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Papers by haroun ali Adannou
Open journal of Yangtze oil and gas, Dec 31, 2022
Atmospheric distillation is the first step in separating crude oil into by-products. It uses the ... more Atmospheric distillation is the first step in separating crude oil into by-products. It uses the different boiling temperatures of the components of crude oil to separate them. But crude oil contains a large quantity of acids and corrosive gases, including sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. However, the temperature has an important influence on the aggressiveness of the corrosion factors in the atmospheric distillation column. This paper aims to investigate the role of temperature on corrosive products in the atmospheric distillation column. The results of the developed model show that the temperature increases the corrosion rate in the atmospheric distillation column but above a certain temperature value (about 600 K), it decreases. This illustrates the dual role played by temperature in the study of corrosion within the atmospheric distillation column.
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
This study examines concentration of pollutants that can contaminate soil, surface water and grou... more This study examines concentration of pollutants that can contaminate soil, surface water and groundwater in the Bongor Basin. The analysis of thirty soil samples from six oil sites: Koudalwa, Ronier, Ndoubadana, Narenang, Croisement Baobab and Croisement Ridina was carried out using standard laboratory testing methods of chemical elements and pollutants. Results reveal that Nickel has a maximum concentration above the acceptable threshold of INERIS standard of France (2-60 mg/kg). Copper present concentrations above the Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (10 - 30 mg/kg), Cadmium has a content above the INERIS standard of France (0.2-0.7 mg/Kg) and Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (1 - 2 mg/kg). Phenol was present in all samples with very high concentration values compared to Canadian class A and B standards (0.1-1 mg/kg) and Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (0.2-1 mg/kg). Keywords: Oil installations, pollutants, groundwater resources, basin, Bongor.
In this work we undertook a series of experiments to evaluate the biogas potential of the waste f... more In this work we undertook a series of experiments to evaluate the biogas potential of the waste from the UCAD university residence. The first experiment revealed several types of waste at room temperature in a 1.5-litre canister equipped with an empty inflatable balloon used to recover biogas, which was our bio-digester. A shaking is done on each digester once a day. The pH was measured at the beginning and end of each experiment. The production of biogas appeared after two days. The second experiment consisted in allowing a temperature of 40°C (mesophilic temperature) and continued at room temperature by shaking the reactor once a day. For this experiment, we found that some bio-digesters started to produce after two hours of time. The inflatable balloon increased in volume every hour until 24 hours before remaining constant or continued to produce throughout the experiment. Then it was a question of co-digesting waste with the best biogas potential. It appears that the co-digestio...
Natural Resources, 2019
This study aims to evaluate the long-term variations of sunshine duration and to estimate its int... more This study aims to evaluate the long-term variations of sunshine duration and to estimate its interaction with meteorogical parameters from 1950 to 2010 in Chad, Central Africa. The results show that Chad is the one of world's sunniest countries. Each year, Chad receives more than 3030.91 ± 176.33 hours of sunning corresponding to 8.9 hours daily. Likewise, a strong north-south gradient is noted over Chad. For instance, the daily insolation is 10 ± 0.41 hours in the north, 8.85 ± 1.1 hours in the center and 7.75 ± 1.8 hours in the south. Furthermore, there is a marked seasonality of sunshine duration with maximums in dry season and minimums during the rainy season. The lowest values of sunshine duration are found in August. On the contrary, maximums are recorded from November to February with values greater than 9.5 hours per day. Moreover, the annual anomalies study allowed determining three great periods in terms of sunshine variability in Chad. Firstly, the period between 1950 to 1970 (named humid period) is characterized by the lowest values of sunshine duration in Chad. Secondly, from 1970 and 1990, the region suffered an unprecedented drought which resulted in an increase of sunstroke duration in Chad. And finally, the period from 1990 to 2010 called the return period is characterized by a rapid year-to-year fluctuations of insolation duration. Unlike to surface temperature, we have also shown that there is a direct relation between the duration of insolation and the meteorological parameters such as precipitations and relative humidity.
