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International Network For Natural Sciences, 2021

The International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) invite all prospective research scholars... more The International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) invite all prospective research scholars to read and welcome to submit their original quality manuscript for quick publish of research paper, review paper, short communications, research reports, technical reports, intellectual articles, conceptual papers and latest research & findings on Life sciences, Environmental sciences, Agricultural sciences, Health sciences and Bio-medicinal science which are not under review or under consideration for publish in any other international academic journal.

International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Nov 30, 2019

The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging issues and challenges in baobab conservation ba... more The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging issues and challenges in baobab conservation based on the climate change, emerging challenges related to herbivory and human use such as emerging of new markets for baobab products and land use changes.Specifically, the review summarizes scientific questions and challenges for the conservation of one of the most important indigenous fruit tree species, Adansonia digitata in Sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights on new information on the status of A. digitata in Tanzania with a strong focus on ethno-botanical issues, traditional and modern uses as well as challenges for the management and conservation of the tree species.We have done that by using facts from different parts of the geographical ranges of Africa and other parts of the world. The review is based on the belief that understanding the factors underpinning the use and management of A. digitata is an essential step towards development of credible strategies and plans that would advance and lead to sustainable management of baobabs.

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International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) is a wing of Shamokal Research and Developme... more International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) is a wing of Shamokal Research and Developments Network (SRDN), Dhaka, Bangladesh. INNSPUB is dedicated to publish scholarly research journals and books in English and believes in sharing of new scientific knowledge in the field of Natural sciences, Biology, Medicine and Agriculture all over the world. All our publications are available in online platform that concurrently belong to many Societies, Universities and Research Institutes. Unique features: ♦ Fast-track peer-reviewed by international experts ♦ Fast publication and continuous publications ♦ Open access for facilitating higher number of citations ♦ Covered by renowned abstracting and indexing services ♦ All IJB articles are assigned to CrossRef DOI number INNSPUB publishes original scientific research articles, review papers, short communications and books. We anticipate that our rapid production service will allow top-end research to reach its audiences even sooner.

International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Jul 30, 2019

An easy and quick spectrophotometric method is developed for the investigation of cobalt at trace... more An easy and quick spectrophotometric method is developed for the investigation of cobalt at trace level using 1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) in presence of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous micellar solution. The cobalt forms bis [1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol] cobalt complex reacting with 1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol. Proposed method is of great importance because use of micellar system instead of solvent extraction steps that were toxic, expensive and time consuming. The method shows improved sensitivity, selectivity and molar absorption. The coefficient of molar absorption and Sandell’s sensitivity was found to be ε 1.89 × 104L mol-1 cm-1 and 3.1ngcm-2 at λmax 572.7nm. Graph of Linear concentration calibration was obtained in the range 0.02-9.0μgmL-1; stoichiometric metal ligand ratio was found 1:2 for the complex Co-[TAN]2 formation. The proposed method was applied for the investigation of cobalt from different alloys, biological, environmental and pharmaceutical samples.

INNSPUB.NET, Dec 28, 2019

The purpose of the presented investigation was to study the content of active metabolites in lich... more The purpose of the presented investigation was to study the content of active metabolites in lichen species: Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) A. Massal, Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Parmelia sulcata Taylor, Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. var. furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & D. Hawksw growing in Georgia. The primary and secondary metabolites of photo- and micobiont, in particular photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, proline, total phenols, soluble carbohydrates, total proteins and total antioxidant activity have been investigated. Spectrophotometrical and titration methods have been used for studies. Remarkably high content of carotenoids was discovered in Xanthoparmelia stenophylla compared to other tested species. Anaptychia ciliaris, Pseudovernia furfuracea and Ramalina farinacea were distinguished by the high content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins among the studied tree-inhabiting species. High content of proline was found in species: Xanthoparmelia stenophylla, Hypogymnia physodes, and Parmelia sulcata. Especially high content of phenols was determined in Peltigera canina. Ramalina pollinaria, Pseudovernia furfuracea, and Flavoparmelia caperata were distinguished by the high content of soluble carbohydrates, compared to other species. Content of total proteins was high in Ramalina farinacea, Pseudovernia furfuracea, and Flavoparmelia caperata. Hypogymnia physodes was distinguished by the high total antioxidant activity. Influence of the substrate on the quantitative characteristics of studied parameters was revealed. The same species of lichens may reveal different strategies of antioxidant defense according to environmental conditions. Cyanobionts seem to be more resistance to environmental conditions, compared to phycobiont.

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Trials for the effectiveness of Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food for incre... more Trials for the effectiveness of Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food for increased yields for selected crops were done in five different Agro-ecological zones and soil types, in Kenya. The approach was executed through controlled greenhouse experiment and in the field. The trials data obtained indicated Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food in combination with half the rate of recommended inorganic fertilizer performed significantly (p<0.05) better than all other treatments. Thus, plots treated with Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food gave higher yields in common beans, French beans, maize, onions, cabbages, capsicum with percentages exceeding 100 compared to the control in most cases. In many soils fertilizers are fixed and rendered insoluble under certain soil conditions such as soil pH. The Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food ameliorated the soil conditions as it interacted with inorganic fertilizer thus increasing its use efficie ncy by crops. Plantmate organic manure and Prime EC Foliar Plant Food not only increased soil chemical fertility but also improves water use efficiency at low matric potential and generally improves plant vigor and soil health .

To investigate the effect of seed priming treatments i.e. NaCl or KNo3 and non-primed seed of som... more To investigate the effect of seed priming treatments i.e. NaCl or KNo3 and non-primed seed of some safflower cultivars i.e. Giza 1, Line 168, and Line1697 on critical stage of germination under salinity concentrations of. 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 dSm-1 NaCl. Laboratory experiment was conducted at Giza Central Seed Testing Laboratory of Central Administration for Seed Certification (CASC), Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. Germination characters i.e. final germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and seedling vigour index were estimated. The results indicated that highest averages of final germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination, seedling vigor index were produced from primed seed in NaCl or KNo3. Line 168 surpassed other studied cultivars in final germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and seedling vigor index. Increasing salinity levels from 0 to 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 dSm-1 NaCl significantly decreased all studied characters. Results revealed that final germination percentage, germination rate, germination index and energy of germination significantly affected by the interaction between seed priming treatments and cultivars. Final germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and seedling vigor index significantly affected by the interaction between cultivars and salinity concentrations and by the interaction among seed priming treatments, cultivars and salinity concentrations. Priming seed of Line168 or Line 1697 using NaCl or KNo3 were more tolerant to salinity stress, which must be put in breeding program of safflower for enhancing of safflower productivity under salinity conditions for reducing the gab of oil production in Egypt.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) publish high-quality original... more International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) publish high-quality original research papers together with review articles and short-communications. It publishes original scientific work in all areas of Agronomy and Agricultural sciences. The scopes of the journal include, but not limited to, the following topic areas: Agricultural sciences, Agronomy, Crop sciences, Horticulture, Plant protection, Breeding, Genetics, Pathology, Soil sciences, Animal sciences, Marine lives, Food & Fibre improvement and production

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences publish original research paper,research artic... more Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences publish original research paper,research article and scientific journal on Environment, Biodiversity,

International Journal of Biosciences is a reputed research journal that covers all areas of Biolo... more International Journal of Biosciences is a reputed research journal that covers all areas of Biology, Biotechnology, Genetics, Zoology, Botany and Agriculture.

International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) is a wing of Shamokal Publications, Banglad... more International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB) is a wing of Shamokal Publications, Bangladesh. INNSPUB is dedicated to publish scholarly research journals and books in English. We believe in sharing of new scientific knowledge in the field of natural sciences, biology, medicine and agriculture all over the world. All our publications are available online that concurrently belong to many societies, universities and research institutes.

Unique features:
♦ Fast-track peer-reviewed by international experts

♦ Fast publication and continuous publications

♦ Open access for facilitating higher number of citations

♦ Covered by renowned abstracting and indexing services

♦ All IJB articles are assigned to CrossRef DOI number

INNSPUB publishes original scientific research articles, review papers, short communications and books. We anticipate that our rapid production service will allow top-end research to reach its audiences even sooner.

IJAAR by INNSPUB Journals

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 10, 2022

The present study investigated the yield and its contributing attributes among F5 segregating tom... more The present study investigated the yield and its contributing attributes among F5 segregating tomato lines so as to find degree of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance. This research study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during season 2018-2019 at Agricultural Research Station Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The experimental material (23 segregating lines and 2 parental genotypes) were characterized for morphological days to first flowering, days to fruiting, plant height, stem diameter, cluster per plant, flowers per cluster, fruits cluster-1, fruits per plant, yield hectare-1. Analysis of variance regarding morphological attributes showed highly significant differences (P≤ 0.01) among tomato F5 segregating lines. Minimum days to first flowering and days to fruiting were recorded for ST-12, ST-14, ST-17 with values of (50.00), (78.33) each, respectively. Maximum plant height, stem diameter, clusters per plant, flowers per cluster, fruit per cluster, fruits per plant, single fruit weight were observed for ST-20, ST-17, ST-12, ST-21, Roma, ST-12, ST-8, Roma with values of (105.38), (1.69), (29.33), (6.18), (6.00), (150.27), (81.41). Very little differences were observed between phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits except cluster plant-1 and fruits plant-1 indicating that most of the traits were less influenced by environmental factors for their phenotypic expression. All traits had high h2 but only fruit plant-1 (0.37), single fruit weight (0.58), yield ha-1 (0.39) were found to be moderate and clusters plant-1(0.12) had low h2. Low genetic advance (20.0) was recorded for all traits except yield. Moderate to low genetic advance suggests the action of both additive and non-additive genes and favorable influence of environment in the expression. Desired morphological characterization on the basis of the yield attributing traits to fruit yield showed these lines ST-1, ST-2, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-9, ST-11, ST-12, ST-14, ST-17, ST-18, ST-19, ST-21, could further be used for the development of improved varieties in future tomato breeding program.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 3, 2022

A study was carried out to investigate the possibility of adopting conservation agriculture in co... more A study was carried out to investigate the possibility of adopting conservation agriculture in cotton production and determine its impact on seed cotton yield. The experiment was carried out in Zimbabwe at Cotton Research Institute, Umguza, Kuwirirana, Wozhele, Shamva and Dande communal areas. This new technology is also to fuse with the new Pfumvudza cotton program, a drive which Zimbabwean government is trying to implement. The experimental design used was a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The treatments used were as follows: conventional tillage practice, conservation agriculture with basins, conservation agriculture with ripped rows and conservation agriculture with dibber made holes. The data was collected on the average boll mass, plant height and seed cotton yield. The data was analysed using GenStat 18 th version and the means were separated using Fisher's LSD test at a 5% probability level. Based on the outcome of the results, it showed that high significant differences were realised at sites for all the treatments in terms of seed cotton yield with conservation agriculture with basins yielding the most at 1337kg ha-1. The other two conservation practices also produced better yields. This showed that conservation agriculture practices are a promising technology that can be used in cotton production with benefits being significant with time.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jun 10, 2022

The objective of the study was to evaluate the reproductive performance and estimate the genetic ... more The objective of the study was to evaluate the reproductive performance and estimate the genetic parameters, in a real environment, of the rabbit of the exotic Hyplus breed. The study will allow appreciating the parameters that could be the object of genetic improvement in view of a selection to produce a more efficient rabbit. The work took place at the SAP Mé d’Adzopé farm from January 2013 to June 2015. One hundred and twenty breeding does were followed for five successive generations of five parities each, with an interval of 11 days between the parturition and the next mating with weaning at 30 days. These females produced 5283 total born rabbits with 5164 born alive and 4732 weaned. The genetic parameters including heritability, genetic, phenotypic and non-genetic correlations (environmental effects) did analyzed using the Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood program. The results obtained showed that the receptivity and fertility rates did significantly influenced by the order of parity and the season of kindling. The pre-weaning mortality rate was 8.37%. Females had the best prolificacies’ between the second and fourth parity, with an average of 9.9, 10.19 and 9.79 kits respectively. The heritability values of young rabbits total born alive, born alive, weaned and old rabbits were 0.22; 0.20; 0.16 and 0.12 respectively. These results showed that selection is possible for these studied traits.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jun 10, 2022

Sensory evaluation or analysis is an invaluable tool in determining the consumers' acceptability ... more Sensory evaluation or analysis is an invaluable tool in determining the consumers' acceptability of a product developed and eventually its market success. This is a sequel test after the chemical analysis and microbiological procedures have been conducted. The study determined the level of acceptability of the by-product of Talisay (Terminalia catappa) nuts specifically; Talisay Nuts Polvoron, Glazed Talisay Nuts, and Sugar-coated Talisay Nuts using sensory evaluation as to appearance, taste, aroma, sweetness, and texture. The responses of the food inclined participants are described yielding from the Hedonic Tests conducted and statistically treated. Results concluded that the developed products are remarkably acceptable and marketable.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Apr 17, 2022

Soil salinity has a negative effect on germination and seedling growth, therefore, it is preferab... more Soil salinity has a negative effect on germination and seedling growth, therefore, it is preferable to ensure a high germination rate and strong early growth in saline soils in order to obtain the best productivity of grain crops. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most important plant growth regulators which decrease the e ffect of salinity A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and some salinity levels on the germination of barley seeds, using a completely random design in three replications, where the seeds were treated before planting with Gibberellic acid at a concentration of 300 ppm (soaking for 24 hours), compared to soaking in distilled water (control) under the influence of different concentrations of NaCl salt (4000, 9000) ppm compared with control. The results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed extremely significant (p < 0.05) when soaking barley seeds in Gibberellic acid (GA3) compared to control under different levels of NaCl concentration, as there was a positive effect on barley germination and root system where usin g Gibberellic acid such as germination energy (%), laboratory germination (%), germination force%, weight 100 feathers gr., weight 100 root gr., length feather (cm) and length roots (cm).

