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Papers by hanin abotaleb

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, Jan 14, 2020

Background: Despite the increasing use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in the ... more Background: Despite the increasing use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory failure, its role in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the use of NIV in patients with CAP requiring ventilation who are admitted an intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted to 3 tertiary care, university-affiliated, intensive care units from January 2007 to January 2012 with the principal diagnosis of CAP and requiring positive pressure ventilation was carried out. The primary outcome was acute hospital mortality. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to assess the association between mode of ventilation and death as well as factors associated with failure of NIV. Results: A total of 229 patients were admitted, with 20 patients excluded from the analysis because of donot-resuscitate orders. Fifty-six percent of patients were initially treated with NIV. Of those, 76% failed NIV and required intubation and invasive ventilation. After adjusting for confounders, no difference in mortality was seen between patients who received NIV as first-line therapy in comparison with patients who received invasive ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-3.28; P = .17). Multivariable analysis demonstrated a trend toward increased NIV failure for the patients who had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (P = .07) and vasopressor use at 2 hours after initiation of positive pressure ventilation (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.8-31.3, P = .006). In an adjusted analysis, patients who failed NIV had an increased odds of death when compared with patients who were treated with invasive ventilation (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.8; P = .03). Conclusion: Noninvasive pressure ventilation is frequently used in CAP but is associated with high failure rates. Mortality was not improved in the group of patients who received NIV as first-line therapy despite clinical characteristics that might have suggested a more favorable prognosis. Given the high rates of NIV use, high failure rates, and the hypothesis generating nature of the data in this study, further randomized studies are needed to better delineate the role of NIV in CAP.

Archives of Neuroscience, 2021

Background: Migraine is a complex disorder triggered by an interaction of multiple abnormalities ... more Background: Migraine is a complex disorder triggered by an interaction of multiple abnormalities involving genes, blood vessels, and brain structures. It is characterized by throbbing headaches, mostly on one side of the head. It is one of the most common causes of disability, as announced by the Global Burden of the Diseases (GBD). Objectives: We aimed at assessing disabilities in Saudi migraine patients and addressing the relation between migraine-associated disabilities and social factors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey randomly through social media channels to the general population around Saudi Arabia. Basic personal information, along with a confirmation of the migraine diagnosis, were included in the first part of the questionnaire, and the respondent’s eligibility was determined to complete the survey. Specified questions about the sociodemographic characteristics, migraine attacks and medications, and the items of Migraine Disability Assessment sco...

Current Neurovascular Research, 2020

: Coronavirus is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive-polarity and single-stranded RNA virus. It... more : Coronavirus is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive-polarity and single-stranded RNA virus. It has four types of genera that infect mammals and birds, with only alpha and beta types found to affect humans with varying severity. A specific clade of beta coronaviruses is reported as lethal zoonotic viruses and has created major epidemic troubles, starting with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, then the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and lastly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019. However, many neurological complications reported in COVID-19 patients have highlighted a critical pattern of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Awareness of such an association could create new insight to consider neurological manifestations as a COVID-19 differential diagnosis during the pandemic period of COVID-19 to avoid delayed diagnosis and prevent further transmission. : This mini-review aims to collect the current knowledge regarding the mechanism behind the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2, to summarize the common documented neurological symptoms and associated complications in COVID-19 patients, and to review the impact of neurological manifestations on COVID-19 mortality.

Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most comm... more Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most common inflammatory disease of young adults. Up to 65% of multiple sclerosis patients have cognitive impairments such as memory loss and difficulty in understanding and maintaining attention and concentration. Many pharmacological interventions have been used to reverse motor impairments in multiple sclerosis patients; however, none of these drugs improve cognitive function. Melatonin can diffuse through the blood-brain barrier and has well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with almost no side effects; it is, therefore, a promising neuroprotective supplement for many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and fibromyalgia. However, only some researches have assessed the effect of melatonin on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of melatonin supplementation o...