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2019
The objective of this work is to evaluate the available solar potential at N'Djamena (12˚08N, 15˚... more The objective of this work is to evaluate the available solar potential at N'Djamena (12˚08N, 15˚04E) from 2017 to 2018. To achieve this goal, we used various datasets and model including: the in situ shortwave radiation (by pyranometer) measurement and sunshine duration (by Campbell-Stokes heliograph) obtained from N'Djamena station, observations from MODIS (aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water) satellite sensors, and simulations from Streamer radiative code. The results show the presence of a good available solar potential with an annual global potential of 4.71 kWh/m 2 /d. At the intra-seasonal time scale, there are two maximums for the global solar potential. The first maximum is registered in the month of March (spring) with value of 5.7 kWh/m 2 /d and the second in October (autumn) with value of 5.18 kWh/m 2 /d. However, the minimum of global potential is recorded in winter (from December to February) with values around 3.86 kWh/m 2 /d. Then, the measured global irradiation allowed validating the Streamer radiative transfer code with a score of more than 98%. Subsequently, this model was used to simulate direct normal and diffuse irradiation for several types of days (clear, dusty and cloudy days). An examination of the dust influence on solar radiation based on selected cases (AOD = 2.05) indicates a mean decrease of 3.33 and 3.17 kWh/m 2 /d, respectively, for the total and direct normal potential. This corresponds to an increase of the diffuse potential of 0.52 kWh/m 2 /d. Finally, an increase of 5.82 cm of precipitable water per day tends to decrease the overall potential of 0.73 kWh/m 2 /d and the direct normal potential of 1.74 kWh/m 2 /d. For this cloudy day, the potential has increased more than 0.89 kWh/m 2 /d.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2019
The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio... more The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio-digester. Our study focuses on the recovery capacity of slaughterhouse waste by a tarpaulin bio-digester installed at the Dakar abattoir with a capacity of 4000m 3 including a digester of 2500m 3 and a gas meter of 1500m 3. During our work, we have tried to understand the primordial factor favoring the obtaining of biogas in quantity. The studied system being in industrial size, the water retention time was programmed over 40 days according to the data of the company and according to the characteristics of the substrate, the pH was observed, and the temperature set on a mesophilic range. We have noticed that the considerable increase in wastewater (blood + wash water) for a minimal amount of rumen content is favorable to a better biogas yield. It shows that the content of our biogas consists mainly of CH 4 , CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 S measured using a Severin Multitec 540 Device for the analysis of biogas in the field. (Quality feature on 1m3 of biogas produced). The biogas is then purified and used to power a cogeneration engine, generating electricity and heat. The implementation of this digester has made it possible to solve an environmental problem related to the waste and the valorization of the latter as essential energy for the study system.
Computer with internet facility to access links and relevant copy write free resources. CD-Rom ac... more Computer with internet facility to access links and relevant copy write free resources. CD-Rom accompanying this module for supplemental readings and to check the answers for the exercises given in the learning activity.
Natural Resources, 2020
In N'Djaména, the use and marketing of certain hydrocarbons does not comply with any standard in ... more In N'Djaména, the use and marketing of certain hydrocarbons does not comply with any standard in force or with regulations provided for this purpose. Their evaporation and unregulated release into the wild significantly affects the ecosystem. The present work consists in developing a method of extraction from sediments polluted by bio surfactant (rhamnolipid) assisted by microwaves. The goal here is to look for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted sediments. The rhamnolipid used consists of monorhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, its emulsion index is 64.66% and is composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 18. We used the microwave micellar extraction process. It was made by keeping the concentration values fixed at 0.15 g/L and the power at 400 W and more. We observed a positive interaction of the rhamnolipid concentration factors and the power of the microwave to obtain the optimal conditions at the time of 50 S, at the concentration of 0.16 g/L and at the power of 443 W for a rate of optimal extraction of 0.91%. Chromatographic analysis by GC-MS of the optimum extracts allowed us to identify twelve (12) C10 to C43 n-alkanes and eight (8) PAHs. It emerges from this analysis that the rhamnolipid extracts seven (7) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in equivalent proportions while the tween 80 extracts only four (4) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a high proportion (80.02%) of benzo [a] antracene.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2021
In this work we experimented with an analysis of fraudulent gasoline distillation sold in N’Djame... more In this work we experimented with an analysis of fraudulent gasoline distillation sold in N’Djamena. The first experiment carried out on the storage of gasolines in polymer cans showed that the nature of gasoline changed in color and density. The cans were also denatured depending on the type of gasoline and the weather. Laboratory analysis of the distillation for commercial specification gave different results compared to refinery gasoline. Several tests according to NF and ASTM standards have been carried out and the results show that gasoline sold illegally is a great danger to the population and to sellers. To do this, we characterized the duration of insolation in N’Djamena in order to be able to analyze the influence of solar radiation as a function of its heat on the essences stored and sold illegally in the city. The analysis results give us a figure of 3030.91 ± 176.33 hours of sunshine per year corresponding to 8.9 hours per day. An observation of the pyranometer and simulations of the Streamer radiative transfer code made it possible to characterize the seasonal variability of the global solar energy potential at the N’Djamena station at 4.71 kWh / m2 / d. The maxima are recorded in spring with values above 5.70 kWh / m2 / day, and the minima in winter with values below 4 kWh / m2 / day. We then measured the air quality with a Purple Air sensor and the results confirmed the presence of particles that could affect human health. Our research obeys two objectives: on the one hand, knowledge of the negative impact and danger of hydrocarbons stored and traded illegally, and on the other hand, the development of regulations in force to stop this danger.
