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Papers by anuja ikhar

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Tooth Resorption is classified majorly into internal and external resorption as given by Andreaso... more Tooth Resorption is classified majorly into internal and external resorption as given by Andreason. The lesion puts the dentist in a predicament for treatment of the lesion, as it is often discovered accidentally, decreasing the prognosis as it is found later. Since the lesion usually affects the esthetically important region, it places the dentist in a quandary on what to do. Various factors affecting the pathophysiology of the lesion are the inflammatory process, stimulation of clastic cells. The etiology for the lesion is trauma in the majority of the cases. However, it may also be caused by excessive heat production during cavity preparation and in untreated carious lesions. Clinically it appears to be typically asymptomatic, although when it is actively progressing, the lesion shows symptoms of pulpitis as it mainly occurs due to chronic inflammation of the pulp. Histopathologically the lesion shows connective tissue of pulp which is inflamed and infiltrated by neutrophils, lym...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2021

In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infect... more In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infected by the COVID virus wherein definite procedures are performed. Consequently, these objects and surfaces, particularly where COVID-19 patients are being treated, must be appropriately cleaned and sanitized to stop further spread. The present article is intended for providing protocols about the cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces in the circumstances of COVID-19 for Dental operatories. Studies evaluating the surface characteristics of the virus as well as effective disinfection measures have been documented. Various chemicals in different concentrations have a virocidal effect. The devices introduced include used UV radiation and ozone. These changes in dental clinical practice are needed to save humanity by preventing further transmission of disease.

The aim of this study is to compare remineralizing agent applications on micro-hardness of bleach... more The aim of this study is to compare remineralizing agent applications on micro-hardness of bleached teeth using Vicker’s Hardness profiles. 60 extracted human premolar teeth were selected. Teeth were divided into 3 groups. Group AControl (16% CP), Group B(16% CP + CPPACP), Group C(16% CP + APF). All specimen were bleached for 15 days with 16% carbamide peroxide for 4 hours. On 15 th day remineralizing agent application was done with respective agents for 5 minutes. Microhardness testing was done on baseline (prior to bleaching), on 15 th day (post bleaching), on 30 th day (post remineralizing agent application). Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using Student’s paired t test, one way ANOVA and Multiple Comparison: Tukey Test and software used in the analysis was SPSS 21.0 version and ( P<0.05) is considered as level of significance. After bleaching all samples from all the groups showed decrease in micro-hardness. Further application of APF &...

International Journal of Dental Clinics, 2013

Forensic Odontology is a science mainly used for human identification and bite marks. The presen... more Forensic Odontology is a science mainly used for human identification and bite marks. The present review article focus on various techniques currently applied in the field of forensic odontology.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrument... more Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the Wave one reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Hyflex CM (coltene/whaledent inc, usa) and filled with the warm vertical compaction technique. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group (n = 20): no instrumentation (control group), instrumentation with WaveOne with obturation, instrumentation with Hyflex CM with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with single cone points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen’s canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analysed using 1-way analysis of variance (P = .05). Results: The median ...

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by W... more Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in endodontics have been published. Lasers have been a significant advancement in the field of endodontics. Be it effective cleaning, root canal treatment, surgery etc. The lateral accessory canals and anatomical complexities have been a restraint in root canal procedure, for such cases lasers have been introduced to simplify the process & have good clinical results. As there has been a boon in the improvement of laser techniques, many latest lasers having a broad array of characteristics is accessible and can also be helpful in several areas related to dentistry. When compared with conventional techniques, laser treatments has been proven to be more advantageous. The purpose of this article is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp cap...

