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Papers by ibtehal kareem

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ/Journal of engineering, Mar 13, 2024

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Science, Nov 4, 2023

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis),... more The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time,...

Journal of Engineering

The importance of the present work falls on the pitting corrosion behavior investigation of 304 S... more The importance of the present work falls on the pitting corrosion behavior investigation of 304 SS and 316 SS alloys in 3.5 wt% of aqueous solution bearing with chloride and bromide anion at different solutions temperature range starting from (20-50)oC due to the pitting corrosion tremendous effect on the economic, safety and materials loss due to leakage. The impact of solution temperatures on the pitting corrosion resistance at 3.5wt% (NaCl and NaBr) solutions for the 304 SS and 316 SS has been investigated utilizing the cyclic polarization techniques at the potential range -400 to1000 mV vs. SCE at 40 mV/sec scan rate followed by the surface characterization employing Scanning Electron Microscope. The results show that a significant decline in the pitting corrosion potential Ep values of both stainless steel alloys in chloride and bromide solution during temperature increase attributed to the pitting corrosion potential decreased arises from the modification of the passive fi...

Essential oils are highly concentrated substances having flavor and therapeutic properties. They ... more Essential oils are highly concentrated substances having flavor and therapeutic properties. They are used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from different parts of Myrtus Communis L. Plants ( leaves, flowers, and stems) by solvent extraction method using water as a green solvent compared with other solvent ( nhexane and ethanol). The description and simulation of this process with mathematical model based on mass transfer fundamentals was investigated in this research. The process parameters affected on extraction oil yield and mass transfer coefficients, when different extraction solvents were used. Results demonstrated that different parts of Myrtus Communis L. plants influence on the extraction mechanism, as well as the process controlled by mass transfer diffusion.

Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009

ABSTRACT

Separation and Purification Technology, 2009

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Jun 30, 2010

Nthm ddoud Eedry is'bmr Lik n6n r4.p.wd.. Irl. rcPEvorrl dd 2 (rune 20r0)

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming and climate change, making their emission and synthe... more Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming and climate change, making their emission and synthesis a global issue. Employing a pilot-scale scrubber packed with a Rashing ring randomly, where experimentally examined the absorption performance of carbon dioxide capturing by using an aqueous solvent of primary and poly alkanol amines; the investigations on carbon dioxide capturing were carried out at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), using simulated feed gas of carbon dioxide balanced with nitrogen. Monoethanolamine, Triethylenetetramine, and Diethylenetriamine are the primary and poly alkanol amine absorbents examined for this work. The impact of operating conditions, including amine inlet concentrations, liquid flow rates, gas flow rate, lean amine loading, inlet carbon dioxide concentration, absorbent temperature, and alkanol amine type, were examined according to the two-film concept. Regarding the removal of carbon dioxide efficiency and volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the gas side, the absorption performance was presented. A lab-scale investigation revealed that employing DETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 28.9% and a higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 165.7% in comparison to conventional MEA absorbent while employing TETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 18.86% and higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 69.64% in comparison to the conventional MEA absorbent. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that DETA would serve as an efficient chemical absorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide.

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Batt... more This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Battery industry for an effluent containing lead ion. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as electro coagulation.The electrochemical process, which uses a cell comprised aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode was applied to simulated wastewater containing lead ion in concentration 30 – 120 mg/l, at different operational conditions such as current density 0.4-1.2 mA/cm2, pH 6 -10 , and time 10 - 180 minute.The results showed that the best operating conditions for complete lead removal (100%) at maximum concentration 120 mg/l was found to be 1.2 mA/cm2 current density, in alkaline media pH = 10 , and at 120 minute.

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Electro coagulation treatment was used for zinc removal from electroplating wastewater of the Sta... more Electro coagulation treatment was used for zinc removal from electroplating wastewater of the State Company for Electrical Industries . This wastewater, here consists zinc ions with maximum concentration in solution of 90 ppm . The parameters that influenced the wastewater treatment are: current density in the range 1-1.4 mA/cm2, pH in the range 5-10, temperature in the range 25-45°C and time in the range 10-180 minute. The research is a laboratory experimental type using batch system for electrical process with direct current. The cell comprised of aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode. Thirty experiments and one hundred fifty sample lab tests were carried out in this research to study the effect of the mentioned parameters on the efficiency of the removal process . Experimental work of this research proved a higher efficiency about 95 % removal of zinc from wastewater at 1. 4 mA/cm2, in alkaline media at pH equal 10 and temperature 45°C.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2022 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies

Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially th... more Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially the wastewater discharge from petroleum refinery units. The effect of adsorption variables, which include time (30-240) min, initial concentration of furfural (40-5080) mg/l, and amount of adsorbent material (10, 15, and 20 g\250 ml). The commercial activated carbon was investigated in a batch process in order to obtain the maximum furfural removal from wastewater. The results obtained from the experimental investigations showed that furfural removal increases with the increasing adsorbent material and decreases with increasing furfural concentration. Best Furfural removal efficiency was obtained at pH value equal 7.0, agitation speed 150 rpm, contact time 240 minutes. Chemical adsorption takes place when increasing temperature adsorption capacity increases. The best solvent used to regenerate activated carbon was ethanol 50 wt%. Ethanol has been used in industrial applications due to its ...

