac output that is due to neurohormonal compensation, which means the inability of the heart to supply blood to the tissues according to their needs without additional strain. The pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is now based on four classes of drugs that have been proven to reduce mortality among heart failure patients such as angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy should be initiated at a low dose with very gradual up titration, monitoring renal function and serum potassium levels closely. Chronic heart failure treatment with direct inhibitors of aldosterone receptors brought about a significant improvement in terms of survival and hospitalizations.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry

Tuberculosis is more sophisticated to diagnose in pregnant women contract the diseases because tu... more Tuberculosis is more sophisticated to diagnose in pregnant women contract the diseases because tuberculosis clinical manifestations suchlike tiredness, difficulty of breathing, sweating, weakness, coughing, and rare body temperature that is higher than normal are identical to the physiology of pregnant women changed during pregnancy. According to the United States food and drug administration risk classification of medicines among pregnancy; the four first line antituberculosis medications are classified as category B and category C. The 1 st line regimen management for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not distinctive during pregnant and nonpregnant women. The WHO recommends 8 weeks of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for intensive phase, followed by 16 weeks of isoniazid and rifampicin for continuation phase. This regimen is safe to use during pregnancy. Rifampicin is a category C medicine. Bleeding differentiated to hypoprothrominemia has been reported in child less than 1 year and mother following the usage of rifampicin in pregnancy period begins at 28 weeks until birth. The usage of rifampicin is recommended for pregnant women with vitamin K for management tuberculosis, should be given to the breastfeeding women and the child less than 1 year postnatal if rifampicin is given to the pregnant mother in the last few weeks. Ethambutol is pregnancy class B medicine. Ethambutol highly concentrated in fetus plasma concentration which can be as high as thirty percent of the plasma concentration of drugs in mother because ethambutol easily crosses the placental barrier. Ethambutol freely crosses the placenta with a cord to maternal serum ratio of 0.75.

BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Diabetes and Preventive Medicine

Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Diabetes and Preventive Medicine

Journal of Clinical and Medical Images, Case Reports

Open Access Emergency Medicine

Journal of pharmaceutical research and reports, Sep 30, 2022

Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study

Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal, May 12, 2022

Cureus

Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal

F1000Research

South Asian research journal of biology and applied biosciences, May 6, 2022

International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry

Dmngt, 2021

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia in which ... more Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia in which glucose is underutilized due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. As of 2014, an estimated 387 million people had diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia in which glucose is underutilized due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. As of 2014, an estimated 387 million people had diabetes mellitus worldwide. Objective: To encapsulate the definitions, classifications, prevalence, risk factors, diagnostics procedure, goal of management, lifestyle modifications, treatment, and complications of diabetic mellitus. Review: The authors used 89 different published articles for the accomplishment of this review article. Google search engine was used for accessing published articles from databases like Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, NCBI, NDSS, PMID, PMCID, Cochrane Database and Clindamed international library. Findings: A role for excess glucagon cannot be underestimated; indeed, type 2 diabetes is an islet paracrinopathy in which the reciprocal relationship between the glucagon-secreting alpha cell and the insulin-secreting beta cell is lost, leading to hyperglucagonemia and hence the consequent hyperglycemia. Protease inhibitors may bind to as yet uncharacterized target proteins that regulate lipid metabolism, leading to elevated circulating fatty acids that could interfere with insulin signaling or enter the fatty acid cycle and compete with glucose cycle intermediates. Biguanides which reduce gluconeogenesis in the liver include metformin. The burden of diabetes is even higher in developing countries and in Ethiopia; systematic review result showed that prevalence of diabetes mellitus is between 2% and 6.5%. Conclusion: Diabetes is chronic disease occurred due to increased blood glucose level because of the body cannot produce at all or secrets in sufficient insulin hormone or not use it effectively. The common risk factors for occurrence of complications were gender, long duration with diabetes, poor and inadequate glycemic control, negative attitude towards diabetes, poor treatment adherence, and poor knowledge about the disease and its management.

Scimedcentral, 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to impose enormous burdens of morbidity... more Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to impose enormous burdens of morbidity and mortality while severely disrupting societies and economies worldwide. Vaccines are a key strategy to stop the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines are the effective way to control and prevent a several diseases, save lives, and reducing current health emergency, as well as increasing the immunity of the population. Objective: To find out eagerness to acceptance of SARS-COV-2 vaccine among health care workers in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia: An online-based cross-sectional study Methods: An online based cross sectional study design was carried out from April 18/2021 to June 19/2021.Data was collected through employing online questioner, and then the collected data were coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. The statistical significance was set at a p-value ≤0.05. Findings: The current study revealed that 178(42.2%) of health care workers intended to receive the SARS-COV-2 vaccines. The results of this study showed that the majority of participants don't believe that SARS-COV-2 vaccine is effective and safe (n=279.66.1%),and couldn't save lives (n=228,54.1%).