DOI: 10.21276/sjds.2017.4.9.6 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ap... more DOI: 10.21276/sjds.2017.4.9.6 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of fluoride externally and within the bleaching agent on enamel microhardness. 30 extracted human premolar teeth were selected. Teeth were divided into 3 groups. Group A(16% CP bleaching agent) group B (fluoride containing bleaching agent) group C (application of fluoride on bleached enamel). All specimen were bleached for 21 days with the specific bleaching agents for 4 hours. Fluoride application (APF gel) was done for Group C after bleaching. Microhardness testing was done on baseline (prior to bleaching) and on 21 st day (post bleaching) and post fluoride application. Enamel microhardness is reduced after bleaching with 16% CP gel, but addition of fluorides to the bleaching agent or applied externally after bleaching helps to restore the microhardness.

Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of conventional post... more Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of conventional posterior composites, and short fiber-reinforced composites with and without the use of glass fiber post (GFP) and polyethylene fiber post on fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: Root canal treatment was performed on the sixty extracted maxillary premolars followed by mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparation and removal of the lingual wall. The teeth were randomized into six groups (A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, and B3). In Group A, a conventional posterior composite was used as a core material, and in Group B, short fiber-reinforced composite was used. Groups A and B were divided according to the post systems used. In Groups A1 and B1, 3 mm deep cavities were prepared in the palatal canal and restored with respective core materials. In Groups A2 and B2 GFP were placed in 10 mm post space prepared in the palatal canal and restored with respective ...

Ashram schools are residential schools developed for underprivileged groups of societywho areweak... more Ashram schools are residential schools developed for underprivileged groups of societywho areweak in organizations and economically poor. In general, in all the states, the major obstacle is lack of provision of capacity building and teachers training in serving of the Ashram schools. 8 ashram schools were then randomly divided into control group and intervention group. In the control group, end line oral health assessment using the WHO assessment form 2013 was carried out without any health promotion program. In the intervention group, the oral health care module speci ically designed for ashram schools, were implemented. In this group, end line oral health assessments were carried out. Treatments of the minor ailment, oral health program, behaviour change communication model for the schools were implemented. The need-based oral health module was developed for tribal students. The effect size for the interventionwas17.3% indicating17.3%reduction indental caries due to intervention ...

A correct diagnosis and an understanding of the etiology and dynamics of the processes involved i... more A correct diagnosis and an understanding of the etiology and dynamics of the processes involved in tooth resorption are critical to effective management. This article reports the management of a case of inflammatory internal resorption which was treated with the help of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.

Introduction: Complete fluid tight seal is important for successful endodontic treatment. It will... more Introduction: Complete fluid tight seal is important for successful endodontic treatment. It will be achieved by use of gutta percha with sealer during obturation. Aim: Compare and evaluate microleakge of Sealapex, MTA Fillapex and Adseal using stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Thirty single canaled human teeth were collected. Samples were separated into three groups (n=10). Group ISealapex, Group II-MTA Fillapex, Group IIIAdseal. Samples were examined under stereomicroscope for sealing ability. Data obtained were statistically checked using One-way ANOVA test. Results and conclusion: Least microleakage was found with Sealapex followed by Adseal followed by MTA Fillapex sealer. MTA Fillapex shows highest amount of leakage.

Aim: this study was conducted to compare the effects of different intracanal medicaments on micro... more Aim: this study was conducted to compare the effects of different intracanal medicaments on microhardness of dentin. Materials and Methods: The dentin disc of third molars (n = 45) was obtained and was randomized into three groups. Group metapex, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and control group according to the medicaments used. Teeth were incubated in 100% humidity for 7 days. For each group, teeth were subjected to microhardness testing. The one-way analysis of variance test was used to check mean differences among the groups. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. Results: Significant differences (P < 0.001) in mean microhardness of dentin between the control group and medicament group. The intergroup comparisons of metapex and MTAP group did not show any statistically significant variations (P > 0.05) in mean microhardness of dentin after the 7th day of application. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, MTAP affe...

