muayad hasan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by muayad hasan
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, Mar 1, 2024
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2023
Solvents are generally used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil and ultimately enhance oil... more Solvents are generally used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil and ultimately enhance oil recovery. Recently, a new method has been introduced where nanoparticles (NPs) are exploited to induce enhanced oil recovery owing to their ability to improve the mobility ratio, dampen the interfacial tension, and alter rock wettability. This study investigated the integration of nano-alumina (Al2O3) NPs with an n-hexane solvent. In particular, a Brookfield viscometer has been used to measure the crude oil viscosity and it has been found that NPs can effectively lead to a significant decrease in the overall oil viscosity (70 cp using the solvent only, 45 cp when NPs are added).
Iraqi Journal of Oil and Gas Research (IJOGR)
Immobilization of microbial cells on nanomaterials opens up broad prospects in biotechnology appl... more Immobilization of microbial cells on nanomaterials opens up broad prospects in biotechnology applications including environmental pollution control and enhancement of biofuel production. Cellimmobilization contributes to improved microbial performance, protection of microbes, and further biomass degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles as biomass support are an advanced strategy in bioremediation. The nanoparticles are interesting for immobilizing microbes due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review throws some light on the recent advances in the immobilization of microbial cell techniques onto nanoparticles as a carrier where they are subsequently used as a nano-bio-stimulator in bioprocessing. The benefits and drawbacks of immobilization techniques are included. The biotechnology applications of nano-biocatalyst in bioprocessing are covered including biosorption of pollutants from wastewater and stimulants in biofuel production processes for green energy generation. The use of nano-bio-catalysts in bioprocesses is an effective strategy for achieving economic feasibility in many processes. Furthermore, future research directions for microbial cell immobilization techniques are discussed.
AIP Conference Proceedings
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017
This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly non-specific adsorbates nitrogen and argo... more This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly non-specific adsorbates nitrogen and argon wet heavy metals differently, and shows how this unexpected effect can be actively utilised to deliver information on pore inter-connectivity. To explore surface chemistry influences on differential adsorbate wetting, new findings for a mixed silica-alumina material were compared with data for pure silica and alumina materials. The new structural characterisation described can determine the distribution of the particular subset of mesoand micro-pores that connect directly to macropores that entrap mercury following porosimetry, as mapped by computerised X-ray tomography. Hence, it elucidates the spatial organization of the network and measures the improved accessibility to smaller pores provided by larger pores. It was shown that the silica-alumina pellets have a hierarchical pore-size arrangement, similar to the optimal blood vessel network architecture in animals. The network architecture derived from the new method has been independently validated using complementary gas sorption scanning curves, integrated mercury porosimetry, and NMR cryoporometry. It has also been shown that, rather than hindering interpretation of characterisation data, emergent effects for networks associated with these techniques can be marshalled to enable detailed assessment of the pore structures of complex, disordered solids. Keywords: adsorbate; wetting; pore network; connectivity; cooperative effects; imaging Recently, hierarchical porous solids have become of particular interest for various applications 3-8. Computer simulations can predict the likely relative performance of the various potential network architectures 9,10. A common design proposed to overcome diffusion limitations includes pore networks similar to the tree-like arrangement of passages within the human lung, whereby macropores provide rapid access to the interior, and steadily smaller pores ('lanes') leading off these 'highways' to provide higher surface area for reaction. Various degrees of structural control are possible, depending upon the sophistication, and thence cost, of the synthesis method for the material. Even surfactant-templated materials may contain regions of disorder 1. Hence, for quality control, the uniformity of manufactured product must be validated to ensure it all has the desired structure. Further, in some reactions the void space of the catalyst pellet may evolve over time due to solids deposition, as in coking 5. It is thus essential to be able to characterise the spatial arrangement of the various pore sizes, arising from the distribution, as they are juxtaposed relative to each other. Modern imaging techniques, such as electron tomography (or 3D transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) 12 , dual-beam scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (or focused ion-beam SEM) 13,14 , and computerised X-ray tomography (CXT or CT) 15 , can provide full threedimensional reconstructions of the void space of mesoporous materials at nanometre resolution. However, there is often a limit on the sample size or field of view that can be studied with nanometre-scale resolution. This sampling volume is often much smaller than the correlation length for the local pore structure, or, even if this is not the case, the structure may be macroscopically heterogeneous and thus possess many such similarly-sized regions which each have different void space properties 16. Hence, direct imaging methods alone cannot provide statistically-representative sampling of the void space of many macroscopic materials. The information thus obtained will, therefore, probably not be sufficient to explain the performance of a full packed or structured bed of catalyst material. There is thus a need for a more representative technique. Economic considerations at the time of writing also favour gas sorption for commercial applications.