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion ... more Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion batteries and perhaps proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for next-generation electrified transportation and energy storage applications. In the present work, a flow-type ZAFC with mechanical rechargeable was adopted, combined with an auxiliary cell (electrolyzer) for zinc renewal and electrolyte recharge to the main cell. In this work a practical study was performed to calculate the cell capacity (Ah), as well as study the electrolysis cell efficiency by current efficiency, and study the effective parameters that have an influence on cell performance such as space velocity and current density. The best parameters were selected to obtain the best performance for cell operation. The obtained cell capacity was 2.4Ah. The best performance of the electrolyzer was obtained with 0.6min-1 space velocity. At the same time, the best performance of the electrolyzer was when the value of t...

Engineering and Technology Journal

• Nanoparticles reduced filter loss up 41 and 32% by Fe2O3 and Al2O3, respectively. • Reduction (... more • Nanoparticles reduced filter loss up 41 and 32% by Fe2O3 and Al2O3, respectively. • Reduction (COF) between pipe and wellbore up 48 and 34% by Al2O3 and Fe2O3, respectively. • Wellbore swelling reduction up 50 and 30% by Al2O3 and Fe2O3, respectively. Nanotechnology can be used to develop drilling fluid additives that can improve the drilling fluid's properties. Using two types of nanoparticle (NP) additives in water-based drilling fluids have been studied in this paper. Three major drilling mud systems, namely potassium chloride (KCl) as a basic mud, KCl/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) NPs, and KCl/iron (Fe2O3) NPs, were prepared and studied for enhancement of rheological properties and shale inhibition. It was found that the drilling mud contained NPs in concentrations of 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1 g. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs added to KCl/polymer mud systems resulted in a 50% and 30% change in shale volume, respectively. The results demonstrated that incorporating NPs into the KCL mud system enhanced shale inhibition. Adding NPs to the KCL-WBM increased yield point, plastic viscosity, and gel strength. The COF of KCL-polymer was reduced by 48% and 34% when added Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs at 0.5 and 0.75g, respectively. When Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs were used, particularly at 1g, the amount of mud filtration decreased from 13.1ml to 8.8 ml and 8.4 ml, respectively. Overall, it was found that adding Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs to the KCl-WBM can improve rheological, swelling, and filtration properties as well as lubrication.

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

The Journal of Engineering, 2013

The faujasite type Y zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available kaolin. For prepared fa... more The faujasite type Y zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available kaolin. For prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite X-ray, FT-IR, BET pore volume and surface area, and silica/ alumina were determined. The Xray and FT-IR show the compatibility of prepared catalyst with the general structure of standard zeolite Y. BET test shows that the surface area and pore volume of prepared catalyst were 360 m/g and 0.39 cm/g respectively. The prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite modified by exchanging sodium ion with ammonium ion using ammonium nitrate and then ammonium ion converted to hydrogen ion. The maximum sodium ion exchange with ammonium ion was 53.6%. The catalytic activity of prepared faujasite type NaY, NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolites was investigated by using the experimental laboratory plant scale of fluidized bed reactor. The cracking process was carried out in the temperature range 440 to 500 C, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) range 10 to 25 h ,and atmospheric pressure . The cata...

2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019), 2020

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2019

Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock fo... more Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock for gasoline production. The major constituents of light naphtha are (Normal Paraffin, Isoparaffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic). In this paper, we used zeolite (5A) with uniform pores size (5Aº) to separate normal paraffin from light naphtha, due to suitable pore size for this process and compare the behavior of adsorption with activated carbon which has a wide range of pores size (micropores and mesopores) and high surface area. The process is done in a continuous system - Fixed bed reactor- at the vapor phase with the constant conditions of flow rate 5 ml/min, temperature 180oC, pressure 1.6 bar and 100-gram weight of each adsorbents. We notice that the molecular sieve (5A) separated the normal paraffin (C4 – C8) from light naphtha feed until equilibrium (saturation). Activated carbon separated naphthene and aromatics, in addition, the other component of normal paraffin C6 (n-hexane), C7 (n...