This thoroughly revised book is a review on sterilization in dental office.Dental patients as wel... more This thoroughly revised book is a review on sterilization in dental office.Dental patients as well as dental health workers may get exposed to a variety of microorganisms. So,sterilization is of utmost importance.Surgical science has progressed during the 20th century far beyond what was envisioned centuries ago. Rapidly advancing technologies creating need for specialized competency, all practicing, operating room nurses and surgical technologist should continuously learn new procedures and technology for asepsis. This text includes various sterilization techniques and also includes waste management and its proper disposal in dental office.Chapters have been organised in nine parts including tables,and figures.This book will always keep one updated and enlightened regarding various steps and procedures in sterilization.

Journal of Conservative Dentistry

The main aim of restorative dentistry is to protect the vitality of the Pulp tissue. The pin poin... more The main aim of restorative dentistry is to protect the vitality of the Pulp tissue. The pin point carious expoure and iatrogenic errors warrant the need for various pulp capping procedures like Indirect Pulp Capping and Direct Pulp Capping. Pulp Capping is dressing of the dental pulp exposed due to mechanical procedure, carious lesion or traumatic injury to preserve its vitality and function. There has been constant evolution and research on materials used to cap the Pulp tissue. The different kind of chemical and biological materials has been used with varying degree of success. The prognosis based on the pulp capping material has dramatically improved with the introduction of bioactive cement. Though MTA and biodentine have shown a high success rate, their properties can be adversely affected with error in powder/liquid ratio and may present with difficulty in the handling characteristic. Premixed bioceramics have been introduced in the market and present with desirable properties as a pulp capping agent. Owing to good handling characteristics, biocompatibility, odontogenic property, and antibacterial action it is a potent pulp capping agent for clinical application. This review is aimed to discuss the introduction of premixed bioceramics, forms of premixed bioceramics available, and its physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparat... more Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparation is most important. Root canal system shows various anatomical variations. These variations will help microorganism to harbour themselves. In order to disinfect the root canal, various irrigating solutions are used. These chemical solutions may change the surface characteristics of root dentin. Hence, this study was carried out with an aim- to determine the failure mode of sealer after obturation using the various irrigating solution. The study was carried out using 40 extracted premolars. Biomechanical preparation was done using the crown down technique. Various irrigating solutions, namely, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, QMIX 2 in1, 17% EDTA liquid were used for irrigation. Later obturation was done using AH plus sealer and cold condensation technique. A section of 5mm root was obtained at the middle one third. Push out bond strength was evaluated and the mo...

Ozonated water is recognized to have an antiseptic, powerful oxidative and strong antimicrobial p... more Ozonated water is recognized to have an antiseptic, powerful oxidative and strong antimicrobial property towards bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Endodontics is mainly concerned about thorough root canal disinfection. Ozone is available in aqueous gaseous as well as ozonated oil. This paper gives brief review on the history, chemistry as well as its endodontic application as an endodontic disinfectant. Antimicrobial efficacy, effect on dentin bonding and contra indication of ozone is also covered in this article.

BACKGROUND The advances in the magnification sector have revolutionised the endodontic treatment ... more BACKGROUND The advances in the magnification sector have revolutionised the endodontic treatment from tactile and radiograph based to the vision driven. Using magnification tools like loupes, microscopes, rod lens endoscopes and oroscopes in the endodontic practice enables the clinician to magnify the field of treatment further than that by naked eyes. Suitable illumination along with magnification adds to the success of any dental procedure. Dating back to 1870, surgical loupes have been used. Apotheker and Jako introduced microscope in dentistry for the first time in 1978. Carr, in 1992 highlighted the role of the surgical operating microscope in endodontics. Various applications of surgical operating microscopes include minimally invasive surgical techniques like in periodontal regenerative procedures, adhesive dentistry and various procedures in endodontics like caries detection, for hidden canals, pulp stone removal, instrument removal, surgical endodontics, retreatment, perfor...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2021

In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infect... more In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infected by the COVID virus wherein definite procedures are performed. Consequently, these objects and surfaces, particularly where COVID-19 patients are being treated, must be appropriately cleaned and sanitized to stop further spread. The present article is intended for providing protocols about the cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces in the circumstances of COVID-19 for Dental operatories. Studies evaluating the surface characteristics of the virus as well as effective disinfection measures have been documented. Various chemicals in different concentrations have a virocidal effect. The devices introduced include used UV radiation and ozone. These changes in dental clinical practice are needed to save humanity by preventing further transmission of disease.