Iraqi Journal of Oil and Gas Research (IJOGR)
Crude oil can be extracted from the reservoirs by three mechanisms with different amounts of oil ... more Crude oil can be extracted from the reservoirs by three mechanisms with different amounts of oil depending on the natural conditions of the reservoir. When the reservoir has an enough pressure, the amount of the produced oil is about 20% to 30% through primary recovery mechanism, and this amount can extend up to about 40% using secondary recovery. Because of the massive amount of the oil left behind the two mechanisms, enhanced oil recovery technique (EOR), the third mechanism, is designed to reduce the residual oil, in which, up to 70% of original oil in place can be recovered. Almost 3.0 trillion cubic meter of light oil and 8.0 trillion cubic meter of unconventional oil will be left underground after primary and secondary stages. Therefore, EOR techniques are applied to improve the oil production and extract much of the oil left in the reservoirs. Economics and technology have to be taken into account to choose the appropriate method in the recovery processes. Mainly, this study discusses various EOR techniques used in the enhancement of the oil recovery, including miscible, immiscible, polymer, surfactants, surfactants-polymer flooding as well as thermal methods.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Oil is a major source of energy around the world. With the decline of light conventional oil, mor... more Oil is a major source of energy around the world. With the decline of light conventional oil, more attention is being paid to heavy oil and bitumen, as a good alternative to light oil for energy supplies. Heavy crude oils have a tendency to have a higher concentration of metals and several other elements such as sulfur and nitrogen, and extraction of these heavy oils requires more effort and cost. Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) is a novel process of enhanced heavy oil and bitumen recovery and upgrading. In this technique, horizontal well concepts are integrated with the reactions of high temperature oxidation to achieve a potentially high recovery ratio. Since the process works through a short distance displacement technique, the produced oil flows easily toward the horizontal producer well. This direct mobilized oil production and short distance are the major features of this method which lead to robust operational stability and high oil recovery. This technique gives the possibi...
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly nonspecific adsorbates nitrogen and argon... more This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly nonspecific adsorbates nitrogen and argon wet heavy metals differently and shows how this unexpected effect can be actively utilized to deliver information on pore interconnectivity. To explore surface chemistry influences on differential adsorbate wetting, new findings for a mixed silica–alumina material were compared with data for pure silica and alumina materials. The new structural characterization described can determine the distribution of the particular subset of meso- and micropores that connect directly to macropores that entrap mercury following porosimetry, as mapped by computerized X-ray tomography. Hence, it elucidates the spatial organization of the network and measures the improved accessibility to smaller pores provided by larger pores. It was shown that the silica–alumina pellets have a hierarchical pore-size arrangement, similar to the optimal blood vessel network architecture in animals. The network architecture derived from the ne...
