nashwa helmy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by nashwa helmy

Research paper thumbnail of Comparable Study of Immunological, Bacteriological, and Molecular Techniques for Detecting Brucellosis in Milk of Reproductively Problematic Cows

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, 2025

B RUCELLOSIS, a serious animal infectious disease transmitted to human beings, is a major health ... more B RUCELLOSIS, a serious animal infectious disease transmitted to human beings, is a major health risk for dairy consumers, especially in developing-countries resulting in dangerous economic and financial problems. Brucellosis diagnosis is critical in order to detect this infection and find a suitable treatment. Accordingly, this study aims to follow up on the accuracy and sensitivity of different diagnostic techniques used in detecting brucellosis in milk (immunological, bacteriological, and molecular techniques). Milk ring test (MRT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) are among the used techniques where positive brucellosis was detected in milk samples with total percentages of 34.91% and 33.96%, respectively. The recorded relative-sensitivity for MRT and i-ELISA were 93.55% and 96.77%, respectively, while their relative-specificities were 89.33% and 92%, respectively. i-ELISA was found to show both higher relative sensitivity and specificity than the MRT technique. The percentage of Brucella species detected in milk samples via bacteriological culture was 25.5% and all of them were reported to be B. melitensis biovar 3. On the other hand, 28.3% of samples were positively detected in both conventional and qPCR samples. The relative-sensitivities were 87.10%, 96.77%, and 96.77% for bacteriological culture, conventional-PCR, and qPCR techniques, respectively. All three techniques reported relative-specificities of 100%. The most predominant species detected in cows' milk suffering from reproductive disorders is B. melitensis biovar 3. Both PCR techniques showed the highest relative-sensitivity and specificity in addition to being rapid and low-risk techniques making PCR the best diagnostic technique for brucellosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and molecular studies on ,Echinococcus equinus isolated from necropsied donkeys

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017

In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investiga... more In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investigated between October 2015 and September 2016 for the presence of hydatidosis disease. Hydatid cysts were detected in the livers of 10% of the examined donkeys and these cysts had a fertility rate 100%. Female donkeys were infected with cysts more than males and all infected donkeys were old aged with no cases of infection were detected in young or adult donkeys. Using molecular tools, the DNA extracted from cysts that had been isolated was subjected to PCR amplification, using synthesized oligonucleotide primers, and these were constructed to target the 299 bp within the (ND2) gene, which is considered to be specific for the Echinococcus equinus genotype. The sequenced PCR products showed homology to E.equinus (G4 or horse strain genotype). These results can be used in future to pursue the epidemiological status of the causative strain of hydatidosis in equines at the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological and Molecular Studies on Trypanosoma Evansi of Camels in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Apr 1, 2016

his study was conducted on a total of 187 one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Blood samples ... more his study was conducted on a total of 187 one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Blood samples were collected from 40 camels suspected forTrypanosoma infection from farms at Giza Pyramids area. In addition, 147 samples were collected from apparently healthy camels (97 and 50 from El-Bassatin and El-Warraq abattoirs respectively) for screening of Trypanosoma species infection. All samples were examined parasitologically by Giemsa stained blood smear and haematocrit centrifugation technique, serologically by card agglutination test (CATT) for detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification with aspecific primers for detection of trypanozoan parasites. Out of 187 camels, 14 camels were positive by parasitological methods with a percentage of 7.49%, 21 positive samples were detected by anti-Trypanosoma antibodies using CATT with a percentage of 11.23%. Fourteen out of the positive blood samples by parasitological and serological techniques were used for PCR amplification. Thirteen out of 14 positive blood samples were PCR-positive and one was negative by using specific primers for T. evansi minicircle EVA1 and EVA2. The results of examined camels after using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of DNA of trypanosomes in infected camels, showed 138 bp PCR product for the specific detection of Trypanosoma evansi. It was concluded that the use of PCR, beside parasitological and serological methods, is recommended for exact diagnosis in survey and control programmes ofTrypanosoma evansi.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of Aflatoxin Production by Bacillus Subtilis