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Background: The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with eradication of microorganisms fr... more Background: The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system and avoidance of re-infection. Optical magnifications have extended the horizons of dental treatment. Recently, illumination and magnification have established to help provide precise anatomic details. The canal orifices can effortlessly be identified under a microscope than with surgical loupes or the naked eye. Objective: The comparison of the conservation of tooth structure during access cavity preparation under the microscope with the conventional method. Methods: Thirty patients were selected for whom root canal treatment where indicated. The patients were divided into two groups Group 1-Access cavity prepared conventionally and Group 2-Access cavity preparation under the microscope. The measurement between intercanal orifice was done using Vernier callipers. Results: In the present study, there was a reduction in measurement between mesiobuccal to the distal orifice and mesiobuccal to mesiolingual orifice but it was not statistically significant. There was a reduction in measurement from mesiolingual to distal orifice. The reduction was statistically significant (p=0.018) Less amount of tooth structure is removed therefore allowing for conservation of tooth structure resulting in improved strength tooth strength, which is clinically important. Conclusion: The conservative endodontic cavity (CEC) preparation to reduce the loss of tooth and preservation some of the roofs of the pulp chamber and peri-cervical dentin was reported in the literature.

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Oral health is an essential and vital component of overall health and is associated with much mor... more Oral health is an essential and vital component of overall health and is associated with much more than just healthy teeth. Difficulties persist, particularly among underprivileged strata, despite sufficient improvement in the overall oral health strategy. 1 The "Ottawa Charter for health promotion" introduced in 1986 in Geneva catered to the Health promotion through "empowering, participatory, holistic, equitable, sustainable, and multi-strategy approach". 2 The Government of India has also taken an initiative like "tobacco intervention, child dental centre, Oral Cancer Foundation, emergency dental centre, .

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Tooth Resorption is classified majorly into internal and external resorption as given by Andreaso... more Tooth Resorption is classified majorly into internal and external resorption as given by Andreason. The lesion puts the dentist in a predicament for treatment of the lesion, as it is often discovered accidentally, decreasing the prognosis as it is found later. Since the lesion usually affects the esthetically important region, it places the dentist in a quandary on what to do. Various factors affecting the pathophysiology of the lesion are the inflammatory process, stimulation of clastic cells. The etiology for the lesion is trauma in the majority of the cases. However, it may also be caused by excessive heat production during cavity preparation and in untreated carious lesions. Clinically it appears to be typically asymptomatic, although when it is actively progressing, the lesion shows symptoms of pulpitis as it mainly occurs due to chronic inflammation of the pulp. Histopathologically the lesion shows connective tissue of pulp which is inflamed and infiltrated by neutrophils, lym...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2021

In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infect... more In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infected by the COVID virus wherein definite procedures are performed. Consequently, these objects and surfaces, particularly where COVID-19 patients are being treated, must be appropriately cleaned and sanitized to stop further spread. The present article is intended for providing protocols about the cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces in the circumstances of COVID-19 for Dental operatories. Studies evaluating the surface characteristics of the virus as well as effective disinfection measures have been documented. Various chemicals in different concentrations have a virocidal effect. The devices introduced include used UV radiation and ozone. These changes in dental clinical practice are needed to save humanity by preventing further transmission of disease.

The aim of this study is to compare remineralizing agent applications on micro-hardness of bleach... more The aim of this study is to compare remineralizing agent applications on micro-hardness of bleached teeth using Vicker’s Hardness profiles. 60 extracted human premolar teeth were selected. Teeth were divided into 3 groups. Group AControl (16% CP), Group B(16% CP + CPPACP), Group C(16% CP + APF). All specimen were bleached for 15 days with 16% carbamide peroxide for 4 hours. On 15 th day remineralizing agent application was done with respective agents for 5 minutes. Microhardness testing was done on baseline (prior to bleaching), on 15 th day (post bleaching), on 30 th day (post remineralizing agent application). Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using Student’s paired t test, one way ANOVA and Multiple Comparison: Tukey Test and software used in the analysis was SPSS 21.0 version and ( P<0.05) is considered as level of significance. After bleaching all samples from all the groups showed decrease in micro-hardness. Further application of APF &...