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Mar 1, 2017
Macroscopic, highly disordered, mesoporous materials present a continuing challenge for accurate ... more Macroscopic, highly disordered, mesoporous materials present a continuing challenge for accurate pore structure characterization. The typical macroscopic variation in local average pore space descriptors means that methods capable of delivering statistically representative characterizations are required. Gas adsorption is a representative but indirect method, normally requiring assumptions about the correct model for data analysis. In this work we present a novel method to both expand the range, and obtain greater accuracy, for the information obtained from the main boundary adsorption isotherms by using a combination of data obtained for two adsorptives, namely nitrogen and argon, both before and after mercury porosimetry. The method makes use of the fact that nitrogen and argon apparently ‘see’ a different pore geometry following mercury entrapment, with argon, relatively, ‘ignoring’ new metal surfaces produced by mercury porosimetry. The new method permits the study of network and pore–pore co-operative effects during adsorption that substantially affect the accuracy of the characteristic parameters, such as modal pore size, obtained for disordered materials. These effects have been explicitly quantified, for a typical sol-gel silica catalyst support material as a case study. The technique allowed the large discrepancies between modal pore sizes obtained from standard gas adsorption and mercury thermoporometry methods to be attributed to the network-based delayed condensation effect, rather than spinodal adsorption. Once the network-based delayed condensation effect had been accounted for, the simple cylindrical pore model and macroscopic thermodynamic Kelvin-Cohan equation were then found sufficient to accurately describe adsorption in the material studied, rather than needing a more complex microscopic theory. Hence, for disordered mesoporous solids, a proper account of inter-pore interactions is more important than that of intra-pore adsorbate density distribution, to obtain accurate pore size distributions.
The conversion of methane gas to synthesis gas (CO and H2) and then into clean liquid fuels via F... more The conversion of methane gas to synthesis gas (CO and H2) and then into clean liquid fuels via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is investigated in the present work. The effects of the catalyst type, pretreatment conditions, and process temperature on the catalysts activity and selectivity are investigated. The syngas production and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were carried out in two catalytic units connected in series. The first one contains a fixed bed reactor of 128 cm3, while the second fixed bed reactor is of 68 cm 3 . The results of syngas production over the prepared (Pt/HY) catalyst showed excellent resistance to carbon deposition and stable performance during 20 h-on-stream at 700 o C. The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was carried out under different temperatures of 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, and 270 o C and constant atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the catalytic synthesis leads to a wide variety of products such as gasoline, diesel and waxes. It was concluded that the best o...
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, Mar 1, 2024
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2023
Solvents are generally used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil and ultimately enhance oil... more Solvents are generally used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil and ultimately enhance oil recovery. Recently, a new method has been introduced where nanoparticles (NPs) are exploited to induce enhanced oil recovery owing to their ability to improve the mobility ratio, dampen the interfacial tension, and alter rock wettability. This study investigated the integration of nano-alumina (Al2O3) NPs with an n-hexane solvent. In particular, a Brookfield viscometer has been used to measure the crude oil viscosity and it has been found that NPs can effectively lead to a significant decrease in the overall oil viscosity (70 cp using the solvent only, 45 cp when NPs are added).
Iraqi Journal of Oil and Gas Research (IJOGR)
Immobilization of microbial cells on nanomaterials opens up broad prospects in biotechnology appl... more Immobilization of microbial cells on nanomaterials opens up broad prospects in biotechnology applications including environmental pollution control and enhancement of biofuel production. Cellimmobilization contributes to improved microbial performance, protection of microbes, and further biomass degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles as biomass support are an advanced strategy in bioremediation. The nanoparticles are interesting for immobilizing microbes due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review throws some light on the recent advances in the immobilization of microbial cell techniques onto nanoparticles as a carrier where they are subsequently used as a nano-bio-stimulator in bioprocessing. The benefits and drawbacks of immobilization techniques are included. The biotechnology applications of nano-biocatalyst in bioprocessing are covered including biosorption of pollutants from wastewater and stimulants in biofuel production processes for green energy generation. The use of nano-bio-catalysts in bioprocesses is an effective strategy for achieving economic feasibility in many processes. Furthermore, future research directions for microbial cell immobilization techniques are discussed.