International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among migraineurs, such as anxiety and depression. ... more Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among migraineurs, such as anxiety and depression. This type of comorbidity contributed to migraine chronicity, management efficacy, and increasing the risk for other comorbidities. This study designed to estimate the prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) symptoms among Saudi migraine patients using the validated instrument (DASS-21) and considering socio-demographic factors and individual differences that affect migraine progression and prognosis.Design/Methods: Cross-sectional, self-administered, web-based-questionnaire distributed among Saudi Arabia general population. Only migraine patients with clinical diagnosis allowed to complete the survey.Results: A total of 247 migraine patients participated and they are predominantly females, with ages between 16 to 45 years, Saudi nationals, married, non-smokers but do not exercise regularly. 73.3% met the abnormal score in anxiety on DASS-21, as well as 70.9% in depression and 72.3% in stress. Four statistically significant correlations with DAS were identified. Migraine patients who are smoking have a higher prevalence of depression and stress (p < 0.05). Those who do not exercise regularly have a higher prevalence only for depression (p = 0.03). A higher prevalence of all emotional states was found in patients with more than one co-morbidity and patients with a clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety disorders (p < 0.02). The sensitivity of DASS-21 for depression and anxiety are 96.9% and 93.3% respectively.Conclusions: Both smoking cessation and exercise to prevent migraine attacks deserve a clinical trial. A holistic approach is needed to decrease psychiatry related disability and promote management outcomes in migraineurs. Using DASS-21 for migraine patients as a routine screening instrument is valuable to prevent psychiatric comorbidity.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since... more Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, cases have continued to escalate exponentially. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative effect on mental health and well-being. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the strict national regulations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of Saudi residents. Saudi residents aged 18 years or older were invited to complete an online questionnaire after one month of a nationwide 24-h curfew between May 6, 2020 and May 13, 2020. We measured psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). We ran binary logistic regression analyses to detect variables that significantly predicted DASS-21 scores. Results: A sample of 2252 participants was recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia. The DASS-21 score m...

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, Jan 14, 2020

Background: Despite the increasing use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in the ... more Background: Despite the increasing use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory failure, its role in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the use of NIV in patients with CAP requiring ventilation who are admitted an intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted to 3 tertiary care, university-affiliated, intensive care units from January 2007 to January 2012 with the principal diagnosis of CAP and requiring positive pressure ventilation was carried out. The primary outcome was acute hospital mortality. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to assess the association between mode of ventilation and death as well as factors associated with failure of NIV. Results: A total of 229 patients were admitted, with 20 patients excluded from the analysis because of donot-resuscitate orders. Fifty-six percent of patients were initially treated with NIV. Of those, 76% failed NIV and required intubation and invasive ventilation. After adjusting for confounders, no difference in mortality was seen between patients who received NIV as first-line therapy in comparison with patients who received invasive ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-3.28; P = .17). Multivariable analysis demonstrated a trend toward increased NIV failure for the patients who had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (P = .07) and vasopressor use at 2 hours after initiation of positive pressure ventilation (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.8-31.3, P = .006). In an adjusted analysis, patients who failed NIV had an increased odds of death when compared with patients who were treated with invasive ventilation (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.8; P = .03). Conclusion: Noninvasive pressure ventilation is frequently used in CAP but is associated with high failure rates. Mortality was not improved in the group of patients who received NIV as first-line therapy despite clinical characteristics that might have suggested a more favorable prognosis. Given the high rates of NIV use, high failure rates, and the hypothesis generating nature of the data in this study, further randomized studies are needed to better delineate the role of NIV in CAP.