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Mar 25, 2022

A study on Honeydew melon using integrated nutrient management was conducted at the experimental ... more A study on Honeydew melon using integrated nutrient management was conducted at the experimental area of the Institute of Agricultural Technology, Isabela State University, Cauayan City from January to April 28, 2018. Specifically, it aimed to: Determine the performance of honeydew melon applied with different treatments, and assess which combination of treatments obtains a highest return on investment. The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three equal replications. The treatments were as follows: T1– FR- Based on soil analysis, T2 – 20% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer, T3 – 40% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer, T4 – 60% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer, T5 – 80% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer, and T6 – 100% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer. Based from the results of the study the longest vines at harvesting were obtained at T6 – 100% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer and T5 – 80% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer. Application 100% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer produced the heaviest weight of fruits and weight of fruits per sampling area and thicker fruit flesh. In terms of fruit diameter, sugar content, texture and aroma of the Honeydew melon the application of T6 – 100% FR + Vermiwash + Foliar Fertilizer and T1– FR- Based on soil analysis obtained the highest mean values.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Mar 12, 2022

A germination test was carried out to identify plants that can germinate and survive in polluted ... more A germination test was carried out to identify plants that can germinate and survive in polluted soil (with and without ash) collected 2.5km east and 2.5km west, 20km west and 55km west (control) of the BCL Cu/Ni mine smelter in Selebi-Phikwe, Botswana. The experiment was carried out using Phaseolus vulgaris, Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala. Soil acidity and heavy metal stress reduced germination percentage, coefficient rate of germination, root and shoot growth and dry weight, root: shoot, vigour index and tolerance index of all species. Percentage reduction followed the order 2.5km west < 20km west < 2.5km east < 55km west. Phaseolus vulgaris, Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala germinated in all soils. Their ability to germinate in polluted soil indicates tolerance to heavy metal and soil acidity stress and so they have potential for use in phytoremediation of polluted soils around the mine. Phaseolus vulgaris had the highest overall germination performance but there was no significant differ ence between the Moringas. Application of coal fly ash increased all the germination parameters and so coal fly ash has potential for use in amending polluted soil around the mine for phytoremediation purposes.

Intrenational Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 10, 2022

In order to study the morpho-biometric characterisation of the indigenous Djallonke sheep Ngaound... more In order to study the morpho-biometric characterisation of the indigenous Djallonke sheep Ngaoundere, 126 adult indigenous Djallonke sheep (38 males and 88 females) were sampled from January to December 2020. The results of this study show that the coat colour is dominated by white; the horns, mane and Pendulous are less present; the facial profile is convex and the ears are semi-pendent. In addition, ear length, body length, chest depth, croup length and tail length showed significant differences (p<0.05). The correlation (r=0.844) between the substernal gracility index and the auriculo-thoracic index revealed the existence of sub-populations of indigenous Djallonké sheep that can be the subject of an improvement and preservation programme.

International Network For Natural Sciences, 2021

International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Nov 30, 2019

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International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Jul 30, 2019

INNSPUB.NET, Dec 28, 2019

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Unique features:
♦ Fast-track peer-reviewed by international experts

♦ Fast publication and continuous publications

♦ Open access for facilitating higher number of citations

♦ Covered by renowned abstracting and indexing services

♦ All IJB articles are assigned to CrossRef DOI number

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 10, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 3, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jun 10, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Apr 17, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Mar 25, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Mar 12, 2022

Intrenational Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 10, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 3, 2022

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Aug 1, 2022

The present investigation is an attempt to explore the composition, characteristics, and generati... more The present investigation is an attempt to explore the composition, characteristics, and generation rate of municipal solid waste in the Shopian (J&K) by selecting five different sites. The study revealed that the average residential municipal waste generation rates differed among sites. Daily, Site II recorded highest amount of waste generation 170.3 kg/day and minimum of 48.56 kg/day was recorded at SV. According to the seasons, summer has the biggest amount of daily waste generation 320.3 kg/day to a minimum of 98.3 kg in winter. The rate of waste generation per capita varied, ranging from 0.521 kg/capita/day (SII) to 0.3455 kg/capita/day (SV). The per capita waste generation rate was observed to change seasonally, ranging from 0.6589 kg/capita/day in the summer to 0.306 kg/capita/day in the winter. The average municipal solid waste composition of municipalities at different sites, based on the geographical scale: SI, SII, SIII, SIV, and SV. SII had the highest food waste proportion, followed by SI and the other locations. The waste fractions of paper and cardboard were greater at SIV, whereas the rest of the fractions followed a similar trend across sites. The % by weight (composition) of municipal garbage varied insignificantly among seasons (F= 2.33E-06, P=1) and sites (F= 9.15E-08, P=1), according to an analysis of variance test. The study also revealed that the proportion of flammable material in municipal solid trash ranged from 95% at SII to 83 % at SIII, whereas the percentage of non-combustible material in municipal solid waste ranged from 18% at SIII to 5% at SII. Seasonally, the combustible material percentage of the municipal solid waste ranged from 89 % in spring to 88% in all other seasons. Analysis of variance showed insignificant variation in % of combustible and non-combustible material content across different seasons (F=0.0328, P=0.895) and significant across sites (F=3.76, P=0.003).

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Jul 30, 2021

Micronutrient deficiency is a common and widely spread problem that affects yield and quality of ... more Micronutrient deficiency is a common and widely spread problem that affects yield and quality of plant products. Zinc deficiency especially in fresh commodities enhances fruit deterioration during postharvest storage. This study was aimed at investigating effects of foliar applications of Zinc-based fertilizer on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and development, as well as fruit behaviour during storage. Four different concentrations of Zinc-based fertilizer were applied on tomato plants (0ml/l, 5ml/l, 10ml/l and 15ml/l). Zinc-based fertilizer applications started fourteen days after transplanting and continued weekly till harvest. A completely randomized block design with four treatments and six replications was used for the experiment. Parameters for plant growth and development, fruit quality and storability were determined. Results showed that Zinc-based fertilizer significantly influence most growth parameters at (p < 0.05). Zinc-based fertilizer has a significant effect on development parameters. There was no significant difference among treatments for fruit diameter (p < 0.05). Most storability parameters, except for PWL at 5th and 8th, Firmness and TSSC, showed a significant difference among treatments at (p < 0.05). The dose of 15ml/l was the most efficacious on many parameters evaluated.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, 2021

Magnetic water treatment and hydroponics system, as two distinct technologies, has shown remarkab... more Magnetic water treatment and hydroponics system, as two distinct technologies, has shown remarkable results in enhancing crop growth and yield. The combination had somehow shown promising results; however, literature is still limited. This study determined the growth and yield performance of pechay as influenced by magnetic water treatment in a hydroponics system. Magnetization was done using a varying number of permanent magnets. Based on the result, a positive effect was observed for all the parameters considered. Notably, an increase of 24.7% in height, 30% in the number of leaves, 18.56% in leaf length, 47.93% in leaf area, 46.50% in root length, and 34.97% in fresh weight against the control. The results suggest that the application of magnetic fields on the nutrient solution in hydroponics systems could further enhance crop production and could be applied for practical use.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Mar 30, 2021

Amino acids have become a crucial part of feed for better growth and yield of Solanaceous vegetab... more Amino acids have become a crucial part of feed for better growth and yield of Solanaceous vegetables. Economically accessible Amino acid stimulants can enhance the fertilizer absorption and maximize the uptake of water and nutrients. The experimental trial was carried out to find the impact of foliar feeding of Ezabian and Imino-x on flourishment and production of green chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.). Experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Moreover, seven treatments and four replications will be considered. Each treatment will contain ten plants. Vegetative, reproductive and biochemical parameters of chilli Wonder Hot, variety will be observed for data collection. Results revealed that Maximum plant height (63.5cm), highest fruit weight (5.39g), highest TSS value (11.51 Brix°) and highest pH value (5.68) was observed in T6 while T6 had maximum number of branches (28), highest value of fruit length (12.49cm), maximum fruit yield/plant (1113g), maximum fruit yield/ hectare (51.15tons), highest fresh root weight is 8.18, highest dry root weight 5.88, highest fresh shoot weight 77.7, highest dry shoot weight 33.57, highest value of 100 seeds weight (0.325g), and maximum chlorophyll concentration (75.68). However, highest concentration of Titratable acidity (0.3593g/L), maximum value of electrical conductivity (3.98S/m) highest value of fruit firmness (7.1 lb) as compared to other treatments Hence, it was concluded that foliar application of Ezabian and Imino-x @ Ezabian20mL+Imino-x20mL per liter of water increased yield characters up to maximum and this dose can be recommended to farmers to get more yield and profit.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, 2021

Lizards (Varanidae) are a group of bushmeat consumed and sold in most markets in West Africa and ... more Lizards (Varanidae) are a group of bushmeat consumed and sold in most markets in West Africa and is purchased in preference to domestic animals. The present study aims in general to characterize their uses. Therefore, 361 informants were surveyed in Benin, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. It appears that the species of monitor lizards met in Benin, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast are: Varanus exanthematicus and V. niloticus with a pdominanc of Varanus exanthematicus (P<0.001). The preparation forms of the meat reported are: boiling of the fresh meat, the smoking, the braising and the frying. The distribution of sauces and dishes prepared using monitor lizard (Varanus sp.) meat by country (Benin, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast) using Correspondence Factorial Analysis showed three groups (Benin, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast). The first axis explains 54.1% of the variations while the second axis explains 45.9% of the variations. Benin is characterized by the lizard meat sauces and dishes named kalalou sauce, sesame sauce, palm nut sauce, vegetable sauce, peanut seed sauce and grilled meat. The Ivory Coast is characterized by the okra sauce, Gnanagnan sauce, Kedjenou Sauce, tomato sauce, Gouagouasoup sauce, Biokosoe dish and palm nut sauce. The Burkina Faso is characterized by the smoked lizard meat sauce, a soup, Piapia yangoila sauce, Soumbala sauce, peanut sauce and sorrel sauce. The cash incomes from monitor lizard trade provide an important contribution that complements the diverse livelihood strategies within a household for food security in Benin, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Mar 23, 2021

Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) have a potential to boost maize (Zea mays) growth a... more Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) have a potential to boost maize (Zea mays) growth and increase the P and Zn uptake through the symbiotic association they form with the plant, even in acidic soils conditions. Five AMF inoculums produced from the most abundant and ubiquitous morphotypes isolated from field soils in maize fields in South Kivu (DRC) were assessed. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the role of these AMF on nutrients uptake in a Nitisol and a Ferralsol. Eight treatments namely inoculums named AMF1 (Gigaspora gigantea), AMF2 (Gigaspora sp.), AMF3 (Gigaspora margarita), AMF4 (Rhizophagus intraradices) AMF5 (Acaulospora reducta), mineral phosphorus fertilizers (Pi), commercial biofertilizer Rhizatech and a Control were laid in a randomized complete block design. In the Ferralsol, Pi application, Rhizatech and AMF2 produced the highest height. Pi application resulted in the best shoot biomass. No difference was observed for the P content, but for the Zn content, AMF2 was the highest. Roots colonization did not vary among treatments. In the Nitisol, AMF4 produced the highest plant height and AMF1 the highiest chlorophyll content. AMF4 and Rhizatech colonized highly the roots. AMF3 gave the highest P however, Zinc content was equal in all treatments and the controls yielded the lowest results. Spores densities in both inoculums produced and experimental soils were low compared to the commercial inoculum but growth and roots colonisation was influenced by fertilization and soils types. The performance of efficient AMF inoculums of Gipaspora gigantea, Gigaspora sp., Rhizophagus intraradices and Acaulospora reducta applied with high densities spores and multispecies inoculums should be assessed.