International Journal of Dental Clinics, 2013

Forensic Odontology is a science mainly used for human identification and bite marks. The presen... more Forensic Odontology is a science mainly used for human identification and bite marks. The present review article focus on various techniques currently applied in the field of forensic odontology.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrument... more Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the Wave one reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Hyflex CM (coltene/whaledent inc, usa) and filled with the warm vertical compaction technique. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group (n = 20): no instrumentation (control group), instrumentation with WaveOne with obturation, instrumentation with Hyflex CM with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with single cone points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen’s canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analysed using 1-way analysis of variance (P = .05). Results: The median ...

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by W... more Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in endodontics have been published. Lasers have been a significant advancement in the field of endodontics. Be it effective cleaning, root canal treatment, surgery etc. The lateral accessory canals and anatomical complexities have been a restraint in root canal procedure, for such cases lasers have been introduced to simplify the process & have good clinical results. As there has been a boon in the improvement of laser techniques, many latest lasers having a broad array of characteristics is accessible and can also be helpful in several areas related to dentistry. When compared with conventional techniques, laser treatments has been proven to be more advantageous. The purpose of this article is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp cap...

DOI: 10.21276/sjds.2017.4.9.6 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ap... more DOI: 10.21276/sjds.2017.4.9.6 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of fluoride externally and within the bleaching agent on enamel microhardness. 30 extracted human premolar teeth were selected. Teeth were divided into 3 groups. Group A(16% CP bleaching agent) group B (fluoride containing bleaching agent) group C (application of fluoride on bleached enamel). All specimen were bleached for 21 days with the specific bleaching agents for 4 hours. Fluoride application (APF gel) was done for Group C after bleaching. Microhardness testing was done on baseline (prior to bleaching) and on 21 st day (post bleaching) and post fluoride application. Enamel microhardness is reduced after bleaching with 16% CP gel, but addition of fluorides to the bleaching agent or applied externally after bleaching helps to restore the microhardness.

Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of conventional post... more Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of conventional posterior composites, and short fiber-reinforced composites with and without the use of glass fiber post (GFP) and polyethylene fiber post on fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: Root canal treatment was performed on the sixty extracted maxillary premolars followed by mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparation and removal of the lingual wall. The teeth were randomized into six groups (A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, and B3). In Group A, a conventional posterior composite was used as a core material, and in Group B, short fiber-reinforced composite was used. Groups A and B were divided according to the post systems used. In Groups A1 and B1, 3 mm deep cavities were prepared in the palatal canal and restored with respective core materials. In Groups A2 and B2 GFP were placed in 10 mm post space prepared in the palatal canal and restored with respective ...

Ashram schools are residential schools developed for underprivileged groups of societywho areweak... more Ashram schools are residential schools developed for underprivileged groups of societywho areweak in organizations and economically poor. In general, in all the states, the major obstacle is lack of provision of capacity building and teachers training in serving of the Ashram schools. 8 ashram schools were then randomly divided into control group and intervention group. In the control group, end line oral health assessment using the WHO assessment form 2013 was carried out without any health promotion program. In the intervention group, the oral health care module speci ically designed for ashram schools, were implemented. In this group, end line oral health assessments were carried out. Treatments of the minor ailment, oral health program, behaviour change communication model for the schools were implemented. The need-based oral health module was developed for tribal students. The effect size for the interventionwas17.3% indicating17.3%reduction indental caries due to intervention ...