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Dec 1, 2009

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites mostly produced by two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and As... more Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites mostly produced by two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) in cereal grains, groundnuts, corn and rice. In the present investigation the HPLC technique was used for estimation of aflatoxins produced by each Aspergillus species either without or with co-cultivation of B. subtilis. The antitoxin production activity of Bacillus subtilis was detected when being co-cultivated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus under different cultural conditions (pH, temperatures , incubation periods and two types of media). The thermal stability of the antitoxin production element by bacterium was post-heating to 80, 100 ºC and autoclaving at 121 ºC. Maximum antiaflatoxigenic effect of this bacterium was observed at 25 ºC and pH 10 after four days cultivation with Aspergillus flavus, while, the activity appeared at 25 ºC and pH 10 after ten days when cultivated with Aspergillus parasiticus. The antitoxin production metabolites are shown to be thermostable at 80, 100ºC and autoclaving at 121ºC for 30 minutes.

Research paper thumbnail of Convenience of rapid detection tests in suspecting prevalence of FMD virus in Egypt between 2016-2017

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2017

Egypt is endemic for Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus with continuous long-lasting outbreaks in... more Egypt is endemic for Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus with continuous long-lasting outbreaks in different provinces causing significant losses in the animal livestock. This study was designed to show convenience of rapid detection tests in suspecting prevalence of FMD virus in Egypt during autumn and winter 2016 and spring and summer 2017. Samples collected from clinically suspected cattle and buffaloes at different governorates, were subjected to antigen detection ELISA and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Although FMD virus serotype O is more prevalent during that period, serotypes A and SAT2 were also found in less prevalent cases. It was showed that from 2018 samples, 62 (28.44%) and 72 (33.02%) samples were positive for FMD virus (Serotypes A, O and SAT2) using antigen detection ELISA and rRT-PCR, respectively. Trials for virus isolation on BHK-21 from aseptically prepared 24 positive samples by antigendetection ELISA and rRT-PCR, revealed four isolates, three for serotype O samples and one SAT2. Finally, rRT-PCR was employed as it has a greater sensitivity over the conventional ELISA and virus isolation for the diagnosis of FMD virus suspected samples which are not detected by the ELISA or not produce a CPE in cell cultures with fast and quantitative assessment of the virus.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular, clinico-pathological and sero-diagnosis of LSDV in cattle at Sharkia and Fayoum Governorates

Journal of Virological Sciences, 2017

A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at differ... more A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at different stages during the course of the Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and (100) Peripheral blood samples without anticoagulant were drawn from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clinco-pathological investigation. The results showed that 11/30 biopsies were positive by AGPT, 19/30 by IFAT and 30/30 by PCR. While results of sero-diagnosis showed that 45/100 from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle and 68/100 from vaccinated cattle were positive by SNT respectively and in general 90/200 of tested cattle give protective antibody titer, while 23/200 gave non protective titer and 87/200 have no antibody againest LSDV. The results of clinco-pathological revealed highly significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and uric acid, while the level of total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant decrease and non-significant reaction in creatinine and non-organic phosphorus in infected cattle. The results of antioxidant both malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase enzyme (CAT) showed significant increase while level of gloutathion (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and gloutathion peroxidas (GPX) showed significant decrease in infected cattle. Sero-survey, conventional techniques and PCR assay should be applied besides clinco-pathological for any cases with skin lesions as early as possible to diagnosis and apply adequate control measures. The results encountered in the present study revealed that cattle infected with LSD exposed to strong oxidative stress so recommended to use antioxidants in infected animals during treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Studies in Food Spoilage via Molecular Detection of Some Enterobacteriaceae Food Borne Bacteria Using Maldi-Tof

PLANT ARCHIVES, 2020

Foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of food spoiled by pathogens or their toxins. Sampli... more Foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of food spoiled by pathogens or their toxins. Sampling beef meat and chicken samples from local markets which is additionally affecting foodborne disease outbreaks, making food safety a universal issue. Biochemical classical microbiological and targeted molecular profiling of Enterobactericea using real time PCR, MALDI TOF as well as sequencing confirmation techniques were performed and compromised for speciation of possible foodborne pathogens in meat and tissue samples in randomly collected 300 samples is traced with their health riskimpact on human. Sum of 68 samples out of 300 were speciated; 28 meat (18 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 10 Salmonella), 18 (10 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 8 Salmonella) and 22 (10 E-coil, 12 Salmonella). Six representative positive samples of both Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were selected for further confirmation by sequencing as gold standard technique.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study on serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnosis of Brucellosis in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders

Research Square (Research Square), Apr 8, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in some meat products

alexandria journal of veterinary sciences, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Proteomic and Molecular Techniques in Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Minced Meat

alexandria journal of veterinary sciences, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and molecular studies on ,Echinococcus equinus isolated from necropsied donkeys

Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences, Dec 28, 2017

In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investiga... more In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investigated between October 2015 and September 2016 for the presence of hydatidosis disease. Hydatid cysts were detected in the livers of 10% of the examined donkeys and these cysts had a fertility rate 100%. Female donkeys were infected with cysts more than males and all infected donkeys were old aged with no cases of infection were detected in young or adult donkeys. Using molecular tools, the DNA extracted from cysts that had been isolated was subjected to PCR amplification, using synthesized oligonucleotide primers, and these were constructed to target the 299 bp within the (ND2) gene, which is considered to be specific for the Echinococcus equinus genotype. The sequenced PCR products showed homology to E.equinus (G4 or horse strain genotype). These results can be used in future to pursue the epidemiological status of the causative strain of hydatidosis in equines at the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying 3rd larval stages of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes (class: Nematoda) infecting Egyptian equines based on morphometric analysis

BMC Veterinary Research, Dec 12, 2022

Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines... more Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines. The traditional method to identify these nematodes is through coproscopy and fecal culture. Because of the scarcity of data published in Egypt discussing the morphometric features of infective 3 rd larvae of these nematodes, this study aims to provide a morphometric key for L3 of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting Egyptian equines. For this reason, we cultured fecal samples containing GINs eggs and 3 rd larval stages were identified based on their morphology (i.e., shape and number of intestinal cells (IC), shape of the esophagus, and shape of the tail sheath) in addition to computing their dimensions (i.e., length of larvae with sheath, length of the esophagus, length of intestinal cells, and body breadth). We identified 3 rd larval stages of four strongylid nematodes (Cyathostomum sensu lato, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus, and Strongylus edentatus) as well as two non-strongylid nematodes (Strongyloides westeri, and Trichostrongylus axei). Statistically, our results revealed significant differences in terms of total length, body width, esophagus length, and gut length among 3 rd larvae identified in the current study. The combination of both morphological and metric keys will allow the better identification of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting equines.

Research paper thumbnail of Use molecular techniques as an alternative tool for diagnosis and characterization of Theileria equi

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Impaired antioxidant gene expression by pesticide residues and its relation with other cellular biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Burullus

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017

Organochlorines and Organophosphorus are the most commonly used pesticides. These pesticides cons... more Organochlorines and Organophosphorus are the most commonly used pesticides. These pesticides constitute a considerable contaminating threat due to their excessive agricultural usage which in turn contaminates the aquatic system through agricultural drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate water and tissue residues of both pesticides in O. niloticus obtained from three different sections in Lake Burullus, Egypt. Assessment of relative change in mRNA levels of GST and Vtg (oxidative stress indicator) was done and its relation with other cellular biomarkers including apoptosis, which is assessed by Cellular apoptosis susceptibility transcript level (CAS), comet assay and micronucleus assays (genotoxicity indicator). Pesticide residue levels in water are fluctuating. In fish tissues, most residues were higher than those found in water and were associated with down regulation of hepatic GST gene and Vtg expression. CAS gene involved in apoptosis, its transcript is down regulated in middle and western sections of the lake with higher pesticide residues. Different degrees of DNA damages in O. niloticus' liver cells were demonstrated by comet assay. Significant increase in the micronucleated cells in the three sections of the lake was observed; the western section fish showed the highest number. Persistent exposures of fish to pesticide caused impairment of antioxidant gene expression. This negatively affects apoptosis associated with damaging DNA and chromosome fragments.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Proteomic and Molecular Techniques in Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Minced Meat