International Network For Natural Sciences, 2021

On-farm research was conducted at the Gouripur upazila under Mymensingh district of Bangladesh du... more On-farm research was conducted at the Gouripur upazila under Mymensingh district of Bangladesh during boro (mid November-June) season in 2013-14 and 2014-15 to evaluate the performance of unpuddled rice cultivation with crop residue retention. The rice var. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted by two tillage practices viz., puddled conventional tillage (CT) and non-puddled strip tillage (ST), and two levels of crop residues viz., "no" residue (R0) and 50% residue (R50). The experiment was devised in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed no significant yield differences between tillage practices and residue levels in 2013-14. But in the following year, ST yielded higher grains (5.72t ha-1), which was about 9.36% higher compared to CT. The higher grain yield in ST leading to 22.23% higher BCR than CT. Retention of 50% residue increased yield by 3.15% over no-residue, contributing to 10.58% higher BCR. The ST combined 50% residue produced the highest grain yield (5.81 t ha-1), which was credited to obtain the highest BCR (1.06).

International Network For Natural Sciences, Feb 28, 2021

The effect of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on growth, nutrient uptake and root infectivity wa... more The effect of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on growth, nutrient uptake and root infectivity was determined in Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri) seedlings raised under four phosphorus regimes in sand culture and also in sand/nitrosol sterile and unsterile conditions. Inoculation with AM fungi increased the plant height, leaf number and stem girth in relation to un-inoculated seedlings grown under equivalent P concentrations. An increase in plant height, leaf number and stem girth also occurred in both inoculated sterile and un-sterile sand/nitrosol media in relation to un-inoculated sterile and unsterile media. Arbuscular mycorrhiza also increased the leaf area and the root, leaf and stem fresh and dry weights and also caused an increase in the uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the leaf tissues. It also favoured mycorrhizal infectivity of roots and increased the root absorptive surface area. This study indicates that AM fungi improves the capacity of tropical fruit to absorb and utilize plant nutrients possibly by increasing the effective root surface area from which available form of nutrients are absorbed and also by increasing access of roots by bridging the depletion zones. Inoculating seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi helps to alleviate the adverse effects of global warming and climate change. As a low cost technology, arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation is recommended as part of the regular practise for incorporating into nursery media used for tropical fruit seedling propagation.

International Network For Natural Sciences , Jan 30, 2021

In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lipp... more In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lippia multiflora, Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus were evaluated on the improvement of cowpea (Vinia unguiculata) in Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments repeated 4 times each: the negative control, the positive control (Decis), L. multiflora, P. glandulosus and C. rigidus. These different insecticides were sprayed on cowpea plants with 14 days interval starting from the 14 th day after sowing. The parameters collected were the diversity of insect pests, the number of pods, and the dry weight of the grains. All of the insecticides used improved cowpea yields. Although less efficient than Decis, most biopesticides significantly (p < 0.001) improved the yield of cowpeas compared to the negative control. This improvement was 260% for C. rigidus, and 120% for P. glandulosus. These results suggest that C. rigidus, P. glandulosus and L. multiflora could be considered as potential substitutes for chemical insecticides in improving cowpea yields.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB , Jan 30, 2021

The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as w... more The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as well as in processed form. Its botanical name is Solanum lycopersicon Mill. The proposed study had been conducted in the year 2017-2018 in order to find the best combination of water soluble NPK fertilizers as compared to control. Five different types of water soluble fertilizers were collected from different sources and were applied at 5% concentration during the entire growing period of the tomato crop. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications of each. Different vegetative, reproductive and biochemical parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The treatments were compared using LSD test. It was concluded that different NPK water soluble fertilizers showed variation in physical and bio chemical parameters in tomato plants as compared to control. The plants showed variation in plant height, No. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per hectare, Individual fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, No. of diseased fruit per plant, date of first harvest, Fruit color Fruit length (cm), fruit size (cm), fruit firmness, total NPK contents, vitamincmg Chlorophyll concentration, pH, (TSS), Electricity conductivity (EC) and Titratable acidity Among all the water soluble treatments, the T3 treatment (WSF 20:20:20) yielded the comparatively better results as compared to other WSF treatments. So it was concluded that T3 was the recommended water soluble fertilizer for tomato.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Oct 24, 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Thymus vulg... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Thymus vulgaris on growth performance, morphometric, carcass, and blood parameters in local Kabir rooster. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (10 chicks per treatment). One group (T0) received a basal diet, two others received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (T5) and 1% (T10) of thyme while the fourth (TOxy) received Oxykel 80 WP. Feed intake was calculated, body weight and morphometric traits were recorded. Hematological analyses and the carcass parameters were evaluated. Feed supplemented gradual level of thyme resulted in a significant improvement in the overall performance parameters compared to the control. Roosters fed 1% thyme displayed a better feed conversion ratio than others (P<0.05). They showed the highest body weight gain, carcass weight, and heart relative weight compared to the values obtained in birds fed the basal diet. A significant decrease of spleen and gizzard relative weights was recorded in chicken fed on thyme. Except for the wing length, the chest circumference, and thigh diameter, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the body measurement characteristics (P<0.05). But the gain values of neck length, chest circumference, and tarsus length were significantly increased in chicken fed thyme supplemented diets (P<0.05). Roosters fed on thyme also had higher (P<0.05) red and white blood cells, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. It could be concluded that thyme could be included in local chicken diets to promote their growth performance, improve their carcass characteristics and health status.

INNSpub, 2024

Poultry is a vital branch area of the agricultural economy and has traditionally been one of the ... more Poultry is a vital branch area of the agricultural economy and has traditionally been one of the most profitable businesses, providing nutritious meats and eggs for human consumption within the shortest possible time. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the different levels of Sun-Dried Sargassum (Sargassum sp.) meal as a feed supplement for broilers to determine the best treatment of dried sargassum meal (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) that could substitute commercial feeds from February 08, 2022, to April 04, 2022, at Barangay Carisquis, Luna, La Union. Results of the study disclosed that the average daily feed consumption and dressing percentage of birds were not significantly influenced by the different levels of sub-dried sargassum meal as a feed supplement. However, a significant result was noted on the final weight, gain weight of birds, feed conversion ratio, liver weight, gizzard weight and profit above, medicine, and stock cost of birds.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, 2024

Mount Katayagan, the tallest peak in the Agoo Mountain Range of the Province of La Union, Philipp... more Mount Katayagan, the tallest peak in the Agoo Mountain Range of the Province of La Union, Philippines, is a crucial yet understudied natural resource. This research addresses the biodiversity gap in non-protected areas like Mt. Katayagan, emphasizing its role as a watershed, supplying water for irrigation and households, and providing essential commodities such as fruits and timbers. Despite its ecological and economic significance, there is a lack of research on Mt. Katayagan’s biodiversity. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive flora assessment, identifying land cover types, forest formation, stand maturity and dominant upper canopy species. Using the “Terrestrial Ecosystem Biodiversity and Assessment Monitoring Manual,” the research reveals Mt. Katayagan’s predominantly closed forest with characteristics of a secondary-growth tropical moist deciduous forest. Pterocarpus indicus (narra) emerges as the dominant upper canopy species with an Importance Value of 20.85 percent. This research provides essential baseline data for environmental protection laws and emphasizes the urgent need for collaborative conservation efforts involving local communities, government bodies, and research institutions to safeguard Mt. Katayagan’s unique biodiversity.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 6, 2023

In order to evaluate the effects of insecticides residues in soil substrates on the biology cycle... more In order to evaluate the effects of insecticides residues in soil substrates on the biology cycle of Aedes aegypti, we conducted a study in three ecological zones: urban areas (Dandji, southern Benin with few agriculture activities), peri urban areas (Awaya, central of Benin with agriculture practices), and forests (Kaoura, northern Benin with few agriculture activities). These areas were chosen because they provided an ideal environment for the development of Aedes aegypti. The purpose of this study is to look for insecticide residues that may have detrimental impacts on the biology cycle of A. aegypti. Indirect bioassays were used to investigate the factors affecting mosquito larvae’s ability to develop normally at breeding sites, their rate of growth, and their ability to produce an adequate number of larvae. Due to the absence of an HPLC equipment for the direct detection of pesticide residues in samples, A. aegypti larvae at breeding sites were reconstituted using water and soil samples obtained at each study site. A comparison of the larval growth in test breeding locations was made using the reference strain SBE as a control. The different bioassays demonstrate the existence of inhibitory elements on test materials. In control samples, larval development was observed to be normal. However, when the breeding sites were established with just a few grams of soil samples from the three study sites, it was found that the A. aegypti eggs had a poor hatching rate, along with sluggish larval development and a low production of adult mosquitoes from hatched eggs. The findings of this study indicate that toxic substances that prevent A. aegypti eggs from hatching and larvae from growing are most likely leftover pesticides from agricultural operations. In order to quantify the toxic factors likely to affect the biology parameters of A. aegypti cited above, these results must be validated using HPLC techniques.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 6, 2023

Nine hundred juveniles of Archachatina marginata aged about two weeks, with an average live weigh... more Nine hundred juveniles of Archachatina marginata aged about two weeks, with an average live weight of 2.25 g with an average shell length of 20.12mm were monitored in culture for six (6) months on five types of substrates [S1 (soil collected in a cassava plantation: Manihot sp.), S2 (S1 with 10% oyster shell meal), S3 (S1 with 10% sawdust), S4 (S1 with 5% oyster shell meal and 5% sawdust) and S5 (uncultivated forest soil). Four diets including two industrial (D1 and D 2 of 12% and 16% calcium respectively) and two based on fodder (D3 and D4 based on leaves and fruit of the papaya (Carica papaya) on the one hand and a mixture of papaya leaves and taro (Xanthosoma maffafa) on the other hand, were used. In order to determine the best combinations inducing the best growth performance, 20 combinations were formed at the rate of 45 spat for each combination; three replicas of 15 spat each. This study showed that the combination of diet and livestock substrate influences the growth of Archachatina marginata. Although the best feed is D1 (74.68 g and 7.94cm) and the best substrate is S2 (77.12 g and 7.79cm), the best combinations are D2S3 (69.37 g and 7.47cm), D1S4 (74.68 g and 7.94cm and D4S2 (77.12 g and 7.79cm). The combined effect of the high level of dietary calcium and that of the culture substrate does not promote good growth of snails. This work will help improve the production of African giant snails and provide important data for anyone wishing to engage in the breeding of these animals.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Feb 10, 2022

Amylases are starch hydrolyzing enzymes important in normal daily life and industry. There are di... more Amylases are starch hydrolyzing enzymes important in normal daily life and industry. There are different sources of amylase production however, enzymes derived from microorganisms are cheaper and thermos table among other features. The aim of this work was to isolate amylase producing bacteria from soil contaminated with cassava water effluents and to find out environmental/ optimization of amylase production. Soil samples were collected from four different sites. A total of 50 bacterial were isolated form soil samples, 14 showed area of clear zones on starch medium. Isolates that gave maximum yield of amylase were identified molecularly. The isolates were optimized for carbon sources, pH, nitrogen sources, incubation time, agro waste and chlorides. Biochemical and molecular analysis showed that Citrobacter sp and Enterobacter cloaca showed higher amylase activity. Glucose, nitrate, pH 7.0, magnesium chloride and temperature of 25 o C produced maximum amylase. Plantain peel was the agro water that produced more amylase enzyme.

International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 12, 2022

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is the rate at which biomass accumulate per unit area per time, mi... more Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is the rate at which biomass accumulate per unit area per time, minus amount of organic materials used for autotrophic respiration. This study aimed at determines the influence of edaphic fertility on herbaceous NPP. Soil samples were collected using soil auger at 0-15cm depth, and chemical parameters were analysed using standard methods. NPP was determined in 400 (1m x 1m) randomly selected quadrats, by clipping aboveground biomass of central 20cmx20cm quadrats and digging 40cm depth for collecting belowground biomass using hands and forceps. Fresh biomasses were oven dried at 65 0 C for 2days. Soil chemical properties were statistically significantly (P<0.05) higher in Site A, with pH (7.31±1.57), N (0.16±0.05%), P (12.33±0.93), Na (0.13±0.10), Mg (0.85±0.21), Ca (6.33±0.31), CEC (7.35±0.61), OC and OM had 0.45±0.02% and 0.77±0.01% respectively, but highest value of K (0.17±0.01) was recorded in Site D. ANPP shows a gradual increase from 15.00±2.5gm-2 /month in June to 154.03±11.23gm-2 /month in September, while BNPP ranges from 7.34±1.22gm-2 /month in June to 62.81±6.39gm-2 /month in October and the results was significant between the months (p<0.05). Between the Sites NPP varies significantly (P= 0.0198) and increase in the following trends; C<D<B<A with 138.8±10.01gm-2 /month), 142.73±13.55gm-2 /month, 148.5±8.51gm-2 /month, 189.54±14.67gm-2 /month respectively while BNPP was not statistically significant between the study Sites (P= 0.282). NPP is higher in edaphic fertile and neutral to slightly basic soil (pH= 7.31±1.57) than strongly acidic or basic soil. Further research on NPP of the most dominant species and the effect of climatic variables on NPP should be conducted.