AIP Conference Proceedings
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017
This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly non-specific adsorbates nitrogen and argo... more This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly non-specific adsorbates nitrogen and argon wet heavy metals differently, and shows how this unexpected effect can be actively utilised to deliver information on pore inter-connectivity. To explore surface chemistry influences on differential adsorbate wetting, new findings for a mixed silica-alumina material were compared with data for pure silica and alumina materials. The new structural characterisation described can determine the distribution of the particular subset of mesoand micro-pores that connect directly to macropores that entrap mercury following porosimetry, as mapped by computerised X-ray tomography. Hence, it elucidates the spatial organization of the network and measures the improved accessibility to smaller pores provided by larger pores. It was shown that the silica-alumina pellets have a hierarchical pore-size arrangement, similar to the optimal blood vessel network architecture in animals. The network architecture derived from the new method has been independently validated using complementary gas sorption scanning curves, integrated mercury porosimetry, and NMR cryoporometry. It has also been shown that, rather than hindering interpretation of characterisation data, emergent effects for networks associated with these techniques can be marshalled to enable detailed assessment of the pore structures of complex, disordered solids. Keywords: adsorbate; wetting; pore network; connectivity; cooperative effects; imaging Recently, hierarchical porous solids have become of particular interest for various applications 3-8. Computer simulations can predict the likely relative performance of the various potential network architectures 9,10. A common design proposed to overcome diffusion limitations includes pore networks similar to the tree-like arrangement of passages within the human lung, whereby macropores provide rapid access to the interior, and steadily smaller pores ('lanes') leading off these 'highways' to provide higher surface area for reaction. Various degrees of structural control are possible, depending upon the sophistication, and thence cost, of the synthesis method for the material. Even surfactant-templated materials may contain regions of disorder 1. Hence, for quality control, the uniformity of manufactured product must be validated to ensure it all has the desired structure. Further, in some reactions the void space of the catalyst pellet may evolve over time due to solids deposition, as in coking 5. It is thus essential to be able to characterise the spatial arrangement of the various pore sizes, arising from the distribution, as they are juxtaposed relative to each other. Modern imaging techniques, such as electron tomography (or 3D transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) 12 , dual-beam scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (or focused ion-beam SEM) 13,14 , and computerised X-ray tomography (CXT or CT) 15 , can provide full threedimensional reconstructions of the void space of mesoporous materials at nanometre resolution. However, there is often a limit on the sample size or field of view that can be studied with nanometre-scale resolution. This sampling volume is often much smaller than the correlation length for the local pore structure, or, even if this is not the case, the structure may be macroscopically heterogeneous and thus possess many such similarly-sized regions which each have different void space properties 16. Hence, direct imaging methods alone cannot provide statistically-representative sampling of the void space of many macroscopic materials. The information thus obtained will, therefore, probably not be sufficient to explain the performance of a full packed or structured bed of catalyst material. There is thus a need for a more representative technique. Economic considerations at the time of writing also favour gas sorption for commercial applications.
Iraqi Journal of Oil and Gas Research (IJOGR)
Crude oil can be extracted from the reservoirs by three mechanisms with different amounts of oil ... more Crude oil can be extracted from the reservoirs by three mechanisms with different amounts of oil depending on the natural conditions of the reservoir. When the reservoir has an enough pressure, the amount of the produced oil is about 20% to 30% through primary recovery mechanism, and this amount can extend up to about 40% using secondary recovery. Because of the massive amount of the oil left behind the two mechanisms, enhanced oil recovery technique (EOR), the third mechanism, is designed to reduce the residual oil, in which, up to 70% of original oil in place can be recovered. Almost 3.0 trillion cubic meter of light oil and 8.0 trillion cubic meter of unconventional oil will be left underground after primary and secondary stages. Therefore, EOR techniques are applied to improve the oil production and extract much of the oil left in the reservoirs. Economics and technology have to be taken into account to choose the appropriate method in the recovery processes. Mainly, this study discusses various EOR techniques used in the enhancement of the oil recovery, including miscible, immiscible, polymer, surfactants, surfactants-polymer flooding as well as thermal methods.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Oil is a major source of energy around the world. With the decline of light conventional oil, mor... more Oil is a major source of energy around the world. With the decline of light conventional oil, more attention is being paid to heavy oil and bitumen, as a good alternative to light oil for energy supplies. Heavy crude oils have a tendency to have a higher concentration of metals and several other elements such as sulfur and nitrogen, and extraction of these heavy oils requires more effort and cost. Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) is a novel process of enhanced heavy oil and bitumen recovery and upgrading. In this technique, horizontal well concepts are integrated with the reactions of high temperature oxidation to achieve a potentially high recovery ratio. Since the process works through a short distance displacement technique, the produced oil flows easily toward the horizontal producer well. This direct mobilized oil production and short distance are the major features of this method which lead to robust operational stability and high oil recovery. This technique gives the possibi...