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to e... more Listeria monocytogenes is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and Assess different techniques; Conventional cultural methods; Biochemical identification; Automated Biochemical identification (Vitek 2 compact); Proteomic identification MALDI-TOF MS and Molecular identification (RT- PCR) in Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in minced meat retailed in local markets in Alexandria City, Egypt. Prevalence of suspected listeria spp. isolated from examined samples of minced meat by conventional culture method were 65% (65/100), while prevalence of L. monocytogenes isolated from examined samples of minced meat 30.8% (20/65), 23.07% (15/65) and 53.8% (35/65) by ViTeK2 compact; MALDI-TOF MS and RT-PCR, respectively, with overall prevalence 53.8 % (35/65) considering molecular detection results which depends on gene detection which offer the highest Sensitivity in identification of L. monocytogenes . Identification of L. monocytoge...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying 3rd larval stages of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes (class: Nematoda) infecting Egyptian equines based on morphometric analysis

BMC Veterinary Research

Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines... more Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines. The traditional method to identify these nematodes is through coproscopy and fecal culture. Because of the scarcity of data published in Egypt discussing the morphometric features of infective 3rd larvae of these nematodes, this study aims to provide a morphometric key for L3 of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting Egyptian equines. For this reason, we cultured fecal samples containing GINs eggs and 3rd larval stages were identified based on their morphology (i.e., shape and number of intestinal cells (IC), shape of the esophagus, and shape of the tail sheath) in addition to computing their dimensions (i.e., length of larvae with sheath, length of the esophagus, length of intestinal cells, and body breadth). We identified 3rd larval stages of four strongylid nematodes (Cyathostomumsensulato, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus, and Strongylus edentatus) as well ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study on serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnosis of Brucellosis in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders

BackgroundBrucellosis is a significant animal disease communicable to humans that affects cattle ... more BackgroundBrucellosis is a significant animal disease communicable to humans that affects cattle worldwide. It is spreading disease in many developing countries. Brucellosis in farm animals induces serious economic costs in undeveloped countries and causes serious health hazards to dairy users. Sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques are necessary for disease surveillance and management. FindingsIn this investigation, the overall prevalence of brucellosis in examined animals was 34.91% by MRT, while i-ELISA showed 33.96% prevalence. the sensitivity and specificity of MRT were 93.55%, and 89.33% and ELISA were 96.77%, 92 % respectively. whereas, the false positive was 10.67% and 8.00% for MRT and ELISA respectively. Brucella microorganism was isolated in 25.47 % milk samples, all Brucella strains were determined as B. melitensis biovar 3. By conventional PCR and real-time PCR, 28.3% of samples were positive. The results showed that the sensitivity of bacteriological culture, Con...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular, clinico-pathological and sero-diagnosis of LSDV in cattle at Sharkia and Fayoum Governorates

A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at differ... more A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at different stages during the course of the Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and (100) Peripheral blood samples without anticoagulant were drawn from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clinco-pathological investigation. The results showed that 11/30 biopsies were positive by AGPT, 19/30 by IFAT and 30/30 by PCR. While results of sero-diagnosis showed t...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study Between Traditional Methods and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and part of the Myc... more Mycobacterium bovis is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). BTB has an impact on the national and international economy, affects the ecosystem via transmission to wildlife and is of public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Although still present in some industrialized countries, BTB today mostly affects developing countries lacking the resources to apply expensive test and slaughter schemes. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem despite near eradication in some developed countries. This study was conducted from early winter of 2015 to winter of 2017 to compare between conventional and molecular techniques for detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in Egypt. A total of 49 specimens were collected from four major abattoirs (El-BasateenEl-MoniebBeni-SuefAl-fayoum) to be analyzed bacteriologically and biochemically for: isolation, identification and confirmation of M. bovis with mol...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Different PCR-based Techniques in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Infected Cattle Lymph Nodes

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium ... more Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In a large number of countries bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease among cattle and other domesticated animals. M. bovis can infect humans, primarily by the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products but also in aerosols and through breaks in the skin. Raw or undercooked meat can also be a source of the infection. In live cattle, tuberculosis is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test which should be performed in the course of the twelve months prior to presentation for slaughter. An additional problem with the skin test is the widespread cross-reactivity with environmental mycobacteria which can limit its use. The diagnosis is confirmed by the isolation and identification of M. bovis on selective culture media or by different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In this study, initially, 70 cows with the TB symptoms were screened for tuberculo...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparable Study of Immunological, Bacteriological, and Molecular Techniques for Detecting Brucellosis in Milk of Reproductively Problematic Cows