International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 12, 2022

Nutrient pollution significantly threatens ecosystem health globally and is aggravated by anthrop... more Nutrient pollution significantly threatens ecosystem health globally and is aggravated by anthropogenic activities. In this case, algae grow faster than the ecosystem can handle. Apart from other reported effects, some algae blooms are toxic and produce toxins, leading to the deterioration of ecosystem health. These blooms are becoming prevalent, hence the possibility of increased diseases to the entire ecosystem and unsustainability. In many parts of the world, nutrient contamination poses a significant hazard to human health and the ecosystem. Effects of excessive nutrients in the environment include excessive growth of algae. Apart from the difficulties of handling excess nitrogen in the air that make it difficult to breathe, reduce visibility, affect plant growth, a recently reported altering the gut microbiome of a territorial reef fish. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) contamination in the Sub-Saharan African environment in various matrices including water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediments and surface waters to inform policy. In this case, this study investigates the status of nutrient pollution in Sub Saharan Africa, the potential source of nutrient pollution, the reported effects of nutrient pollution; How to overcome nutrient pollution in the environment. Among the measures recommended for nutrient, pollution management includes decreased use of fertilizers and pesticides or organic farming and considerations during the choice of detergents, soaps and household cleaners to nutrient-free products for environmental conservation.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 12, 2022

Understanding land use/cover changes is one of the key issues in addressing environmental sustain... more Understanding land use/cover changes is one of the key issues in addressing environmental sustainability. This study used time-series satellite images to classify land use/cover changes in three wards in Simanjiro district. Further, random sampling techniques were used to interview communities on the knowledge and impacts of land use changes. The findings show expansion in agricultural land and barren lands by 72.5% and 51.8%, respectively. The results further show that woodland, shrubland grassland decreas ed by 62.86% and 34.99%, respectively. The major drivers for the observed changes are population increased and which results from immigration, creating high pressure on land resources over the study area, resulting in loss of grazing land and water resources for livestock and domestic use. Other drivers are inadequate land use plans and land trading. The total blockage of the grazing routes due to the expansion of agricultural land may spark conflict between farmers and pastoral groups. Initiatives taken by the pastoral communities include migration to wetland areas, pasture restoration, buying hay, destocking, and keeping resistant breeds. However, the need for modern livestock keeping with small productive herds is proposed in this study. The findings of this study are useful in advancing the strategies towards maintaining a balance between environmental conservation and resource utilization.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 12, 2022

The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of four varieties of glutinous corn during... more The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of four varieties of glutinous corn during wet season in the province of Cagayan, in terms of agronomic and economic characteristics. Specifically, it aimed to find out the best suited corn variety under CSU Lal-lo condition during wet season in terms of: (a) plant height (cm); (b) length of corn ear (cm); (c) rows per ear; (d) ear diameter; (e) weight of 1000 kernels dried and fresh (g); (f) yield per plot (kg) and cost and return analysis. The treatments were: T1 (Lagkitan), T2 (Nutri Lyt), T3 (Batik) and T4 (Purple gem). These were randomly allocated in the different plots following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The result of the study did not show significant difference in terms of plant height (cm) at 30 days, plant height (cm) at 60 days, length (cm) of corn ear, weight (g) of 1000 dried kernels, weight (g) of 1000 fresh kernels and yield (kg) per plot. However, it showed significant difference in terms of number of row per ear and ear diameter. Results further shows that purple gem produced the highest number of rows per ear and widest ear diameter. In terms of ROI, all the treatments showed positive ROI but the highest was gained by Treatment 4 (purple gem) with 297. 29%.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES, Jan 12, 2022

The Accelerated rate of soil erosion is a severe and continuous endemic environmental problem of ... more The Accelerated rate of soil erosion is a severe and continuous endemic environmental problem of the farmers in Barangay Adtuyon. The present study of soil erosion is carried out in the upper stream of Muleta watershed of Pangantucan, Bukidnon locally called Bong-bong sub-watershed. It is fact that the surface runoff of seasonal rainfall is intense in this area due to its sloping terrain characteristics. Average annual soil erosion has been estimated based on the five parameters defined in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and with the help of Geographical Information Technology. Overlay of five parameters, rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and steepness factor (LS), cover and management factor (C) and support and conservation’s practices factor (P) has been done in GIS platform. Predicted average annual soil erosion of the sub-watershed has been classified using three land uses of the of the study site. The resulting simulated maps by RUSLE was derived indicating spatial variability of soil erosion within the perimeter of each study site. The soil erosion in Bong-bong sub-watershed based on simulated findings of the RUSLE model ranges from 0-400 ton/year. This indicates that the area is prone to soil erosion as contributed by the five erosion factors identified by RUSLE model. A spatial map was generated presenting the erosion in the whole sub-watershed. Statistical analysis showed very good model results acquiring <.50 RSR value comparing the field erosion measurements to the RUSLE-GIS simulated results.

INNSpub Research Journal Publisher, Jan 12, 2022

A study was conducted at six important markets of Kokrajhar, Assam in northeastern India, which a... more A study was conducted at six important markets of Kokrajhar, Assam in northeastern India, which are mostly run by local ethnic tribes and rich in wild phyto-resources of various ethno-botanical importances. The study was conducted during 2017-2018 to find out the important edible phyto-resources which are consumed daily by the local people of Kokrajhar. Regular surveys were conducted at the selected markets at least three times a month. A total of 90 species of traditional and wild edible plants belonging to 81 genera and 52 families have been recorded. The study provides information on their botanical name, family, vernacular name, frequency, habit, biological status, plant parts used, mode of use and also the rate of the plant resources observed. These wild phyto-resources are mainly collected from Charaikhola Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent areas. Many wild phyto-resources are found to have immense potential as NTFP. Therefore, it is suggested that the high diversity of wild edible phyto-resources needs to be conserved for livelihood sustenance of the local communities and further studies are required for the management of wild forest resources to be exploited continuously by the local people.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 1, 2022

Urbanization is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world to accommodate the increasing human ... more Urbanization is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world to accommodate the increasing human population but it is having a drastic effect on native flora and fauna. The present study was carried out across a three stage urbanization gradient in and around the city of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. Observations were made from September 2019 to February 2021 at the selected three sites during COVID 19 pandemic. Point count method was used for bird surveys and Sound pressure (Noise) measurements were made across the three selected sites. The Avian diversity was measured by total species richness, Fisher's alpha diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Urban centre recorded the highest sound pressure and lowest Avian species richness but as we moved away from the urban centre the noise levels reduced and the avain species richness increased towards the rural areas. This is mainly due to many avian species avoiding urban areas because of increasing noise levels. We also found that the urban bird community is dominated by a few species whereas the rural bird community was much more diverse.

International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSpub), Aug 10, 2022

Tuguegarao City, a lone city in Cagayan province, is situated in a low-lying area and is frequent... more Tuguegarao City, a lone city in Cagayan province, is situated in a low-lying area and is frequently flooded during rainy seasons and typhoons. The three core shelters erected in the city are home to 250 indigent families who were beneficiaries of the housing program through the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). This research delved into profiling the core shelters in the barangays of Cataggaman Pardo, Annafunan East, and Namabbalan as to their general characteristics and environmental conditions. The findings reveal that while the core shelters are generally livable, there are areas of concern that need to be immediately addressed to improve the living experiences of its residents and can be a basis in planning for the possible construction of core shelters in the near future. The areas of concern are poor drainage system, inaccessibility to the main roads, transportation and health establishments, unpaved roads, overcrowding, and poor structural conditions of the housing units. It is recommended that a rapid assessment of the houses in the core shelters be conducted by the local government units spearheaded by the core shelter officials. An evaluation of the health and wellness condition of its dwellers must likewise commence.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, May 30, 2021

This study was conducted to assess and optimize the conveyance performance of major irrigation sy... more This study was conducted to assess and optimize the conveyance performance of major irrigation systems in the case of the NIA-Magat River Integrated Irrigation System in the Philippines. Options Analysis in Irrigation System (OASIS) was used to evaluate and optimize the conveyance efficiency of the system. Management and modernization scenarios were undertaken in the irrigation system assuming that the rehabilitation projects exerted efforts on improving efficiencies and reduced losses in the conveyance and distribution systems. Based on the results, the actual condition of the irrigation system as the reference of improvement will have 1,365,759 million cubic meters diversion supply from MARIIS and Baligatan diversion dams. Having been improved from 76% of conveyance efficiency to 95% assumed result of the improvement measures, approximately 84,303 million cubic meters or 6% increase from the actual diversion requirement can be realized. With every 1% increase in conveyance efficiency, there will be approximately 33,831 cubic meters savings in irrigation diversion requirements. This could be achieved through canal repairs of damaged structures, the lining of earth canals, and modernization of control structures. The OASIS program has shown its ability to assess the effects of irrigation management and modernization in a large irrigation system that can serve as a science-based planning and decision-making support program. It may also be used to study the management and optimization of irrigation in other irrigation systems in the country and elsewhere in the world.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Apr 30, 2021

The structural composition of zooplankton of two lakes (Ossa and Mwembe) of the Ossa complex, a U... more The structural composition of zooplankton of two lakes (Ossa and Mwembe) of the Ossa complex, a UNESCO' protected site located in Dizangue, Cameroon, was studied. Monthly sampling was conducted from September 2009 to February 2010. The physicochemical characteristics of the water lakes, the characteristics of the area around the lakes were documented and their influence on zooplankton communities assessed. The two lakes were closes in accord to their physicochemical characteristics: temperature (27.70±0.87°C and 28.85±0.66°C), pH (6.57±0.06 and 6.52±0.07), Suspended Solids (7.00±2.39mg.L-1 and 10.66±3.12mg.L-1), electric conductivity (28.91±5.25µS.cm-1 and 28.18±7.33µS.cm-1). In fact, no significant difference was found, compare to each other. Thirty seven and 41 species of zooplankton were recorded in the Ossa and Mwembe lakes respectively. The seasonal variation appeared to be the fundamental factor that regulates the presence and abundance of these species in the lakes. Lecane sp., Polyarthra vulgaris, Epiphanes clavulata, Lepadella sp., Brachionus dimidiatus and Plationus patulus were mostly abundant during the dry season whereas Bosminopsis macaguensis, Bosminopsis deitersi, Keratella tecta, Hexarthra mira and Lecane bulla were abundant during the rainy season. When taking into consideration the contents of phosphorus and Secchi disc disappearance, these lakes were found to be eutrophic. In addition, the Sanaga River brings sporadic zooplankton species such as Scaphaloberis kingi and Streblocerus sp., contributing to the accumulation of crustacean eggs on the river banks during floods, and therefore to increase the density of organisms. In conclusion, the effluents from SAFACAM Company increase some physicochemical parameters values such as, electric conductivity, dissolved carbon dioxide and pH.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Apr 30, 2021

This study aimed to determine the species composition of the benthic macroalgae in relation to th... more This study aimed to determine the species composition of the benthic macroalgae in relation to the environmental parameters in one of the coastal areas in Surigao City, Philippines. It is conducted along the coasts of Barangay Day-asan with established three stations. The macroalgae species were observed and collected using line transect method. The water quality parameters were obtained in situ using water quality apparatus and the species composition were determined through diversity indices such as Shannon H, dominance and evenness and abundance. There were six (6) species observed in the study site. Sargassum polycystum is the most abundant and is present in three stations. As to diversity indices, the benthic macroalgae has a moderate category in terms of Shannon H, low dominance and almost a uniform distribution of species in all three stations. The coastal water parameters of Barangay Day-asan passed the DAO standards and still within the limits and ranges based on the diversity indices of Shannon H, dominance and evenness. Depth has a strong correlation to Codium fragile and pH to Amphiroa fragillissima and Halimeda opuntia. As indicated by the diversity indices of the benthic macroalgae species composition, the coastal water of Barangay Day-asan has still a suitable environmental condition for their growth. Hence, it is recommended to have strong information, education and communication environmental campaign and policies for locals and tourists as ecotourism starts to kick off in the locality to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the natural environment with benthic macroalgae as good bioindicators.