A correct diagnosis and an understanding of the etiology and dynamics of the processes involved i... more A correct diagnosis and an understanding of the etiology and dynamics of the processes involved in tooth resorption are critical to effective management. This article reports the management of a case of inflammatory internal resorption which was treated with the help of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.

Introduction: Complete fluid tight seal is important for successful endodontic treatment. It will... more Introduction: Complete fluid tight seal is important for successful endodontic treatment. It will be achieved by use of gutta percha with sealer during obturation. Aim: Compare and evaluate microleakge of Sealapex, MTA Fillapex and Adseal using stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Thirty single canaled human teeth were collected. Samples were separated into three groups (n=10). Group ISealapex, Group II-MTA Fillapex, Group IIIAdseal. Samples were examined under stereomicroscope for sealing ability. Data obtained were statistically checked using One-way ANOVA test. Results and conclusion: Least microleakage was found with Sealapex followed by Adseal followed by MTA Fillapex sealer. MTA Fillapex shows highest amount of leakage.

Aim: this study was conducted to compare the effects of different intracanal medicaments on micro... more Aim: this study was conducted to compare the effects of different intracanal medicaments on microhardness of dentin. Materials and Methods: The dentin disc of third molars (n = 45) was obtained and was randomized into three groups. Group metapex, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and control group according to the medicaments used. Teeth were incubated in 100% humidity for 7 days. For each group, teeth were subjected to microhardness testing. The one-way analysis of variance test was used to check mean differences among the groups. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. Results: Significant differences (P < 0.001) in mean microhardness of dentin between the control group and medicament group. The intergroup comparisons of metapex and MTAP group did not show any statistically significant variations (P > 0.05) in mean microhardness of dentin after the 7th day of application. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, MTAP affe...

This thoroughly revised book is a review on sterilization in dental office.Dental patients as wel... more This thoroughly revised book is a review on sterilization in dental office.Dental patients as well as dental health workers may get exposed to a variety of microorganisms. So,sterilization is of utmost importance.Surgical science has progressed during the 20th century far beyond what was envisioned centuries ago. Rapidly advancing technologies creating need for specialized competency, all practicing, operating room nurses and surgical technologist should continuously learn new procedures and technology for asepsis. This text includes various sterilization techniques and also includes waste management and its proper disposal in dental office.Chapters have been organised in nine parts including tables,and figures.This book will always keep one updated and enlightened regarding various steps and procedures in sterilization.

Journal of Conservative Dentistry

The main aim of restorative dentistry is to protect the vitality of the Pulp tissue. The pin poin... more The main aim of restorative dentistry is to protect the vitality of the Pulp tissue. The pin point carious expoure and iatrogenic errors warrant the need for various pulp capping procedures like Indirect Pulp Capping and Direct Pulp Capping. Pulp Capping is dressing of the dental pulp exposed due to mechanical procedure, carious lesion or traumatic injury to preserve its vitality and function. There has been constant evolution and research on materials used to cap the Pulp tissue. The different kind of chemical and biological materials has been used with varying degree of success. The prognosis based on the pulp capping material has dramatically improved with the introduction of bioactive cement. Though MTA and biodentine have shown a high success rate, their properties can be adversely affected with error in powder/liquid ratio and may present with difficulty in the handling characteristic. Premixed bioceramics have been introduced in the market and present with desirable properties as a pulp capping agent. Owing to good handling characteristics, biocompatibility, odontogenic property, and antibacterial action it is a potent pulp capping agent for clinical application. This review is aimed to discuss the introduction of premixed bioceramics, forms of premixed bioceramics available, and its physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparat... more Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparation is most important. Root canal system shows various anatomical variations. These variations will help microorganism to harbour themselves. In order to disinfect the root canal, various irrigating solutions are used. These chemical solutions may change the surface characteristics of root dentin. Hence, this study was carried out with an aim- to determine the failure mode of sealer after obturation using the various irrigating solution. The study was carried out using 40 extracted premolars. Biomechanical preparation was done using the crown down technique. Various irrigating solutions, namely, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, QMIX 2 in1, 17% EDTA liquid were used for irrigation. Later obturation was done using AH plus sealer and cold condensation technique. A section of 5mm root was obtained at the middle one third. Push out bond strength was evaluated and the mo...