Open journal of Yangtze oil and gas, Dec 31, 2022
Atmospheric distillation is the first step in separating crude oil into by-products. It uses the ... more Atmospheric distillation is the first step in separating crude oil into by-products. It uses the different boiling temperatures of the components of crude oil to separate them. But crude oil contains a large quantity of acids and corrosive gases, including sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. However, the temperature has an important influence on the aggressiveness of the corrosion factors in the atmospheric distillation column. This paper aims to investigate the role of temperature on corrosive products in the atmospheric distillation column. The results of the developed model show that the temperature increases the corrosion rate in the atmospheric distillation column but above a certain temperature value (about 600 K), it decreases. This illustrates the dual role played by temperature in the study of corrosion within the atmospheric distillation column.
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
This study examines concentration of pollutants that can contaminate soil, surface water and grou... more This study examines concentration of pollutants that can contaminate soil, surface water and groundwater in the Bongor Basin. The analysis of thirty soil samples from six oil sites: Koudalwa, Ronier, Ndoubadana, Narenang, Croisement Baobab and Croisement Ridina was carried out using standard laboratory testing methods of chemical elements and pollutants. Results reveal that Nickel has a maximum concentration above the acceptable threshold of INERIS standard of France (2-60 mg/kg). Copper present concentrations above the Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (10 - 30 mg/kg), Cadmium has a content above the INERIS standard of France (0.2-0.7 mg/Kg) and Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (1 - 2 mg/kg). Phenol was present in all samples with very high concentration values compared to Canadian class A and B standards (0.1-1 mg/kg) and Cameroonian standard of SONARA site (0.2-1 mg/kg). Keywords: Oil installations, pollutants, groundwater resources, basin, Bongor.
In this work we undertook a series of experiments to evaluate the biogas potential of the waste f... more In this work we undertook a series of experiments to evaluate the biogas potential of the waste from the UCAD university residence. The first experiment revealed several types of waste at room temperature in a 1.5-litre canister equipped with an empty inflatable balloon used to recover biogas, which was our bio-digester. A shaking is done on each digester once a day. The pH was measured at the beginning and end of each experiment. The production of biogas appeared after two days. The second experiment consisted in allowing a temperature of 40°C (mesophilic temperature) and continued at room temperature by shaking the reactor once a day. For this experiment, we found that some bio-digesters started to produce after two hours of time. The inflatable balloon increased in volume every hour until 24 hours before remaining constant or continued to produce throughout the experiment. Then it was a question of co-digesting waste with the best biogas potential. It appears that the co-digestio...
Natural Resources, 2019
This study aims to evaluate the long-term variations of sunshine duration and to estimate its int... more This study aims to evaluate the long-term variations of sunshine duration and to estimate its interaction with meteorogical parameters from 1950 to 2010 in Chad, Central Africa. The results show that Chad is the one of world's sunniest countries. Each year, Chad receives more than 3030.91 ± 176.33 hours of sunning corresponding to 8.9 hours daily. Likewise, a strong north-south gradient is noted over Chad. For instance, the daily insolation is 10 ± 0.41 hours in the north, 8.85 ± 1.1 hours in the center and 7.75 ± 1.8 hours in the south. Furthermore, there is a marked seasonality of sunshine duration with maximums in dry season and minimums during the rainy season. The lowest values of sunshine duration are found in August. On the contrary, maximums are recorded from November to February with values greater than 9.5 hours per day. Moreover, the annual anomalies study allowed determining three great periods in terms of sunshine variability in Chad. Firstly, the period between 1950 to 1970 (named humid period) is characterized by the lowest values of sunshine duration in Chad. Secondly, from 1970 and 1990, the region suffered an unprecedented drought which resulted in an increase of sunstroke duration in Chad. And finally, the period from 1990 to 2010 called the return period is characterized by a rapid year-to-year fluctuations of insolation duration. Unlike to surface temperature, we have also shown that there is a direct relation between the duration of insolation and the meteorological parameters such as precipitations and relative humidity.