International Network For Natural Sciences, 2021

The influence of four constant temperatures: 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and three germination media: ... more The influence of four constant temperatures: 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and three germination media: 1% water agar, heat sterilized river sand and seed testing paper (STP) on the germination of decoated seeds of Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels. were investigated. The germination media were placed in 90 mm diameter plastic Petri dishes with seventy five decoated seeds in 3 replicates of 25 seeds. The statistical design used in the investigation was a completely randomized design in a 3 x 4 factorial (germination media × incubation temperatures). Decoated seeds of T. superba germinated at all the four temperatures investigated. The optimum temperatures were determined as 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. All the three media can be considered ideal for the reason that these temperatures interacted with the germination media to record germination percentages ranging from 73 to 89% in the study. Mean germination time (MGT) was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter when agar was used as germination media compared to when germination was carried out on STP and soil. The shapes of germination curves describing the cumulative germination of decoated seeds of T. superba at all temperatures and on all the germination media investigated are S-shaped.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Mar 30, 2021

The current study was aimed to assess practices, roles and challenges of peri-urban agriculture i... more The current study was aimed to assess practices, roles and challenges of peri-urban agriculture in Rabat Metropolis. Through purposive and stratified random sampling methods 50 respondents were selected. To achieve the objectives of this study both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis were used. Data collection from farmers was based on field observation, interviews and field surveys. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, Chi-square test, tests of normality and homogeneity of variances and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were used. According to the major findings of the study, the major types of periurban farming practices in the study area includes: horticulture or production of fruits and vegetables, crop farming and some livestock rearing such as beef farming, sheep farming and poultry farming. The survey result reveals that there are various significances of PUA in the study area: it contributes to the economic development of the metropolis as it generates income for farmers, creates employment, c ontributes to food supply and enhances economic use of land and environmental beatification of the city. In the Metropolis of Rabat, PUA faces several constraints: legal constraints mainly the absence of laws regulating this activity and the obligation of some farmers in the peri-urban area to pay housing taxes. It is also subject to many technical constraints such as insufficient workforce and high labor costs, difficult access to irrigation water, lack of training and technical supervision and support from the concerned body. Finally, recommendations and suggestions have been forwarded based on the findings of the study.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB , Mar 30, 2021

Most of multi-use species are declining in the wide habitat in spite of the variety of the conser... more Most of multi-use species are declining in the wide habitat in spite of the variety of the conservation recommendations formulated by researchers. This may be due to the fact that a large part of researches focused on their socio-economic importance than the conservation of those species. Pentadesma butyracea is a multi-uses tree species that occurs from Sierra Leone to Gabon in dense Guineo-Congo rainforest and in gallery forests in the Dahomey-Gap of the dry corridor. This work used 56 studies to synthetize the importance of Pentadesma butyracea, enumerate the main threats to species persistence and test if probability of suggesting conservation strategies varied according to main fields of research, the conservation focus and the statement of conservation aim in the study. Our synthesis showed that although 68.75% asked conservation questions, only 43.75% suggested strategies for conservation of Pentadesma butyracea species and/or its habitat, gallery forests. We found 11 combinations of disturbances and 3 isolated disturbances which can simultaneously occur in the wild. We recommended for Pentadesma butyracea and it habitat effective conservation to limit gallery forest width reduction and fragmentation, to enforce the law regarding the minimum distance between farmer field and the gallery forest. Studies on multi-uses trees species must explicitly involve the viability of remnant populations and set the threshold viable habitat size. We also recommend to disentangle drivers of Pentadesma butyracea populations decline using update and accurate mathematical and statistical tools.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Mar 30, 2021

Aquaculture practices always strive for the betterment of human lives and for providing cheaper r... more Aquaculture practices always strive for the betterment of human lives and for providing cheaper resources for fish production. As fish is the most common food source all over the world, its sustainable production is very important. The use of herbs provides a cheaper way towards the progress of aquaculture. Herbs are used in place of expensive chemicals and growth enhancers. Like others, cinnamon is also a good alternate for growth chemicals. Cinnamon is an aggregate of many related species with different names depending on the environmental conditions of different landmasses. Cinnamon contains many compounds and chemicals which are important for fish growth. Cinnamon when added to fish feed makes the fish fight against stress and grow healthy than before. Cinnamaldehydes, polyphenols, carbohydrates, flavonoids, etc., boost up the immune system of fish and act as an important antioxidant and antibiotic species. It fastens the growth rate of fish and enhances the other growth and blood parameters as compared to other aquaculture systems using chemicals. Moreover, the use of cinnamon as a growth and immunity promotor is cheaper and environmentally friendly.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jul 10, 2023

Cereals-haricot bean intercropping is one of the commonly practiced agronomic practices in Ethiop... more Cereals-haricot bean intercropping is one of the commonly practiced agronomic practices in Ethiopia. Intercropping is the production of two or more crops simultaneously in both space and time. Field experiments were conducted at Wachemo University main campus experimental field site, from June to October during the years 2022 cropping seasons. The aim of the study was to determine optimum space of intercropping haricot bean into the camelina cropping system under field condition. The experiment was laid out in completely randomize block design with combination of four haricot bean varieties, Local, Nesser, Redwolita and Ibado from Hawassa agriculture center and the four types of spacing for camelina were mono cropping, 40, 60, and 80cm spacing was used as a factor. Soil physico chemical analysis indicated that there was variation before planting and crop harvest. Planting haricot bean simultaneously all among spacing and mono cropping, and camelina was intercropped with haricot bean in the mentioned spacing. Intercropping was assessed on the basis of the performance of the main and component crops indices as grain yield, biomass weight, partial and total LER and competitive indices such as relative crowding coefficient (K), aggressively (A). There was no interaction between camelina and haricot bean varieties planting and spacing intercropping haricot bean in any of the indices studied. The effects of intercropping practice had no significant effects on all the indices considered during the study. But better yield parameters like number of branches, number of pods per pod, number of seeds per pod grain yield, tended to be higher in the Ibado variety and Red wolyta with spacin of camelina 60 and 80 c respectively. The results obtained showed that the greatest intercrop yields of camelina and haricot bean were obtained when both crops were planted at mono. The total land equivalent ratio (LERt) values were not obtained from intercropping of planting of camelina and haricot bean. The results of competitive indices indicate that camelina was the dominant crop in the mixture as measured by the positive values of A. in general as camelina is new emerging crop in the study area and intercropping with legume plants increased yield so that to come with sounding conclusion and recommendation similat works with different agro ecology and years should be done.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNspub, Dec 4, 2022

Resin infiltration is one of the most advanced techniques used for the treatment of white spot le... more Resin infiltration is one of the most advanced techniques used for the treatment of white spot lesions of enamel. In this technique, infiltration is performed through the application of resin to smooth surfaces of demineralized enamel. The objectives of this systematic review focused on resin infiltration for the treatment of enamel discolorations and white spot lesions. Data were searched from January 2000 to October 2022 by using keywords resin infiltration, white spot lesions, and enamel discoloration from PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct/Scopus, BMC, and Nature platforms. After screening duplicates and careful evaluation, only seven articles were selected to explore resin infiltration to treat enamel discolorations and white spot lesions. Although; the application of resin showed high efficacy in treating dental enamel defects and actively growing enamel lesions. Resin infiltration also reduces the demineralization cycle. It has been concluded that resin infiltration is an emerging technology; however, clinical evidence and trials lack the role of resin infiltration, and there is an urgent need for large-scale studies with a larger sample size with regular follow-up that explores the role of resin infiltration in dental therapy.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 4, 2022

The research was conducted at Cagayan State University Lal-lo, Cagayan from April 2021 to June 20... more The research was conducted at Cagayan State University Lal-lo, Cagayan from April 2021 to June 2022, to morphologically characterize and identify the existing coffee types in the valena site. Descriptive statistical design was applied. Finding reveals that Robusta, Excelsa and Liberica coffee obtained significant differences in physical and morphological characteristics such as formation, height, roots, leaves, flowers and berries. Thus, Robusta coffee has shallow roots, thin, curly, elliptical shapes with wavy margins leaves, white with five petals flowers, berries borne in heavy clusters, small and roundish and had a thin pulp. Trees are umbrella-shaped and grows 4.5-5 meters. For Excelsa coffee, root is deep, leaves are wide, shiny and bronze-violet, thick but thinner, smoother and more rounded than Liberica, has large white flowers with 6-7 petals. Berries borne in heavy cluster, pulp and parchment are thicker than Liberica and trees reaches 3-4 meters. As to Liberica coffee, root is also deep, leaves are thicker than Excelsa, sideways, lanceolate shaped, white flowers with 6-7 petals, produced the biggest berries among the three coffee types, borne singly or in small clusters, dark red when ripe, pulp is thick, and parchment is woody and have a protruding nipple. Trees are upright, straight trunks and grows 9-10 meters. Moreover, morphological characterization and identification are important for determining the identity of the three coffee types which are already 50-60 years old. Furthermore, rejuvenation, economic valuation and observation of the different life stages are highly recommended to provide readily available data for future coffee studies.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 4, 2022

Effectiveness of Formic acid (T1), Thymol (T2) and Queen caging (T3) alone and Formic acid + quee... more Effectiveness of Formic acid (T1), Thymol (T2) and Queen caging (T3) alone and Formic acid + queen caging + thymol (T4), Formic acid + thymol (T5) in combination and Control (T6) was under Randomized Complete Design were investigated against honeybee ectoparasitic mite, Tropilaelaps clareae at Honeybee Research Institute (HBRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan in 2021. Formic acid (15 ml/colony), Thymol (4g/colony), Queen caging (21 days), Formic acid (10 ml/colony) + queen caging (14 days) + thymol (4 g/colony), Formic acid (10 ml/colony) + thymol (4 g/colony) were used in the honeybee, Apis mellifera colonies. Tropilaelaps clareae mites' infestation was recorded 24 hours before and after 7, 14, and 21 days in worker brood, with total dead fallen mites/hive on screened bottom board having white Formica sheet and Sidr honey production in kg per colony. Results of data analysis showed that all treatments performed well against Tropilaelaps clareae mites as compared to untreated control. Formic acid + queen caging + thymol (T4) used in combination was found the best in mean (98.29%) reducing Tropilaelaps clareae worker brood infestation, highest mean total dead fallen (410 mites/colony) and higher differed significantly Sidr (7.6 kg honey/colony) as compared to other treatments and control. Therefore, T4 was the most effective treatment in reducing the population of T. clareae mites. Formic acid + thymol (T5) in combination was found the second most effective treatment against T. clareae mites in this study.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, 2022

Mungbean is economically important crop as protein source substitute locally known as "Monggo". T... more Mungbean is economically important crop as protein source substitute locally known as "Monggo". This experimental investigation assessed the response of Mungbean, Vigna radiata and the soil characteristics applied with four (4) treatment with four replication such as T1-Control, T2-45-45-45kg NPK ha-1 , T3-20 t ha-1 chicken manure + 45kg P ha-1 , and T4 20 t ha-1 guano + 45kg P ha-1 in RCB design. Comparison of means revealed that all treatments do not give significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, weight of pods, weight of grains, weight of oven dried roots and shoots but only no of pods and nodulation were significant provided by ANOVA. The sufficient soil nutrient availability and high Phosphorous content provided by soil chemical analysis influences the growth and yield, dry matter and root nodules in control pots and at par performance results with the application of NPK, Chicken manure + P, and Guano + P. However soil property analysis after study duration revealed moderately alkaline pH,% 2.4-2.6% SOM, high to excessive P, and high K level indicative that soil condition improves with application of chicken and guano manure with Phosphorous addition compare to NPK + P. Furthermore, an increment of means on the number and weight of pods, weight of grains and dry matter of roots and shoots observed in the potted V. radiata L. supplemented with phosphorous rich organic fertilizer specifically chicken manure. Thus, Phosphorous supplementation increases growth and yield in leguminous V. radiata L. in this study.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 1, 2022

This study sought to investigate the relationship existing between laboratory facility availabili... more This study sought to investigate the relationship existing between laboratory facility availability and students' academic performance in Biology across Secondary School in Ethiope East L.G.A., of Delta State, Nigeria. In the course of this study, three research questions were developed and three null hypotheses were formulated. The study used was delimited to senior secondary schools two (SSII) because it is at this stage students are being exposed to practical activities that require the usage of laboratory facilities and equipment. A descriptive survey design was used while the sample of the study was made up of one hundred and three (103) respondents. The study employed a questionnaire as an instrument to gather data. The data collected was analysis Chi-square and t-test statistics. The results revealed a significant difference in academic performance of students having fairly adequate laboratory facilities in their school compared to those with in school having inadequate laboratory facilities for biology practical. Difference was also recorded in terms of the performance of male and female students in biology. No significant difference was obtained in the supplies of biology laboratory facilities in private schools and those in public schools. It was suggested that science/biology laboratory facilities should be provided to biology teachers to enable them to know how to handle the facilities.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 7, 2022