Ozonated water is recognized to have an antiseptic, powerful oxidative and strong antimicrobial p... more Ozonated water is recognized to have an antiseptic, powerful oxidative and strong antimicrobial property towards bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Endodontics is mainly concerned about thorough root canal disinfection. Ozone is available in aqueous gaseous as well as ozonated oil. This paper gives brief review on the history, chemistry as well as its endodontic application as an endodontic disinfectant. Antimicrobial efficacy, effect on dentin bonding and contra indication of ozone is also covered in this article.

BACKGROUND The advances in the magnification sector have revolutionised the endodontic treatment ... more BACKGROUND The advances in the magnification sector have revolutionised the endodontic treatment from tactile and radiograph based to the vision driven. Using magnification tools like loupes, microscopes, rod lens endoscopes and oroscopes in the endodontic practice enables the clinician to magnify the field of treatment further than that by naked eyes. Suitable illumination along with magnification adds to the success of any dental procedure. Dating back to 1870, surgical loupes have been used. Apotheker and Jako introduced microscope in dentistry for the first time in 1978. Carr, in 1992 highlighted the role of the surgical operating microscope in endodontics. Various applications of surgical operating microscopes include minimally invasive surgical techniques like in periodontal regenerative procedures, adhesive dentistry and various procedures in endodontics like caries detection, for hidden canals, pulp stone removal, instrument removal, surgical endodontics, retreatment, perfor...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2021

In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infect... more In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infected by the COVID virus wherein definite procedures are performed. Consequently, these objects and surfaces, particularly where COVID-19 patients are being treated, must be appropriately cleaned and sanitized to stop further spread. The present article is intended for providing protocols about the cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces in the circumstances of COVID-19 for Dental operatories. Studies evaluating the surface characteristics of the virus as well as effective disinfection measures have been documented. Various chemicals in different concentrations have a virocidal effect. The devices introduced include used UV radiation and ozone. These changes in dental clinical practice are needed to save humanity by preventing further transmission of disease.

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Background: The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with eradication of microorganisms fr... more Background: The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system and avoidance of re-infection. Optical magnifications have extended the horizons of dental treatment. Recently, illumination and magnification have established to help provide precise anatomic details. The canal orifices can effortlessly be identified under a microscope than with surgical loupes or the naked eye. Objective: The comparison of the conservation of tooth structure during access cavity preparation under the microscope with the conventional method. Methods: Thirty patients were selected for whom root canal treatment where indicated. The patients were divided into two groups Group 1-Access cavity prepared conventionally and Group 2-Access cavity preparation under the microscope. The measurement between intercanal orifice was done using Vernier callipers. Results: In the present study, there was a reduction in measurement between mesiobuccal to the distal orifice and mesiobuccal to mesiolingual orifice but it was not statistically significant. There was a reduction in measurement from mesiolingual to distal orifice. The reduction was statistically significant (p=0.018) Less amount of tooth structure is removed therefore allowing for conservation of tooth structure resulting in improved strength tooth strength, which is clinically important. Conclusion: The conservative endodontic cavity (CEC) preparation to reduce the loss of tooth and preservation some of the roofs of the pulp chamber and peri-cervical dentin was reported in the literature.

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Oral health is an essential and vital component of overall health and is associated with much mor... more Oral health is an essential and vital component of overall health and is associated with much more than just healthy teeth. Difficulties persist, particularly among underprivileged strata, despite sufficient improvement in the overall oral health strategy. 1 The "Ottawa Charter for health promotion" introduced in 1986 in Geneva catered to the Health promotion through "empowering, participatory, holistic, equitable, sustainable, and multi-strategy approach". 2 The Government of India has also taken an initiative like "tobacco intervention, child dental centre, Oral Cancer Foundation, emergency dental centre, .