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, 2025

B RUCELLOSIS, a serious animal infectious disease transmitted to human beings, is a major health ... more B RUCELLOSIS, a serious animal infectious disease transmitted to human beings, is a major health risk for dairy consumers, especially in developing-countries resulting in dangerous economic and financial problems. Brucellosis diagnosis is critical in order to detect this infection and find a suitable treatment. Accordingly, this study aims to follow up on the accuracy and sensitivity of different diagnostic techniques used in detecting brucellosis in milk (immunological, bacteriological, and molecular techniques). Milk ring test (MRT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) are among the used techniques where positive brucellosis was detected in milk samples with total percentages of 34.91% and 33.96%, respectively. The recorded relative-sensitivity for MRT and i-ELISA were 93.55% and 96.77%, respectively, while their relative-specificities were 89.33% and 92%, respectively. i-ELISA was found to show both higher relative sensitivity and specificity than the MRT technique. The percentage of Brucella species detected in milk samples via bacteriological culture was 25.5% and all of them were reported to be B. melitensis biovar 3. On the other hand, 28.3% of samples were positively detected in both conventional and qPCR samples. The relative-sensitivities were 87.10%, 96.77%, and 96.77% for bacteriological culture, conventional-PCR, and qPCR techniques, respectively. All three techniques reported relative-specificities of 100%. The most predominant species detected in cows' milk suffering from reproductive disorders is B. melitensis biovar 3. Both PCR techniques showed the highest relative-sensitivity and specificity in addition to being rapid and low-risk techniques making PCR the best diagnostic technique for brucellosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and molecular studies on ,Echinococcus equinus isolated from necropsied donkeys

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017

In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investiga... more In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investigated between October 2015 and September 2016 for the presence of hydatidosis disease. Hydatid cysts were detected in the livers of 10% of the examined donkeys and these cysts had a fertility rate 100%. Female donkeys were infected with cysts more than males and all infected donkeys were old aged with no cases of infection were detected in young or adult donkeys. Using molecular tools, the DNA extracted from cysts that had been isolated was subjected to PCR amplification, using synthesized oligonucleotide primers, and these were constructed to target the 299 bp within the (ND2) gene, which is considered to be specific for the Echinococcus equinus genotype. The sequenced PCR products showed homology to E.equinus (G4 or horse strain genotype). These results can be used in future to pursue the epidemiological status of the causative strain of hydatidosis in equines at the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological and Molecular Studies on Trypanosoma Evansi of Camels in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Apr 1, 2016

his study was conducted on a total of 187 one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Blood samples ... more his study was conducted on a total of 187 one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Blood samples were collected from 40 camels suspected forTrypanosoma infection from farms at Giza Pyramids area. In addition, 147 samples were collected from apparently healthy camels (97 and 50 from El-Bassatin and El-Warraq abattoirs respectively) for screening of Trypanosoma species infection. All samples were examined parasitologically by Giemsa stained blood smear and haematocrit centrifugation technique, serologically by card agglutination test (CATT) for detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification with aspecific primers for detection of trypanozoan parasites. Out of 187 camels, 14 camels were positive by parasitological methods with a percentage of 7.49%, 21 positive samples were detected by anti-Trypanosoma antibodies using CATT with a percentage of 11.23%. Fourteen out of the positive blood samples by parasitological and serological techniques were used for PCR amplification. Thirteen out of 14 positive blood samples were PCR-positive and one was negative by using specific primers for T. evansi minicircle EVA1 and EVA2. The results of examined camels after using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of DNA of trypanosomes in infected camels, showed 138 bp PCR product for the specific detection of Trypanosoma evansi. It was concluded that the use of PCR, beside parasitological and serological methods, is recommended for exact diagnosis in survey and control programmes ofTrypanosoma evansi.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of Aflatoxin Production by Bacillus Subtilis

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Dec 1, 2009

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites mostly produced by two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and As... more Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites mostly produced by two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) in cereal grains, groundnuts, corn and rice. In the present investigation the HPLC technique was used for estimation of aflatoxins produced by each Aspergillus species either without or with co-cultivation of B. subtilis. The antitoxin production activity of Bacillus subtilis was detected when being co-cultivated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus under different cultural conditions (pH, temperatures , incubation periods and two types of media). The thermal stability of the antitoxin production element by bacterium was post-heating to 80, 100 ºC and autoclaving at 121 ºC. Maximum antiaflatoxigenic effect of this bacterium was observed at 25 ºC and pH 10 after four days cultivation with Aspergillus flavus, while, the activity appeared at 25 ºC and pH 10 after ten days when cultivated with Aspergillus parasiticus. The antitoxin production metabolites are shown to be thermostable at 80, 100ºC and autoclaving at 121ºC for 30 minutes.