This preliminary research used long microfiber from water chesnut (Eleocharis dulcis) which is a ... more This preliminary research used long microfiber from water chesnut (Eleocharis dulcis) which is a weed plant in South Kalimantan, as a composite reinforcement material. This study aimed to study the effect of 6% NaOH alkalizing treatment and ultra-sonication on the properties of a long microfiber of water chesnut, especially for their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Firstly, the fiber of water chesnut was alkalizing by NaOH. This 6% NaOH treatment has reduced the moisture content of the fibers and their chemical components (lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) while the density and tensile strength of the fibers were increased. The process continued by bleaching and ultra-sonication the fiber to create a long microfiber. The water content of fibers after alkalizing treatment and ultra-sonication has met the SNI standard. Alkalizing treatment reduced the fiber size by 373.05 µm, and in the form of microfiber, before ultra-sonication was 4.28-5.96 µm and after ultra-sonication was 3.17-4.00 µm. The tensile strength of long microfiber could not measure but after alkalized, it increased significantly, from 354.25 to 3,282.10 MPa. Therefore, it is recommended that this long water chesnut microfiber is very good when used as a reinforcing material in the manufacture of composites because it will blend better with the matrix.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 1, 2022

The composition and distribution of the fish community in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the ... more The composition and distribution of the fish community in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the Niamone-Kalounayes was studied using monthly experimental fisheries from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 45 fish species from 22 families were captured in the MPA. September dominates the population in abundance (27.51%) and biomass (23.55%) while the specific richness is more important in December (27 species), September (26 species), July, October and February (25 species each) and in the confluence of the Tobor bolong (34 species). Cichlidae and Mugilidae dominate the community with 86.92% of the total abundance for a biomass of 65.64%. The ecological categories are largely dominated by species with a strong estuarine affinity. They represent about 98% of the total abundance and 97.79% of the total biomass. Herbivores (mainly predating phytoplankton or microphytophage) are the most represented in this study. Juveniles represented 70% of the captured individuals. Canonical Analysis of Correspondence of abiotic parameters showed that temperature and salinity might influence the distribution of fish assemblages in the MPA of Niamone-Kalounayes.

International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 1, 2022

Shigella spp. is strict human pathogens that cause shigellosis (bloody diarrhea) and are linked t... more Shigella spp. is strict human pathogens that cause shigellosis (bloody diarrhea) and are linked to a significant amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Shigella sonnei causes 90% of shigellosis cases and most of them became resistant to traditional antibiotics. The bacterial genome has been discovered, but there are some proteins whose function is not known. This in silico study was conducted to characterize the hypothetical protein RUK71877.1 of S. sonnei. Different bioinformatics web tools were utilized such as BLASTp, ProtParam, CELLO, Jalview etc. to determine the likely function of the hypothetical sequences by searching Sequence Databases for orthologous enzymatic conserved domains. Molecular modeling, energy minimization and docking analysis was evaluated to further validate our findings. In the study our target hypothetical protein RUK71877.1 showed highly similarity with IrmA Family protein. The protein is found to be outer-membrane and has an important role in Shigella sonnei pathogenicity. In NCBI-CD search the target protein was found to have functioned as interleukin receptor mimic protein A which also showed higher affinity with IL-4R in docking analysis. In silico drug development for the treatment of Shigellosis may use these newly predicted hypothetical proteins as potential drug targets in the future. It can also be utilized as target protein in vaccine construction. Our thorough investigation will contribute to identifying a vast range of therapeutic targets and a better knowledge of how to build unique possible treatment strategies to combat the Shigella infection.

International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Dec 1, 2022

Silk, being the "queen of textiles", passes through various procedures to ensure its quality. Pre... more Silk, being the "queen of textiles", passes through various procedures to ensure its quality. Pre-treatment is the process of soaking raw silk in a solution consisting of soap, oil, and water. Its primary purpose is to smoothen and elasticize the raw silk to expedite throwing operations. This paper aimed to modify the soaking solution for raw silk being used at DMMMSU-Sericulture Research and Development Institute, to improve the quality of fabric produced. The study utilized an experimental research design, using raw silk from silkworm hybrid DMMMSU 406. Pre-treatment was done using three types of edible oils such as castor oil, corn oil, and coconut oil as soaking agents with a material liquor ratio of 1:4:5:6. All the treatments passed the standards for breaking strength, dimensional change, and colorfastness. Results revealed that coconut oil had the lowest registered number of breaks, and the highest registered reflectance percentage. The same treatment also performed better in terms of cleanness, evenness, and neatness test.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 4, 2022

This study described growth, mortality, recruitment patterns and exploitation rates of 15 fish sp... more This study described growth, mortality, recruitment patterns and exploitation rates of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire). Monthly length-frequency data collected from artisanal fisheries from November 2013 to October 2014 were analyzed with FiSAT software using the ELEFAN package to estimate the population parameters of fishes. Asymptotic values for total length (L∞) ranged from 15.75 cm for Synodontis schall to 59.80 cm for Trachinotus teraia. Growth rate (k) varied from 0.19 for Coptodon guineensis to 0.98 for Caranx hippos. The growth performance index estimates were close to the values found by other authors for most of the fish species. The total mortality (Z) high values were recorded for Synodontis schall (Z= 4.15 year-1 ; M = 2.50 year-1) Schilbe mandibularis (Z= 2.19 year-1 ; M=1.33 year-1). Fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were found to be less than the optimum levels of exploitation for most fish species. The exploitation rate (E) was higher than the maximum sustainable yield (Emax) for Caranx hippos and higher than E0.5 for Eucinostomus melanopterus, Elops lacerta and Synodontis schall. Recruitment was noted as year-round and bimodal for most studied populations. These results demonstrate that some fish stocks necessitate effective management measures particularly C. hippos, E. melanopterus, E. lacerta and S. schall.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Oct 3, 2022

To evaluate the impact of rice production on malaria transmission in the district of Malanville i... more To evaluate the impact of rice production on malaria transmission in the district of Malanville in northern Benin, an entomological study was carried out from January to December 2021. Therefore, human landing catches (HLC) activities were conducted over two consecutive nights in 6 random houses selected from each study site for adult mosquito collection monthly. Additionally, indoor pyrethrum spray catches (PSC) were done in 6 additional houses at each study site. This scheme of mosquito sampling was the same each month during the study period. Female mosquitoes collected by HLC particularly the Head-thoraces of these mosquitoes were tested for the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Mosquitoes collected by PSC were used for species identification based on the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technic. Results from this study showed a total of 63,012 female mosquitoes were caught from the two methods whereas 58,285 were by HLC. Plasmodium falciparum was mainly transmitted by Anopheles gambiae s.s and Anopheles arabiensis where malaria transmission was high from June to November during the rainy season and declined during the dry season (December-May). The average entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was significantly higher during the rainy season compared to the dry season (p<0.05). These findings showed that rice production increased mosquito fauna but doesn't have a significant impact on malaria transmission. Therefore, communities living close to rice production areas will permanently be exposed to mosquito bites throughout the year.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, 2022

This study aimed to assess the safety and health of contractors in Zamboanga Del Norte, Philip-pi... more This study aimed to assess the safety and health of contractors in Zamboanga Del Norte, Philip-pines, in terms of workforce, workplace, and work implements. It also aimed to evaluate compliance with occupational health and safety standards regarding occupational safety and health training, a health and safety plan, civil works activities, and heavy equipment operations. It combined quantitative research with a self-created questionnaire that explains and forecasts concepts that can be applied to other people and locations and objectively measures the variable(s) of interest, selected, constructed, and standardized with validity and reliability in mind. The findings revealed that respondents only partially adhered to construction safety and health in personnel, workplace, and work equipment. Occupational health and safety criteria were partially met in occupational safety and health training, health and safety plans, civil works activities, and heavy equipment operations. The Level of Compliance for construction safety and health was also partially met. As a result, it is advised that construction companies will adopt the revised construction safety model.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Dec 23, 2018

Zar Dheri Buddhist complex is one of the few sites systematically explored and scientifically exc... more Zar Dheri Buddhist complex is one of the few sites systematically explored and scientifically excavated by professional archaeologists. The site is located to the right side of Shinkiari-Tambah road, a link road starting from the Karakuram Highway leading to Dadar and beyond. The site was for the first time documented by H. Hargreaves in 1922 (Hargreaves, 1923). It was later on excavated by the Tokyo National Museum Archaeological Mission (hereafter TNMAM) to Pakistan from 1995-99 in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums (henceforth DOAM), Government of Pakistan. These field investigations at the site revealed some remarkable discoveries including 146 stone sculptures/architectural elements, coins and ceramics. But the most important discovery revealed at the site was the exceptional cruciform stupa with flight of steps provided on each cardinal side (Yoshihide, 2011). This stupa has recently been declared as the earliest of all the cruciform stupas yet discovered from the entire South Asia (Hameed, 2018). But despite of its rich archaeological and historical potential, the site is constantly losing its authenticity due to natural disaster and human vandalism. The present study therefore aims to highlight the management issues and device mechanism to minimize the threats to the site.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Jan 20, 2021

Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land... more Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University-Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1-Rockwool, T2-Coco peat, T3-Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4-Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)-obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.

INNSPUB Journals, Jan 20, 2021

Areca (betel) nut (Areca catechu) is regarded as one of the most addictive masticatory substances... more Areca (betel) nut (Areca catechu) is regarded as one of the most addictive masticatory substances in the world, with approximately 600 million users globally. Extensively grown and found in India, China and Indonesia; areca nut is also native to many other countries of the South and Southeast Asia. Its usage and beneficial effects have been reviewed since centuries. The systemic effects associated with areca nut usage have been in the limelight for many years. This review provides a narrative insight to assess and collate published data that reports the harmful effects of areca nut. An electronic search amassed literature from the NCBI and Google Scholar databases with the help of keywords. Various studies on the correlation of areca nut and its effect on the oral health, metabolism and the incidence of cancer were selected. Its usage is reported to be associated with cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, liver and has been declared a human group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is also associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Hence, there is a dire need to identify the role of areca nut as a causative agent of cancer and several other health disorders. Clinical evidence has indicated and proved that the use of areca nut causes several types of head and neck cancers, as to effects on intracellular levels of GSH, and on tumor suppressing gene P53 are quite evident clinical evidence has indicated and proved that the use of areca nut causes several types of head and neck cancers, as to effects on intracellular levels of GSH, and on tumor suppressing gene P53 are quite evident.

International network For Natural Sciences, Apr 30, 2021

International Journal of Biosciences | IJB, an open access scholarly research journal on biologic... more International Journal of Biosciences | IJB, an open access scholarly research journal on biological research published their April issue 2021, under the volume of 18. IJB Journal is an affiliated journal of the International Network For Natural Sciences, an open access scholarly research journals publishing company.

International Network For Natural Sciences, Jan 20, 2021

The tenderness and quality of meat is very concerning for meat consumers. Meat tenderness relies ... more The tenderness and quality of meat is very concerning for meat consumers. Meat tenderness relies on connective tissue, and muscle proteolytic ability. The use of various chemical tenders is the subject of the majority of research studies on the meat tenderness. However, there are certain drawbacks of these chemical tenders on one or the other sensory characteristics of meat. Few natural tenderizers may be used to counteract these adverse effects of chemical goods. Natural tenderizers are certain vegetables and fruits containing proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for rough meat tenderization. The use of exogenous proteases to enhance the tenderness of meat received tremendous interest in order to consistently produce meat tenderness as well as add value to low-grade cuts. The overview elaborates the sources, characteristics, and uses of plant proteases for the tenderization of meat. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of plant protease on the meat quality and effect on the meat proteins. Plant enzymes (including papain, ficin and bromelain) have been thoroughly studied as tenderizers for meat. The efficient use of such enzymes in raw meat calls for the determination of their enzyme kinetics and features and an understanding of the effect of the meat surrounding ambient (pH, temperature) conditions upon enzyme function. This allows for the creation of optimum conditions for tendering fresh meat and the removal or mitigation of any harmful effects on other quality characteristics.

International Network For Natural Sciences, Jan 20, 2021

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, d... more The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.

INNSPUB.NET, Jan 20, 2021

Nutrient solution concentration is one of the most practical and effective ways of controlling an... more Nutrient solution concentration is one of the most practical and effective ways of controlling and improving the yield and nutritional quality of crops for human consumption. The study was conducted to determine the effect of natural farming inputs as nutrient source applied at different levels on hydroponically grown lettuce. It was conducted at Cagayan State University-Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1-25ml SNAP solution (Control), T2-5grams Master Blend (Control), T3-10ml SNAP+5ml FFJ+5ml FPJ+15ml KAA, T4-10ml SNAP+5ml FFJ+5ml FPJ+15ml KAA, T5-10ml SNAP+5ml FFJ+5ml FPJ+20ml KAA, T6-10ml SNAP+5ml FFJ+5ml FPJ+20ml FAA, T7-20ml KAA and 20ml FAA. The plants are grown in T1 (SNAP solution) consistently produced the tallest, number of leaves, longest roots and the heaviest fresh weight per plant. Master Blend can also be used as a nutrient solution for hydroponics since they are not significantly different from each other. Plants in T7 applied with 20ml KAA and 20ml FAA can also be used as a nutrient solution. However, only there was a delay of one week in maturity which is 37 days as compared with commercial (SNAP and Master Blend) having 30 days maturity. In the absence of SNAP solution and master blend, the fermented Fish Amino Acid (FAA) and Kuhol Amino Acid (KAA) as organic is a potential culture media for hydroponically lettuce production.