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly nonspecific adsorbates nitrogen and argon... more This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly nonspecific adsorbates nitrogen and argon wet heavy metals differently and shows how this unexpected effect can be actively utilized to deliver information on pore interconnectivity. To explore surface chemistry influences on differential adsorbate wetting, new findings for a mixed silica–alumina material were compared with data for pure silica and alumina materials. The new structural characterization described can determine the distribution of the particular subset of meso- and micropores that connect directly to macropores that entrap mercury following porosimetry, as mapped by computerized X-ray tomography. Hence, it elucidates the spatial organization of the network and measures the improved accessibility to smaller pores provided by larger pores. It was shown that the silica–alumina pellets have a hierarchical pore-size arrangement, similar to the optimal blood vessel network architecture in animals. The network architecture derived from the ne...
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Mar 1, 2017
Macroscopic, highly disordered, mesoporous materials present a continuing challenge for accurate ... more Macroscopic, highly disordered, mesoporous materials present a continuing challenge for accurate pore structure characterization. The typical macroscopic variation in local average pore space descriptors means that methods capable of delivering statistically representative characterizations are required. Gas adsorption is a representative but indirect method, normally requiring assumptions about the correct model for data analysis. In this work we present a novel method to both expand the range, and obtain greater accuracy, for the information obtained from the main boundary adsorption isotherms by using a combination of data obtained for two adsorptives, namely nitrogen and argon, both before and after mercury porosimetry. The method makes use of the fact that nitrogen and argon apparently ‘see’ a different pore geometry following mercury entrapment, with argon, relatively, ‘ignoring’ new metal surfaces produced by mercury porosimetry. The new method permits the study of network and pore–pore co-operative effects during adsorption that substantially affect the accuracy of the characteristic parameters, such as modal pore size, obtained for disordered materials. These effects have been explicitly quantified, for a typical sol-gel silica catalyst support material as a case study. The technique allowed the large discrepancies between modal pore sizes obtained from standard gas adsorption and mercury thermoporometry methods to be attributed to the network-based delayed condensation effect, rather than spinodal adsorption. Once the network-based delayed condensation effect had been accounted for, the simple cylindrical pore model and macroscopic thermodynamic Kelvin-Cohan equation were then found sufficient to accurately describe adsorption in the material studied, rather than needing a more complex microscopic theory. Hence, for disordered mesoporous solids, a proper account of inter-pore interactions is more important than that of intra-pore adsorbate density distribution, to obtain accurate pore size distributions.
The conversion of methane gas to synthesis gas (CO and H2) and then into clean liquid fuels via F... more The conversion of methane gas to synthesis gas (CO and H2) and then into clean liquid fuels via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is investigated in the present work. The effects of the catalyst type, pretreatment conditions, and process temperature on the catalysts activity and selectivity are investigated. The syngas production and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were carried out in two catalytic units connected in series. The first one contains a fixed bed reactor of 128 cm3, while the second fixed bed reactor is of 68 cm 3 . The results of syngas production over the prepared (Pt/HY) catalyst showed excellent resistance to carbon deposition and stable performance during 20 h-on-stream at 700 o C. The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was carried out under different temperatures of 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, and 270 o C and constant atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the catalytic synthesis leads to a wide variety of products such as gasoline, diesel and waxes. It was concluded that the best o...