Medcrave, 2021

Introduction: Physiological alterations during pregnancy as well as the bio-conversion of compoun... more Introduction: Physiological alterations during pregnancy as well as the bio-conversion of compounds can significantly influence the teratogenic effects of drugs and chemicals by affecting absorption, body distribution, the active form(s), and excretion of the compound. Certain medications may cause harm to the foetus due to their potential teratogenic effects and the physiological adjustments occurring in the mother during pregnancy. Prescription of drug used by pregnant women should be viewed as one of a public health issue. This study aware health care workers on harmful drugs prescription to pregnant women and helps in understanding the type of medication used during pregnancy and safety of drugs used during pregnancy, thereupon this study was ascertain drug usage pattern and potential teratogenicity risk among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was carried out from April 13/2021 to June 15/2021. Data was collected through employing semi-structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. P value <0.05 was considered as a cut point for statistical significance in the final model. Results: A total of 156 participants were interviewed of whom, 81(51.9%) pregnant women were age between 20-35 years old and a majority 113(72.4%) of them were married. Among medical condition majority 40(25.6%) of the participants had peptic ulcer disease and 26(16.7%) urinary tract infections followed by 20(12.8%) acute illness and 12(7.7%) hyperemesis. Among the total drug prescribed for pregnant women 30(19.2%) FDA category C was the common followed by 29 (186%) FDA category B and 26(16.7%) FDA category D. Only 10(6.4%) of prescribed drug were FDA category X. Pregnant women whose age >35 years (AOR=4.05, 95%CI:1.274-1.903; p=0.001), urban residents (AOR=2.72, 95%CI:2.524-3.927; p=0.035), and pregnant women during second trimester (AOR=1.79, 95%CI:3.926-9.406; p=0.013) were significantly associated with MCH follow up. Conclusion and recommendation: From the drug prescribed, majority of pregnant women were taken antibiotics followed by 18(11.5%) NSAID, iron sulfate, and proton pump inhibitors. Among the dosage form, above half of the participants were taken the tablet dosage form followed by capsule and gels dosage form. Health care workers should have to brought good care for pregnant women, since they perhaps vulnerable to drug teratogenesity.

Pulsus, 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder or group of chronic disorder in which the indispensabl... more Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder or group of chronic disorder in which the indispensable feature is recurrence of seizures that are typically unprovoked and usually unpredictable. Non-adherence of epileptic patients to anti-epileptic medication often leads to an increased risk of seizures and worsening of disease, death and increased health care costs. Objective: To ascertain determination of the factors leading to non-adherence with anti-epileptic medication in psychiatric ambulatory follow up patients Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was carried out from March 02/2021 to May 03/2021.Data was collected through employing check list and semi-structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. A p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of poor adherence to AED therapy was documented in 63.1%. The majority of patients with poor adherence to AEDs were unable to read and write 51(45.9%).According to MMAPS-8 score, 65(58.6%), 21(18.9%), and 25(22.5%) of the participants had a score of low adherence, medium adherence and high adherence respectively. Factors like duration of treatment above 5 years, patient age between 25-44 years old, divorced marital status,

Enliven, 2021

Background: Pharmaceutical care is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of a... more Background: Pharmaceutical care is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcome that improve a patient's quality of life. Drug related problems are relatively common in hospitalized patients and can result in patient morbidity and mortality, and increased costs besides their alarming rise among patients who are in medical ward chronic disease. Objective: To determine evaluation of patient pharmaceutical care needs not meet and its contributing factors in medical ward of Bedelle General Hospital. Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study design was carried out from April 12/2021 to June 19/2021.Relevant social-demographic information, clinical characteristics were recorded in face-to-face interviews by using semi-structured questioner, and then the collected data was coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Logistic regression was used to look for significant associations, and P value <0.05 was used to declare association. Results: The overall prevalence of drug therapy problems among medical ward was 81(52.6%).A total of 154 patients were included. Of which, 47(61.8 %) of them were age <50 years. From 312 disease type identified the majority of participants had cardiovascular disorders 76(24.5%), and renal disorders 64(20.5%). From the 1146 drugs identified ceftriaxone 203(17.7%) was the most commonly encountered in the medical wards followed by enal april 117(11.3%).Ineffective drug therapy 20(24.7%) was highly occurred type of drug therapy problems followed need for additional treatment 15(18.5%). Poly pharmacy ≥ 5 medications, ≥5 days, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, and drug interaction were variables which significantly associated with presence of drug therapy problem. Conclusion and Recommendation: The overall prevalence of drug therapy problems among medical ward was high. Hospital and ministry of Health should have established drug therapy guideline to minimize the occurrence of drug therapy problems and to establish pharmaceutical care services for better patient care.