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2019
The objective of this work is to evaluate the available solar potential at N'Djamena (12˚08N, 15˚... more The objective of this work is to evaluate the available solar potential at N'Djamena (12˚08N, 15˚04E) from 2017 to 2018. To achieve this goal, we used various datasets and model including: the in situ shortwave radiation (by pyranometer) measurement and sunshine duration (by Campbell-Stokes heliograph) obtained from N'Djamena station, observations from MODIS (aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water) satellite sensors, and simulations from Streamer radiative code. The results show the presence of a good available solar potential with an annual global potential of 4.71 kWh/m 2 /d. At the intra-seasonal time scale, there are two maximums for the global solar potential. The first maximum is registered in the month of March (spring) with value of 5.7 kWh/m 2 /d and the second in October (autumn) with value of 5.18 kWh/m 2 /d. However, the minimum of global potential is recorded in winter (from December to February) with values around 3.86 kWh/m 2 /d. Then, the measured global irradiation allowed validating the Streamer radiative transfer code with a score of more than 98%. Subsequently, this model was used to simulate direct normal and diffuse irradiation for several types of days (clear, dusty and cloudy days). An examination of the dust influence on solar radiation based on selected cases (AOD = 2.05) indicates a mean decrease of 3.33 and 3.17 kWh/m 2 /d, respectively, for the total and direct normal potential. This corresponds to an increase of the diffuse potential of 0.52 kWh/m 2 /d. Finally, an increase of 5.82 cm of precipitable water per day tends to decrease the overall potential of 0.73 kWh/m 2 /d and the direct normal potential of 1.74 kWh/m 2 /d. For this cloudy day, the potential has increased more than 0.89 kWh/m 2 /d.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2019
The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio... more The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio-digester. Our study focuses on the recovery capacity of slaughterhouse waste by a tarpaulin bio-digester installed at the Dakar abattoir with a capacity of 4000m 3 including a digester of 2500m 3 and a gas meter of 1500m 3. During our work, we have tried to understand the primordial factor favoring the obtaining of biogas in quantity. The studied system being in industrial size, the water retention time was programmed over 40 days according to the data of the company and according to the characteristics of the substrate, the pH was observed, and the temperature set on a mesophilic range. We have noticed that the considerable increase in wastewater (blood + wash water) for a minimal amount of rumen content is favorable to a better biogas yield. It shows that the content of our biogas consists mainly of CH 4 , CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 S measured using a Severin Multitec 540 Device for the analysis of biogas in the field. (Quality feature on 1m3 of biogas produced). The biogas is then purified and used to power a cogeneration engine, generating electricity and heat. The implementation of this digester has made it possible to solve an environmental problem related to the waste and the valorization of the latter as essential energy for the study system.
Computer with internet facility to access links and relevant copy write free resources. CD-Rom ac... more Computer with internet facility to access links and relevant copy write free resources. CD-Rom accompanying this module for supplemental readings and to check the answers for the exercises given in the learning activity.
Natural Resources, 2020
In N'Djaména, the use and marketing of certain hydrocarbons does not comply with any standard in ... more In N'Djaména, the use and marketing of certain hydrocarbons does not comply with any standard in force or with regulations provided for this purpose. Their evaporation and unregulated release into the wild significantly affects the ecosystem. The present work consists in developing a method of extraction from sediments polluted by bio surfactant (rhamnolipid) assisted by microwaves. The goal here is to look for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted sediments. The rhamnolipid used consists of monorhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, its emulsion index is 64.66% and is composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 18. We used the microwave micellar extraction process. It was made by keeping the concentration values fixed at 0.15 g/L and the power at 400 W and more. We observed a positive interaction of the rhamnolipid concentration factors and the power of the microwave to obtain the optimal conditions at the time of 50 S, at the concentration of 0.16 g/L and at the power of 443 W for a rate of optimal extraction of 0.91%. Chromatographic analysis by GC-MS of the optimum extracts allowed us to identify twelve (12) C10 to C43 n-alkanes and eight (8) PAHs. It emerges from this analysis that the rhamnolipid extracts seven (7) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in equivalent proportions while the tween 80 extracts only four (4) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a high proportion (80.02%) of benzo [a] antracene.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2021
In this work we experimented with an analysis of fraudulent gasoline distillation sold in N’Djame... more In this work we experimented with an analysis of fraudulent gasoline distillation sold in N’Djamena. The first experiment carried out on the storage of gasolines in polymer cans showed that the nature of gasoline changed in color and density. The cans were also denatured depending on the type of gasoline and the weather. Laboratory analysis of the distillation for commercial specification gave different results compared to refinery gasoline. Several tests according to NF and ASTM standards have been carried out and the results show that gasoline sold illegally is a great danger to the population and to sellers. To do this, we characterized the duration of insolation in N’Djamena in order to be able to analyze the influence of solar radiation as a function of its heat on the essences stored and sold illegally in the city. The analysis results give us a figure of 3030.91 ± 176.33 hours of sunshine per year corresponding to 8.9 hours per day. An observation of the pyranometer and simulations of the Streamer radiative transfer code made it possible to characterize the seasonal variability of the global solar energy potential at the N’Djamena station at 4.71 kWh / m2 / d. The maxima are recorded in spring with values above 5.70 kWh / m2 / day, and the minima in winter with values below 4 kWh / m2 / day. We then measured the air quality with a Purple Air sensor and the results confirmed the presence of particles that could affect human health. Our research obeys two objectives: on the one hand, knowledge of the negative impact and danger of hydrocarbons stored and traded illegally, and on the other hand, the development of regulations in force to stop this danger.