Research paper thumbnail of Convenience of rapid detection tests in suspecting prevalence of FMD virus in Egypt between 2016-2017

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2017

Egypt is endemic for Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus with continuous long-lasting outbreaks in... more Egypt is endemic for Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus with continuous long-lasting outbreaks in different provinces causing significant losses in the animal livestock. This study was designed to show convenience of rapid detection tests in suspecting prevalence of FMD virus in Egypt during autumn and winter 2016 and spring and summer 2017. Samples collected from clinically suspected cattle and buffaloes at different governorates, were subjected to antigen detection ELISA and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Although FMD virus serotype O is more prevalent during that period, serotypes A and SAT2 were also found in less prevalent cases. It was showed that from 2018 samples, 62 (28.44%) and 72 (33.02%) samples were positive for FMD virus (Serotypes A, O and SAT2) using antigen detection ELISA and rRT-PCR, respectively. Trials for virus isolation on BHK-21 from aseptically prepared 24 positive samples by antigendetection ELISA and rRT-PCR, revealed four isolates, three for serotype O samples and one SAT2. Finally, rRT-PCR was employed as it has a greater sensitivity over the conventional ELISA and virus isolation for the diagnosis of FMD virus suspected samples which are not detected by the ELISA or not produce a CPE in cell cultures with fast and quantitative assessment of the virus.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular, clinico-pathological and sero-diagnosis of LSDV in cattle at Sharkia and Fayoum Governorates

Journal of Virological Sciences, 2017

A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at differ... more A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at different stages during the course of the Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and (100) Peripheral blood samples without anticoagulant were drawn from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clinco-pathological investigation. The results showed that 11/30 biopsies were positive by AGPT, 19/30 by IFAT and 30/30 by PCR. While results of sero-diagnosis showed that 45/100 from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle and 68/100 from vaccinated cattle were positive by SNT respectively and in general 90/200 of tested cattle give protective antibody titer, while 23/200 gave non protective titer and 87/200 have no antibody againest LSDV. The results of clinco-pathological revealed highly significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and uric acid, while the level of total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant decrease and non-significant reaction in creatinine and non-organic phosphorus in infected cattle. The results of antioxidant both malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase enzyme (CAT) showed significant increase while level of gloutathion (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and gloutathion peroxidas (GPX) showed significant decrease in infected cattle. Sero-survey, conventional techniques and PCR assay should be applied besides clinco-pathological for any cases with skin lesions as early as possible to diagnosis and apply adequate control measures. The results encountered in the present study revealed that cattle infected with LSD exposed to strong oxidative stress so recommended to use antioxidants in infected animals during treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Studies in Food Spoilage via Molecular Detection of Some Enterobacteriaceae Food Borne Bacteria Using Maldi-Tof

PLANT ARCHIVES, 2020

Foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of food spoiled by pathogens or their toxins. Sampli... more Foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of food spoiled by pathogens or their toxins. Sampling beef meat and chicken samples from local markets which is additionally affecting foodborne disease outbreaks, making food safety a universal issue. Biochemical classical microbiological and targeted molecular profiling of Enterobactericea using real time PCR, MALDI TOF as well as sequencing confirmation techniques were performed and compromised for speciation of possible foodborne pathogens in meat and tissue samples in randomly collected 300 samples is traced with their health riskimpact on human. Sum of 68 samples out of 300 were speciated; 28 meat (18 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 10 Salmonella), 18 (10 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 8 Salmonella) and 22 (10 E-coil, 12 Salmonella). Six representative positive samples of both Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were selected for further confirmation by sequencing as gold standard technique.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study on serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnosis of Brucellosis in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders

Research Square (Research Square), Apr 8, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in some meat products

alexandria journal of veterinary sciences, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Proteomic and Molecular Techniques in Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Minced Meat

alexandria journal of veterinary sciences, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and molecular studies on ,Echinococcus equinus isolated from necropsied donkeys

Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences, Dec 28, 2017

In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investiga... more In the present study, forty donkeys of different ages and sexes at Giza Zoo, Egypt were investigated between October 2015 and September 2016 for the presence of hydatidosis disease. Hydatid cysts were detected in the livers of 10% of the examined donkeys and these cysts had a fertility rate 100%. Female donkeys were infected with cysts more than males and all infected donkeys were old aged with no cases of infection were detected in young or adult donkeys. Using molecular tools, the DNA extracted from cysts that had been isolated was subjected to PCR amplification, using synthesized oligonucleotide primers, and these were constructed to target the 299 bp within the (ND2) gene, which is considered to be specific for the Echinococcus equinus genotype. The sequenced PCR products showed homology to E.equinus (G4 or horse strain genotype). These results can be used in future to pursue the epidemiological status of the causative strain of hydatidosis in equines at the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying 3rd larval stages of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes (class: Nematoda) infecting Egyptian equines based on morphometric analysis

BMC Veterinary Research, Dec 12, 2022

Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines... more Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines. The traditional method to identify these nematodes is through coproscopy and fecal culture. Because of the scarcity of data published in Egypt discussing the morphometric features of infective 3 rd larvae of these nematodes, this study aims to provide a morphometric key for L3 of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting Egyptian equines. For this reason, we cultured fecal samples containing GINs eggs and 3 rd larval stages were identified based on their morphology (i.e., shape and number of intestinal cells (IC), shape of the esophagus, and shape of the tail sheath) in addition to computing their dimensions (i.e., length of larvae with sheath, length of the esophagus, length of intestinal cells, and body breadth). We identified 3 rd larval stages of four strongylid nematodes (Cyathostomum sensu lato, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus, and Strongylus edentatus) as well as two non-strongylid nematodes (Strongyloides westeri, and Trichostrongylus axei). Statistically, our results revealed significant differences in terms of total length, body width, esophagus length, and gut length among 3 rd larvae identified in the current study. The combination of both morphological and metric keys will allow the better identification of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting equines.

Research paper thumbnail of Use molecular techniques as an alternative tool for diagnosis and characterization of Theileria equi

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Impaired antioxidant gene expression by pesticide residues and its relation with other cellular biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Burullus

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017

Organochlorines and Organophosphorus are the most commonly used pesticides. These pesticides cons... more Organochlorines and Organophosphorus are the most commonly used pesticides. These pesticides constitute a considerable contaminating threat due to their excessive agricultural usage which in turn contaminates the aquatic system through agricultural drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate water and tissue residues of both pesticides in O. niloticus obtained from three different sections in Lake Burullus, Egypt. Assessment of relative change in mRNA levels of GST and Vtg (oxidative stress indicator) was done and its relation with other cellular biomarkers including apoptosis, which is assessed by Cellular apoptosis susceptibility transcript level (CAS), comet assay and micronucleus assays (genotoxicity indicator). Pesticide residue levels in water are fluctuating. In fish tissues, most residues were higher than those found in water and were associated with down regulation of hepatic GST gene and Vtg expression. CAS gene involved in apoptosis, its transcript is down regulated in middle and western sections of the lake with higher pesticide residues. Different degrees of DNA damages in O. niloticus' liver cells were demonstrated by comet assay. Significant increase in the micronucleated cells in the three sections of the lake was observed; the western section fish showed the highest number. Persistent exposures of fish to pesticide caused impairment of antioxidant gene expression. This negatively affects apoptosis associated with damaging DNA and chromosome fragments.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Proteomic and Molecular Techniques in Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Minced Meat