Archives of Neuroscience, 2021

Background: Migraine is a complex disorder triggered by an interaction of multiple abnormalities ... more Background: Migraine is a complex disorder triggered by an interaction of multiple abnormalities involving genes, blood vessels, and brain structures. It is characterized by throbbing headaches, mostly on one side of the head. It is one of the most common causes of disability, as announced by the Global Burden of the Diseases (GBD). Objectives: We aimed at assessing disabilities in Saudi migraine patients and addressing the relation between migraine-associated disabilities and social factors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey randomly through social media channels to the general population around Saudi Arabia. Basic personal information, along with a confirmation of the migraine diagnosis, were included in the first part of the questionnaire, and the respondent’s eligibility was determined to complete the survey. Specified questions about the sociodemographic characteristics, migraine attacks and medications, and the items of Migraine Disability Assessment sco...

Current Neurovascular Research, 2020

: Coronavirus is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive-polarity and single-stranded RNA virus. It... more : Coronavirus is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive-polarity and single-stranded RNA virus. It has four types of genera that infect mammals and birds, with only alpha and beta types found to affect humans with varying severity. A specific clade of beta coronaviruses is reported as lethal zoonotic viruses and has created major epidemic troubles, starting with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, then the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and lastly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019. However, many neurological complications reported in COVID-19 patients have highlighted a critical pattern of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Awareness of such an association could create new insight to consider neurological manifestations as a COVID-19 differential diagnosis during the pandemic period of COVID-19 to avoid delayed diagnosis and prevent further transmission. : This mini-review aims to collect the current knowledge regarding the mechanism behind the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2, to summarize the common documented neurological symptoms and associated complications in COVID-19 patients, and to review the impact of neurological manifestations on COVID-19 mortality.

Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most comm... more Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most common inflammatory disease of young adults. Up to 65% of multiple sclerosis patients have cognitive impairments such as memory loss and difficulty in understanding and maintaining attention and concentration. Many pharmacological interventions have been used to reverse motor impairments in multiple sclerosis patients; however, none of these drugs improve cognitive function. Melatonin can diffuse through the blood-brain barrier and has well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with almost no side effects; it is, therefore, a promising neuroprotective supplement for many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and fibromyalgia. However, only some researches have assessed the effect of melatonin on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of melatonin supplementation o...

International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among migraineurs, such as anxiety and depression. ... more Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among migraineurs, such as anxiety and depression. This type of comorbidity contributed to migraine chronicity, management efficacy, and increasing the risk for other comorbidities. This study designed to estimate the prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) symptoms among Saudi migraine patients using the validated instrument (DASS-21) and considering socio-demographic factors and individual differences that affect migraine progression and prognosis.Design/Methods: Cross-sectional, self-administered, web-based-questionnaire distributed among Saudi Arabia general population. Only migraine patients with clinical diagnosis allowed to complete the survey.Results: A total of 247 migraine patients participated and they are predominantly females, with ages between 16 to 45 years, Saudi nationals, married, non-smokers but do not exercise regularly. 73.3% met the abnormal score in anxiety on DASS-21, as well as 70.9% in depression and 72.3% in stress. Four statistically significant correlations with DAS were identified. Migraine patients who are smoking have a higher prevalence of depression and stress (p < 0.05). Those who do not exercise regularly have a higher prevalence only for depression (p = 0.03). A higher prevalence of all emotional states was found in patients with more than one co-morbidity and patients with a clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety disorders (p < 0.02). The sensitivity of DASS-21 for depression and anxiety are 96.9% and 93.3% respectively.Conclusions: Both smoking cessation and exercise to prevent migraine attacks deserve a clinical trial. A holistic approach is needed to decrease psychiatry related disability and promote management outcomes in migraineurs. Using DASS-21 for migraine patients as a routine screening instrument is valuable to prevent psychiatric comorbidity.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since... more Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, cases have continued to escalate exponentially. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative effect on mental health and well-being. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the strict national regulations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of Saudi residents. Saudi residents aged 18 years or older were invited to complete an online questionnaire after one month of a nationwide 24-h curfew between May 6, 2020 and May 13, 2020. We measured psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). We ran binary logistic regression analyses to detect variables that significantly predicted DASS-21 scores. Results: A sample of 2252 participants was recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia. The DASS-21 score m...