International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSpub, 2023

Street food consumption has been a popular staple food in both developed and underdeveloped count... more Street food consumption has been a popular staple food in both developed and underdeveloped countries including the Philippines. These street foods were commonly dipped into different sauces like soy sauce, ketchup, and vinegar to improve flavor and moisture. In many cases, these dipping sauces can be contaminated with zoonotic protozoans and nematodes because of improper sanitation practices by the vendors and consumers as well as because of non-hygienic food preparation, storage, and handling. Consequently, these sauces can be a major source of infection for the person ingesting them. This study sought to identify the different zoonotic protozoans and nematodes that can be found in the street food dipping sauces in Tangub City. Five (5) mL of the dipping sauce were collected and brought to the laboratory for analysis and identification of zoonotic protozoans and nematodes. The findings of the study were subjected to statistical analysis like frequency, percentage, and analysis of variance. Zoonotic protozoans and nematodes were found, namely: Entamoeba histolytica and Ancylostoma duodenale. Entamoeba histolytica was the most commonly occurring organism in all the samples examined and causes harm in the form of a disease such as amoebic colitis. On the other hand, Ancylostoma duodenale was also considered a zoonotic organism. The samples contained significant differences in the numbers of Entamoeba histolytica (p-value 0.0025) in soy sauce and vinegar, while Ancylostoma duodenale (p-value 0.0172) in soy sauce and ketchup. The study concludes that the consumption of street foods dipped in contaminated different sauces can be a venue for zoonotic disease transmission and should be carefully monitored by the local authorities.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jan 15, 2023

Limited fungal-based biocontrol products are available for use against mycotoxins in food and fee... more Limited fungal-based biocontrol products are available for use against mycotoxins in food and feed industry in Kenya. In filling this gap, in-vitro inhibitory assessment of six mycotoxin and nine nonmycotoxin species isolated from Western Kenya were placed on growth media using dual and modified plating techniques to determine the percentage inhibitions, capacity to form inhibition zones and degree of general antagonism on growth of mycotoxin fungi. The cultures were incubated at 25-27 o C under 12hour dark and 12-hour light conditions aseptically. Observations were made 10 days after incubation. Fungal isolates tested for their antagonistic effect on mycotoxin fungi were MCMT4b, MCMT3, MCHB2, T. harzianum, Monascus species, Biatrospora species, P. endophytica, C. olivaceum, and Epichloe species. Mycotoxin fungi tested were A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, P. corrylophillum, P. auratiogriseum and A. niger. More than 80% growth inhibitory indices against mycotoxin fungi were expressed by T. harzianum, MCMT3, MCMT4b and Monascus species. Also, MCMT3, MCMT4b and Monascus species formed the largest inhibition zones against mycotoxin fungi. Fungal isolates MCMT3, MCMT4b, Monascus species and T. harzianum have growth suppression effect against A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. niger, P. corrylophillum, and P. auratiogriseum in-vitro. More elaborate identification of the unidentified fungi, genetic characterization and field efficacy assessments of these isolates is recommended.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, Jan 30, 2021

Cholecystitis is the most common disease of gastro intestinal tract contributing for 10% disease ... more Cholecystitis is the most common disease of gastro intestinal tract contributing for 10% disease burden. Most of the time it is infective in origin. In view of the emerging multi drug resistance organisms, there is a need for guidance in empirical antimicrobial therapy in every clinical setting. To study the bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at Mamatha General Hospital, Kammam over a period of 2 years from September 2010 to September 2012. A total number of 62 clinically diagnosed cases of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis subjected to elective cholecystectomy were included in the study. Bile and gall stone samples were collected and processed aerobically, anaerobically according to standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates by Kirbybauer disc diffusion method and susceptibility pattern were recorded. A total number of 62 cases of cholecystitis were included in the study shows female preponderance of disease. Maximum number of cases belongs to 41 to 50 years age group. Out of 62 patients 62 bile samples and 58 gall stones specimen were collected and analyzed. Bile culture was positive in 24 cholelithiasis cases (41.37%), Gallstone culture was positive in 9 cases (15.51%). The two bile samples yielded anaerobic growth. Escherichia coli was the predominant organism in both samples. Bacterial isolates showing maximum susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactum (100%), amikacin (80%). To optimized empirical antimicrobial therapy in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis patients prior knowledge of the prevalence of various bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in is required.

INNSPUB.NET, 2022

International journal of microbiology and mycology | IJMM, welcomes all respective authors to sub... more International journal of microbiology and mycology | IJMM, welcomes all respective authors to submit their research paper, review paper, short- communication in the major fields of Microbiology and Mycology with low article processing charges (APC). International Journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in the field of biology, microbiology, genetics, pathology, virology, bacteriology, mycology, bioremediation, pathogenic disease, and remediation, waste management, enzymology, parasitology and interactions of microbes with other flora and fauna.

International Network for Natural Sciences, Jul 30, 2021

By: Oni, I. Olawale, Onifade K. Anthony, Arutopin J. Daniel Key Words: Microorganisms, Waste dum... more By: Oni, I. Olawale, Onifade K. Anthony, Arutopin J. Daniel

Key Words: Microorganisms, Waste dumpsite, Assessment, Occurrence

Int. J. Micro. Myco. 13(1), 1-8, July 2021 .

This study was designed to assess the microbiological and physicochemical properties of soil samples from selected waste dumpsites in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria. The findings of the microbiological analysis carried out showed the mean values of the total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.17 × 106 ± 0.08 cfu/g – 7.67 × 106 ± 0.01 cfu/gwhile the total fungal counts recorded ranged from 1.00 × 104 ± 0.02 sfu/g to 6.33 × 104 ± 0.11 sfu/g. The recorded physicochemical properties of the soil samples ranged from 5.4 to 7.9, 4.95 to 45.36%, 0.86 to 2.50% and 2.38 to 11.35% for pH, organic matter, organic nitrogen and organic carbon respectively. The soil particles of the selected dumpsites recorded a range of sand between 55 – 80%, silt 7 – 31% and clay 4 – 29%. The microbial isolates characterized and identified include Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Ochrobacterium, Escherichia and Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladiosporiumand Trichodermarespectively. Bacillus and Aspergillus species were the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from the selected dumpsites and studies have revealed these organisms to be pathogenic in nature, which could pose serious health risk to residents in and around the dumpsites.

International Journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM), Sep 10, 2013

Several methodologies were utilized to evaluate the microbiological and physico chemical properti... more Several methodologies were utilized to evaluate the microbiological and physico chemical properties of top soil samples bored from four municipal waste dumpsites and a farmland (control sample) all located in Benin City, Edo State. The soil samples were obtained during the month of January, 2013. The mean aerobic bacterial counts for the soil samples ranged from 9.7 × 103 cfu/g for the control soil to 1.80 × 104
cfu/g for the soil sourced from the dump site at Ikheuniro. The mean heterotrophic fungal counts varied from 7.0 × 102
cfu/g for capitol dumpsite to 3.3 × 103 cfu/g for the control soil. Ten (10) microbial isolates were characterized and identified; Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Fusarium sp. respectively. Both Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most dominant amongst the bacterial isolates whilst Staphylococcus sp. was the least occurring bacterial isolate. Aspergillus sp. was the highest occurring fungal isolate while the least isolated fungal culture was Saccharomyces sp. The physico chemical results showed values which ranged from 5.60 to
8.08, 164.00 µS/cm to 540.00 µS/cm, 2.378 mg/kg to 3.444 mg/kg, 0.009 mg/kg to 0.016 mg/kg for pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate and cadmium. Despite the positive impacts of the dumped municipal wastes on the microbial and organic properties of the analyzed soils, disposal of municipal wastes in open dump sites is an archaic and unsustainable option in the management of municipal wastes.

International Journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM), Sep 10, 2013

Antagonist activities of different Trichoderma strains were evaluated in vitro against ... more Antagonist activities of different Trichoderma strains were evaluated in vitro against Colletotrichum capsici, a causal agent of anthracnose fruit rot of chili. Dual culture test showed that Trichoderma strains effectively inhibited mycelia growth of the pathogen. T. harzianum IMI-392433 showed the
highest inhibition (81.96 %) and mycelial overgrowth(78.98%). Also, metabolites having 80% concentration extracted from 30-day-old T. harzianum IMI-392433 revealed the highest PIRG (percentage inhibition of radial growth) value of 85.16 and 87.18% by using normal poison and modified bilayer poison agar technique, respectively. Further, metabolites extracted from 30-day-old T. harzianum IMI-392433 at a concentration of 2000 mgL-1completely inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of the pathogen. Also, severity of anthracnose was significantly decreased as
compared with the control (2% methanol) when chili fruits were soaked in 2000 mgL-1of 30-day-old metabolites from T. harzianum strains. Importantly, metabolites extracted from T. virens IMI-392430 (71.09) and T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (69.52) were found to be most efficient in the inhibition of
disease severity. Taken together, our data suggest that Trichoderma strains especially T. harzianum IMI-392433 is a potential antagonistic organism and can be used to control the anthracnose disease caused by C. capsici.

International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Jul 7, 2014

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv... more Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is arguably the most holistic pathosystem of rice throughout the worldwide due to its growing concern as this disease is wide spread, devastating and its control measures are still not well understood. In vitro evaluation of various broad spectrum antibiotics viz., streptomycin sulphate, kanamycin sulphate, chloramphenicol, ampicilin trihydrate and benzylpenicillin, was carried out to determine the best
chemistry against the destructive pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae at different concentrations. Inhibition zones appeared on petri plates for the growth of bacteria were very clear around the paper disks. Chloramphenicol proved to be the most effective antibiotic to control the bacterium as it suppressed the bacterial growth to greater extent and only the 6.25 mean bacterial colonies were appeared in the petri plates, followed by the ampicillin trihydrate which showed to be the second most effective antibiotic against the pathogen growth and retarded to 12.00 mean bacterial colonies. The maximum diameter of inhibition zone (28.31 mm) was showed by the Chloramphenicol at 100 ppm followed by ampicillin trihydrate which gave proved to be second most effective antibiotic to
control the pathogen and gave maximum inhibition zone (25.02 mm) at 100 ppm concentration.

International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Sep 22, 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the microfungi which contamined the surface of the books a... more The aim of this study was to determine the microfungi which contamined the surface of the books and the atmosphere of the library in Health Services Vocational School . The samples of the library air were taken by using open petri plate method and the samples from the surface of the books were taken by swabbing with the moistened sterile swab sticks. As a result of research, 14 different microfungal species were obtained belonging to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium and Penicillium genera. The genera of microfungi the most abundant in terms of the qualitative were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Quantitatively, Aspergillus was found as the most abundant. Maximum colony was formed by Aspergillus niger in the microfungal species. The microfungal species which were
obtained from the atmosphere of the library and from the surface of the books show great similarity.