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to e... more Listeria monocytogenes is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and Assess different techniques; Conventional cultural methods; Biochemical identification; Automated Biochemical identification (Vitek 2 compact); Proteomic identification MALDI-TOF MS and Molecular identification (RT- PCR) in Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in minced meat retailed in local markets in Alexandria City, Egypt. Prevalence of suspected listeria spp. isolated from examined samples of minced meat by conventional culture method were 65% (65/100), while prevalence of L. monocytogenes isolated from examined samples of minced meat 30.8% (20/65), 23.07% (15/65) and 53.8% (35/65) by ViTeK2 compact; MALDI-TOF MS and RT-PCR, respectively, with overall prevalence 53.8 % (35/65) considering molecular detection results which depends on gene detection which offer the highest Sensitivity in identification of L. monocytogenes . Identification of L. monocytoge...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying 3rd larval stages of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes (class: Nematoda) infecting Egyptian equines based on morphometric analysis

BMC Veterinary Research

Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines... more Strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes are one of the most important parasites infecting equines. The traditional method to identify these nematodes is through coproscopy and fecal culture. Because of the scarcity of data published in Egypt discussing the morphometric features of infective 3rd larvae of these nematodes, this study aims to provide a morphometric key for L3 of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes infecting Egyptian equines. For this reason, we cultured fecal samples containing GINs eggs and 3rd larval stages were identified based on their morphology (i.e., shape and number of intestinal cells (IC), shape of the esophagus, and shape of the tail sheath) in addition to computing their dimensions (i.e., length of larvae with sheath, length of the esophagus, length of intestinal cells, and body breadth). We identified 3rd larval stages of four strongylid nematodes (Cyathostomumsensulato, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus, and Strongylus edentatus) as well ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study on serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnosis of Brucellosis in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders

BackgroundBrucellosis is a significant animal disease communicable to humans that affects cattle ... more BackgroundBrucellosis is a significant animal disease communicable to humans that affects cattle worldwide. It is spreading disease in many developing countries. Brucellosis in farm animals induces serious economic costs in undeveloped countries and causes serious health hazards to dairy users. Sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques are necessary for disease surveillance and management. FindingsIn this investigation, the overall prevalence of brucellosis in examined animals was 34.91% by MRT, while i-ELISA showed 33.96% prevalence. the sensitivity and specificity of MRT were 93.55%, and 89.33% and ELISA were 96.77%, 92 % respectively. whereas, the false positive was 10.67% and 8.00% for MRT and ELISA respectively. Brucella microorganism was isolated in 25.47 % milk samples, all Brucella strains were determined as B. melitensis biovar 3. By conventional PCR and real-time PCR, 28.3% of samples were positive. The results showed that the sensitivity of bacteriological culture, Con...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular, clinico-pathological and sero-diagnosis of LSDV in cattle at Sharkia and Fayoum Governorates

A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at differ... more A total of 30 biopsy samples from cutaneous nodules were obtained from infected animals at different stages during the course of the Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and (100) Peripheral blood samples without anticoagulant were drawn from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clinco-pathological investigation. The results showed that 11/30 biopsies were positive by AGPT, 19/30 by IFAT and 30/30 by PCR. While results of sero-diagnosis showed t...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study Between Traditional Methods and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and part of the Myc... more Mycobacterium bovis is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). BTB has an impact on the national and international economy, affects the ecosystem via transmission to wildlife and is of public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Although still present in some industrialized countries, BTB today mostly affects developing countries lacking the resources to apply expensive test and slaughter schemes. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem despite near eradication in some developed countries. This study was conducted from early winter of 2015 to winter of 2017 to compare between conventional and molecular techniques for detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in Egypt. A total of 49 specimens were collected from four major abattoirs (El-BasateenEl-MoniebBeni-SuefAl-fayoum) to be analyzed bacteriologically and biochemically for: isolation, identification and confirmation of M. bovis with mol...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Different PCR-based Techniques in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Infected Cattle Lymph Nodes

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium ... more Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In a large number of countries bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease among cattle and other domesticated animals. M. bovis can infect humans, primarily by the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products but also in aerosols and through breaks in the skin. Raw or undercooked meat can also be a source of the infection. In live cattle, tuberculosis is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test which should be performed in the course of the twelve months prior to presentation for slaughter. An additional problem with the skin test is the widespread cross-reactivity with environmental mycobacteria which can limit its use. The diagnosis is confirmed by the isolation and identification of M. bovis on selective culture media or by different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In this study, initially, 70 cows with the TB symptoms were screened for tuberculo...