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ/Journal of engineering, Mar 13, 2024

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Science, Nov 4, 2023

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis),... more The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time,...

Journal of Engineering

The importance of the present work falls on the pitting corrosion behavior investigation of 304 S... more The importance of the present work falls on the pitting corrosion behavior investigation of 304 SS and 316 SS alloys in 3.5 wt% of aqueous solution bearing with chloride and bromide anion at different solutions temperature range starting from (20-50)oC due to the pitting corrosion tremendous effect on the economic, safety and materials loss due to leakage. The impact of solution temperatures on the pitting corrosion resistance at 3.5wt% (NaCl and NaBr) solutions for the 304 SS and 316 SS has been investigated utilizing the cyclic polarization techniques at the potential range -400 to1000 mV vs. SCE at 40 mV/sec scan rate followed by the surface characterization employing Scanning Electron Microscope. The results show that a significant decline in the pitting corrosion potential Ep values of both stainless steel alloys in chloride and bromide solution during temperature increase attributed to the pitting corrosion potential decreased arises from the modification of the passive fi...

Essential oils are highly concentrated substances having flavor and therapeutic properties. They ... more Essential oils are highly concentrated substances having flavor and therapeutic properties. They are used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from different parts of Myrtus Communis L. Plants ( leaves, flowers, and stems) by solvent extraction method using water as a green solvent compared with other solvent ( nhexane and ethanol). The description and simulation of this process with mathematical model based on mass transfer fundamentals was investigated in this research. The process parameters affected on extraction oil yield and mass transfer coefficients, when different extraction solvents were used. Results demonstrated that different parts of Myrtus Communis L. plants influence on the extraction mechanism, as well as the process controlled by mass transfer diffusion.

Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009

ABSTRACT

Separation and Purification Technology, 2009

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Jun 30, 2010

Nthm ddoud Eedry is'bmr Lik n6n r4.p.wd.. Irl. rcPEvorrl dd 2 (rune 20r0)

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming and climate change, making their emission and synthe... more Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming and climate change, making their emission and synthesis a global issue. Employing a pilot-scale scrubber packed with a Rashing ring randomly, where experimentally examined the absorption performance of carbon dioxide capturing by using an aqueous solvent of primary and poly alkanol amines; the investigations on carbon dioxide capturing were carried out at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), using simulated feed gas of carbon dioxide balanced with nitrogen. Monoethanolamine, Triethylenetetramine, and Diethylenetriamine are the primary and poly alkanol amine absorbents examined for this work. The impact of operating conditions, including amine inlet concentrations, liquid flow rates, gas flow rate, lean amine loading, inlet carbon dioxide concentration, absorbent temperature, and alkanol amine type, were examined according to the two-film concept. Regarding the removal of carbon dioxide efficiency and volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the gas side, the absorption performance was presented. A lab-scale investigation revealed that employing DETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 28.9% and a higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 165.7% in comparison to conventional MEA absorbent while employing TETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 18.86% and higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 69.64% in comparison to the conventional MEA absorbent. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that DETA would serve as an efficient chemical absorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide.

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Batt... more This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Battery industry for an effluent containing lead ion. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as electro coagulation.The electrochemical process, which uses a cell comprised aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode was applied to simulated wastewater containing lead ion in concentration 30 – 120 mg/l, at different operational conditions such as current density 0.4-1.2 mA/cm2, pH 6 -10 , and time 10 - 180 minute.The results showed that the best operating conditions for complete lead removal (100%) at maximum concentration 120 mg/l was found to be 1.2 mA/cm2 current density, in alkaline media pH = 10 , and at 120 minute.

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Electro coagulation treatment was used for zinc removal from electroplating wastewater of the Sta... more Electro coagulation treatment was used for zinc removal from electroplating wastewater of the State Company for Electrical Industries . This wastewater, here consists zinc ions with maximum concentration in solution of 90 ppm . The parameters that influenced the wastewater treatment are: current density in the range 1-1.4 mA/cm2, pH in the range 5-10, temperature in the range 25-45°C and time in the range 10-180 minute. The research is a laboratory experimental type using batch system for electrical process with direct current. The cell comprised of aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode. Thirty experiments and one hundred fifty sample lab tests were carried out in this research to study the effect of the mentioned parameters on the efficiency of the removal process . Experimental work of this research proved a higher efficiency about 95 % removal of zinc from wastewater at 1. 4 mA/cm2, in alkaline media at pH equal 10 and temperature 45°C.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2022 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies

Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially th... more Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially the wastewater discharge from petroleum refinery units. The effect of adsorption variables, which include time (30-240) min, initial concentration of furfural (40-5080) mg/l, and amount of adsorbent material (10, 15, and 20 g\250 ml). The commercial activated carbon was investigated in a batch process in order to obtain the maximum furfural removal from wastewater. The results obtained from the experimental investigations showed that furfural removal increases with the increasing adsorbent material and decreases with increasing furfural concentration. Best Furfural removal efficiency was obtained at pH value equal 7.0, agitation speed 150 rpm, contact time 240 minutes. Chemical adsorption takes place when increasing temperature adsorption capacity increases. The best solvent used to regenerate activated carbon was ethanol 50 wt%. Ethanol has been used in industrial applications due to its ...

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion ... more Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion batteries and perhaps proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for next-generation electrified transportation and energy storage applications. In the present work, a flow-type ZAFC with mechanical rechargeable was adopted, combined with an auxiliary cell (electrolyzer) for zinc renewal and electrolyte recharge to the main cell. In this work a practical study was performed to calculate the cell capacity (Ah), as well as study the electrolysis cell efficiency by current efficiency, and study the effective parameters that have an influence on cell performance such as space velocity and current density. The best parameters were selected to obtain the best performance for cell operation. The obtained cell capacity was 2.4Ah. The best performance of the electrolyzer was obtained with 0.6min-1 space velocity. At the same time, the best performance of the electrolyzer was when the value of t...

Engineering and Technology Journal

• Nanoparticles reduced filter loss up 41 and 32% by Fe2O3 and Al2O3, respectively. • Reduction (... more • Nanoparticles reduced filter loss up 41 and 32% by Fe2O3 and Al2O3, respectively. • Reduction (COF) between pipe and wellbore up 48 and 34% by Al2O3 and Fe2O3, respectively. • Wellbore swelling reduction up 50 and 30% by Al2O3 and Fe2O3, respectively. Nanotechnology can be used to develop drilling fluid additives that can improve the drilling fluid's properties. Using two types of nanoparticle (NP) additives in water-based drilling fluids have been studied in this paper. Three major drilling mud systems, namely potassium chloride (KCl) as a basic mud, KCl/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) NPs, and KCl/iron (Fe2O3) NPs, were prepared and studied for enhancement of rheological properties and shale inhibition. It was found that the drilling mud contained NPs in concentrations of 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1 g. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs added to KCl/polymer mud systems resulted in a 50% and 30% change in shale volume, respectively. The results demonstrated that incorporating NPs into the KCL mud system enhanced shale inhibition. Adding NPs to the KCL-WBM increased yield point, plastic viscosity, and gel strength. The COF of KCL-polymer was reduced by 48% and 34% when added Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs at 0.5 and 0.75g, respectively. When Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs were used, particularly at 1g, the amount of mud filtration decreased from 13.1ml to 8.8 ml and 8.4 ml, respectively. Overall, it was found that adding Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs to the KCl-WBM can improve rheological, swelling, and filtration properties as well as lubrication.

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

The Journal of Engineering, 2013

The faujasite type Y zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available kaolin. For prepared fa... more The faujasite type Y zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available kaolin. For prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite X-ray, FT-IR, BET pore volume and surface area, and silica/ alumina were determined. The Xray and FT-IR show the compatibility of prepared catalyst with the general structure of standard zeolite Y. BET test shows that the surface area and pore volume of prepared catalyst were 360 m/g and 0.39 cm/g respectively. The prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite modified by exchanging sodium ion with ammonium ion using ammonium nitrate and then ammonium ion converted to hydrogen ion. The maximum sodium ion exchange with ammonium ion was 53.6%. The catalytic activity of prepared faujasite type NaY, NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolites was investigated by using the experimental laboratory plant scale of fluidized bed reactor. The cracking process was carried out in the temperature range 440 to 500 C, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) range 10 to 25 h ,and atmospheric pressure . The cata...

2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019), 2020

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2019

Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock fo... more Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock for gasoline production. The major constituents of light naphtha are (Normal Paraffin, Isoparaffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic). In this paper, we used zeolite (5A) with uniform pores size (5Aº) to separate normal paraffin from light naphtha, due to suitable pore size for this process and compare the behavior of adsorption with activated carbon which has a wide range of pores size (micropores and mesopores) and high surface area. The process is done in a continuous system - Fixed bed reactor- at the vapor phase with the constant conditions of flow rate 5 ml/min, temperature 180oC, pressure 1.6 bar and 100-gram weight of each adsorbents. We notice that the molecular sieve (5A) separated the normal paraffin (C4 – C8) from light naphtha feed until equilibrium (saturation). Activated carbon separated naphthene and aromatics, in addition, the other component of normal paraffin C6 (n-hexane), C7 (n...