International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Sep 22, 2014

In 2011, the government of the Republic of Benin decided the free malaria cases management for pr... more In 2011, the government of the Republic of Benin decided the free malaria cases management for pregnant women and children under 5 years. Started in November 2011, this initiative helped to ensure a free malaria cases management of 48574 cases of uncomplicated malaria in 2012 for children
less than 5 years and 6888 for pregnant women. Similarly 77% of health centers are actually implementing the initiative and 96% of health centers have been reimbursed at least once.

innspub.net, Sep 10, 2013

Several methodologies were utilized to evaluate the microbiological and physico chemical properti... more Several methodologies were utilized to evaluate the microbiological and physico chemical properties of top soil samples bored from four municipal waste dumpsites and a farmland (control sample) all located in Benin City, Edo State. The soil samples were obtained during the month of January, 2013. The mean aerobic bacterial counts for the soil samples ranged from 9.7 × 103 cfu/g for the control soil to 1.80 × 104 cfu/g for the soil sourced from the dump site at Ikheuniro. The mean heterotrophic fungal counts varied from 7.0 × 102 cfu/g for capitol dumpsite to 3.3 × 103 cfu/g for the control soil.
Ten (10) microbial isolates were characterized and identified; Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Fusarium sp. respectively. Both Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the
most dominant amongst the bacterial isolates whilst Staphylococcus sp. was the least occurring bacterial isolate. Aspergillus sp. was the highest occurring fungal isolate while the least isolated fungal culture was Saccharomyces sp. The physico chemical results showed values which ranged from 5.60 to 8.08, 164.00 μS/cm to 540.00 μS/cm, 2.378 mg/kg to 3.444 mg/kg, 0.009 mg/kg to 0.016 mg/kg for pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate and cadmium. Despite the positive impacts of the dumped municipal wastes on the microbial and organic properties of the analyzed soils, disposal of municipal
wastes in open dump sites is an archaic and unsustainable option in the management of municipal wastes.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Feb 14, 2023

The regular and single use of turmeric in reference to the reproductive system following several ... more The regular and single use of turmeric in reference to the reproductive system following several review is conflicting, and its effect has not been fully ascertained. The study therefore espoused the histologic sequelae following exposure to turmeric extract on wistar rats ovary and uterus. Ethical clearance was sought from the Research and Ethics Committee in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences of the Delta State University prior to the commencement of this research. 24 wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group A was the control group while groups B, C and D were the treated groups that received 500, 1000 and 1500mg/kg of turmeric extract respectively. Animals were also sub-sectioned, labeled accordingly into 7th, 14th and 21st days respectively for easy identification and treatment or administration. At the end of each experimental days, animals were weighed and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Ovaries and uterus were dissected and fixed in 10% formal saline solution, following regulated histologic procedures. Prepared Slides were viewed using a digital microscope. The micrographs obtained revealed deleterious effect on the histology and cytology of the ovary and uterus following treatment of turmeric. The observed histological distortions to the ovary and uterus have most likely arisen from repeated exposure to tumeric extract; this has proven turmeric to be an harmful substance to the female reproductive system especially women of child bearing age and the regular and continuous consumption of these agent should be regulated.

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, Jun 10, 2022

In recent years, nanotechnology played a central role in research and has shown its significant i... more In recent years, nanotechnology played a central role in research and has shown its significant impact on the field of medicine. Nanoparticles are more efficient than other bulk materials. Novel nanoparticles possess properties like high magnetic proneness; biocompatibility and chemical stability make them efficacious to be use in biomedical field as in treatment and diagnosis of various diseases, bioimaging, hyperthermia, drug delivery, gene delivery and photo ablation therapy. Although, nanotechnology is providing us benefits in many technology and industry sectors i.e., medicine, food safety, environmental science, information technology etc. but besides its positive aspects, it can prove to be a cause of nanotoxicity as well. The toxicity of nanoparticles can be assessed by their size, shape, surface charge, surface coating etc. Humans and cell cultures can be affected by nanoparticles as they can cause lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and eventually cell death. This review article encompasses pros and cons of nanotechnology and focuses on an attempt to promote its advantageous use and to reduce its hazardous effects in different fields.

innspub.net

Hypoglycemic effects were investigated in the ethanol extract of leaves of Rhizophora mucornata o... more Hypoglycemic effects were investigated in the ethanol extract of leaves of Rhizophora mucornata on Long Evans rats. Gut perfusion and six segments studies were carried out to assess these activities. In the gut-perfusion study the percentage of glucose absorption in control rats vs. rats fed with 250 mg/kg extracts were observed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes and the significant (p<0.05) absorption result was found at 15 minutes, which was 35.87 vs. 57.29. The percentage of absorption was found better with 250 mg/kg than 500 mg/kg dose level. The six-segment study was performed to assess the amount of sucrose remaining in the GIT at six different positions. The amount sucrose unabsorbed in different GIT segments showed that in control rats vs. rats fed with 500mg/kg extract at 30 minutes in mmol/l was 0.120 vs. 0.135 which were gradually abating with time dependent manner at 60, 180, and 360 minutes in mmol/l. These results suggest that ethanol extract of leaves of Rhizophora mucornata has significant dose dependant anti-diabetic effects which may be effective in the treatment of diabetes.

International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB), Apr 25, 2012

Apoptosis is a form of cell death that permits the removal of damaged, senescent or unwanted cell... more Apoptosis is a form of cell death that permits the removal of damaged, senescent or unwanted cells in multicellular organisms, without damage to the cellular microenvironment, but it is also involved in a wide range of pathological processes, including cancer. An understanding of the underlying mechanism of apoptosis is important as it plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Defective apoptosis represents a major causative factor in the development and progression of cancer. The majority of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as radiation, utilize the apoptotic pathway to induce cancer cell death. Recent knowledge on apoptosis has provided the basis for novel targeted therapies that exploit apoptosis to treat cancer by acting in the extrinsic/intrinsic pathway. Defects can occur at any point along these pathways, leading to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. In particular, this review provides references concerning the apoptotic molecules, their interactions, the mechanisms involved in apoptosis resistance, and also the modulation of apoptosis for the treatment of cancer. Despite being the cause of problem, apoptosis plays an important role in the treatment of cancer as it is a popular target of many treatment strategies. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-2-number-3-june-2012/

Ficus carica Linn is occasionally used in preparation of local traditional medicines used in the ... more Ficus carica Linn is occasionally used in preparation of local traditional medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in Bangladesh. Our present studies make an attempt toward validating this traditional use by investigating antidiarrhoeal activity of F. carica Linn. Ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of F. carica Linn showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the severity of diarrhoea, in a dose dependent manner, in castor oil induced diarrhoea test. Prostaglandin E2 induced intestinal fluid accumulation test (enteropooling) gave significant results (P ≤ 0.05), indicating possible antidiarrhoeal action. The extract produced significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction of intestinal transit in gastrointestinal motility test with barium sulfate milk in healthy rats. It is evident that F. carica Linn have significant antidiarrhoeal activity and may be a potential source of antidiarrhoeal agents. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-2-number-3-november-2012/

Raffias' species are used in handcrafts, constructions, food processing etc. But in Benin, any qu... more Raffias' species are used in handcrafts, constructions, food processing etc. But in Benin, any quantitative ethnobotanical study was not evaluated for their use and socioeconomic impact of uses on average income. This study investigated the importance of use of raffias' species and the impact of socioeconomic characteristics of informants on the household income. Ethnobotany quantitative approach was used and data on use, products prices and the quantity sold were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered during an interview. The result showed that raffias' species in Benin are used principally for craft (CI = 1.41 for R. hookeri and 1.68 for R. sudanica), but R. hookeri was most important for people in Guinean zone than those in soudanian and soudano-guinean zones. The frequently uses were the beds, mats, baskets and roofs. The most part of the plant used is the rachis for both species and the less used is the nut. Education level, gender and main activities were socioeconomic variable which influenced the annual income from exploitation of raffias species. The uneducated, men and farmers took more income from raffias' species than others. Also, the development level of areas where the species are found, influence the income from their exploitations. To evaluate better the contribution of raffias' species to regional and national gross product, it will be necessary to study the value chain of the main products, but also take into account the informant categories defined in this study regarding operators. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijbb/use-of-raffias-species-raphia-spp-and-it-impact-on-socioeconomics-characteristics-of-harvesters-in-benin-west-africa/

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 2020

Field experiments to study the performance of maize varieties (Zea mays L.) under different rates... more Field experiments to study the performance of maize varieties (Zea mays L.) under different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and cow dung in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria were conducted in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Food and Agricultural Organization/Tree Crops Plantation (FAO/TCP) Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi. A split plot design was adopted for the study with two maize varieties assigned to the main plots and nitrogen with cow dung assigned to the subplots in a factorial combination. Nitrogen rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and cow dung 0, 1 and 2 ton ha-1 were used. Data were collected on number of cobs per plant, cob length, 100 grain weight and grain yield per hectare. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS system for windows 9.2 version 2005 and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Result showed that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield parameters increased sign...

Biomacromolecules, 2010

Infections with bacteria have become a serious problem in joint arthroplasty. This study reports ... more Infections with bacteria have become a serious problem in joint arthroplasty. This study reports about in vitro antibacterial activity and in vitro cell compatibility of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers loaded with metallic silver particles of a size of 5-13 nm. In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied by microplate proliferation tests. The adhesion, viability, and proliferation properties of fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were done to study in vitro cell compatibility of the scaffolds. As the results, only silver-containing PHBV nanofibrous scaffolds showed a high antibacterial activity and an inhibitory effect on the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. The nanofibrous scaffolds having silver nanoparticles &amp;amp;amp;lt;1.0% were free of in vitro cytotoxicity. To sum up, the PHBV nanofibrous scaffolds having nanoparticles &amp;amp;amp;lt;1.0 wt % showed not only good antibacterial activity but also good in vitro cell compatibility. It is considered that the PHBV nanofibrous scaffolds with silver nanoparticles &amp;amp;amp;lt;1.0 wt % have a potential to be used in joint arthroplasty.

To estimate the economic value of the benefits of a structural flood prevention program in flood ... more To estimate the economic value of the benefits of a structural flood prevention program in flood prone areas near the Pulangui River in Bukidnon, Philippines, a contingent valuation study using the willingness to contribute labor (WTCL) format was conducted. The study also explored the socio-demographic determinants of WTCL in order to determine the factors influencing the residents’ future contribution of voluntary labor in a flood prevention project. A survey was conducted in three flood prone barangays in the province of Bukidnon namely: Batangan, Valencia City; Dologon, Maramag; and Camp 1, Maramag. A bidding game procedure was employed to reveal their WTCL. The results showed that the respondents are willing to contribute an average of 10.02 man days of labor in a flood prevention program per year. Interestingly, this is greatly higher than results from similar studies abroad. Consequently, the economic value of the benefits of residents from a structural flood prevention proje...

Today, rice has become one of the most consumed cereals in Africa in general and Cameroon in part... more Today, rice has become one of the most consumed cereals in Africa in general and Cameroon in particular. The low domestic production imposes a strong import that accentuates the country's trade imbalance. To reduce this issue of external dependency, the national government is encouraging domestic production. However, producer’s efforts are inhibited by various constraints among which the pest attacks in general and in particular the stem borers. Data collection was based on sampling and incubation of white rice panicles in an experimental plots set up at Nkolbisson, Yaounde. The susceptibility of rice varieties to different pest species was evaluated by comparing the frequency of pest species on their infested panicles. Among the NERICA rice lines, NERICA 3 had the greatest percentage of attacks panicles that was 41.96 % while NERICA 9 and 13 had the less percentage of attacks panicles that was 14.29 % for both of them. A total of three pest species were identified from the pani...

Lathyrus sativus (Khesari plant) and sugarcane bagasse are considered as agro wastes. Khesari pla... more Lathyrus sativus (Khesari plant) and sugarcane bagasse are considered as agro wastes. Khesari plants are generally grown in fields as weeds and they have to be removed prior to cultivation. Taking this view in mind, we have investigated the conversion of these lignocellulosic agro-waste as an enriched feed stock for cattle via by solid state fermentation using a cellulolytic fungus, Pleurotus sajor-caju. The strain required 8 weeks to complete the fermentation on both the untreated and treated (with alkali, lime and presoaked) substrates at 30°C. Higher amounts of reducing sugar and soluble protein were found in each of the lime treated substrates than untreated substrates. Results also indicated that presoaked substrate contain higher amounts of reducing sugar and soluble protein than unsoaked substrate. Among the substrates, mixed substrate (khesari plant + sugarcane bagasse) was found to accumulate higher amount of sugar, 22.15 mg/g and protein, 22.80 mg/g than those of khesari p...

A study was conducted to check the efficiency of different fresh water algae for removing heavy m... more A study was conducted to check the efficiency of different fresh water algae for removing heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) from contaminated water. The three most abundant indigenous algal species namely Ulothrix tenuissima, Oscillatoria tenuis and Zygogonium ericetorum were collected from fresh water channels of Parachinar, Pakistan and brought to the laboratory of Soil and Environmental Sciences Department at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan for proper identification. To check the efficiency for removing heavy metals artificial contaminated water was prepared and was inoculated with mix culture of above mentioned algae and incubated for 10 days. After incubation algal species were removed from water through centrifugation and was dried, digested and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the concentration of all heavy metals was substantially reduced in the algal inoculated contaminated water. The analysis of algal biomass showed that considerable amoun...

2019 Boston, Massachusetts July 7- July 10, 2019

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)

A field trail was conducted to evaluate the yield potential of six hybrid mung bean (Vigna radiat... more A field trail was conducted to evaluate the yield potential of six hybrid mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) lines viz; BRM-310, BRM-311, BRM-325, BRM-331, BRM-334, BRM-335 and two varieties Chakwal mung and Azri mung06 as check at research area of Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replications of each strain/variety. Recommended agricultural practices were applied uniformly. Various yield parameters were studied. The BRM-334 exhibited the highest number of pods per/ plant, number of grains per pods, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plot and final yield also as well as it got maturity in minimum days as compared to other strains.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences