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Papers by iqra azam

Insecticides are the pesticides that are used to deter pests as they affect their nervous system,... more Insecticides are the pesticides that are used to deter pests as they affect their nervous system, respiration, growth and by harming their exoskeletons. Meanwhile, they are affecting the non-target natural enemies such as ladybirds that are frequently used in IPM as biological control agents. Insecticides were presumed to be ineffective for Coccinellids earlier, but research studies have shown that these insecticides severely effect physiological and behavioural patterns of natural predators leading them to death. A best-selling insecticide, Imidacloprid: a neurotoxin belonging to neonicotinoid affects the behaviour and performance of natural enemies by effecting their fecundity, egg hatching, developmental time, growth rate, locomotion, survival rate and causing mortality of various Coccinellids including:

ABSTRACT: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) is a key pest of cotton crop. The indiscriminate use of i... more ABSTRACT: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) is a key pest of cotton crop. The indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides during 1930’s and latter to control insects pests, developed resistance in cotton aphid against these chemicals resulting in outbreak of this pest. Cotton aphid has a major impact on quality and yield of cotton which emphasizes the need to manage this notorious pest. The main goal of this review is to highlight various strategies viz., biological, chemical and cultural control for cotton aphid management. The selection of suitable control strategy is made on by viewing the severity of cotton aphid outbreak. Furthermore, the role of transgenic crops in lowering cotton aphid population is also described. However, the preservation of the cotton aphid's natural enemies could be an ecologically sustainable method of maintaining the aphid population below threshold level.

Description and operating principle of a video-control device for digital image treatment systems... more Description and operating principle of a video-control device for digital image treatment systems are given. The authors substantiate the choice of electron-ray tubes with dark-trace recording of the skiatron type for the control of the input-output operations carried out by slow mechanical devices.

NBI has recently completed a study of whole building energy use of over 120 completed LEED buildi... more NBI has recently completed a study of whole building energy use of over 120 completed LEED buildings nationwide. This paper presents an analysis of a subset of this research, focusing on the use of energy modeling as a predictor of building performance for this building sample. As part of this analysis, NBI reviewed modeling results for approximately 90 buildings that used the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard as a modeling baseline, and predicted building energy savings compared to this standard 1. An analysis of the baseline, predicted, and actual energy use for these buildings yields a fascinating set of data with significant implications on the use of this standard as a predictive tool and code baseline. The results of the analysis also impact ongoing national discussions about how the design industry can respond to the Architecture2030 challenge and other carbon reduction goals. The data set has been analyzed in the context of building size, type, and climate, and the results suggest the need for modifications to energy code and regional load projection policy considerations, building life cycle cost analysis, and the practice of energy modeling. Areas of significant additional research topics are also indicated. The goal of this session is to present the results of this study, and to solicit an informed discussion of the far-reaching implications of the data.

Organisms respond variably to environmental stresses by their physiological and biochemical mecha... more Organisms respond variably to environmental stresses by their physiological and biochemical mechanisms (Niu et al., 2002). Scientific community many times has acknowledged the potential importance of dietary metal toxicity in natural ecosystems, yet insects are still under represented in such datasets (Davis et al., 2001). Metal trace elements including Cd, Pb and Hg are non-biodegradable xenobiotics and no specific detoxifying enzymes are known for their metabolism. Increased presence of such metals in cells undergoes redox reactions that affect catalytic abilities of anti-oxidative enzymes (Cervera et al., 2003). These metal trace elements are often involved in oxidative stresses at cellular level and results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS includes, superoxide radical 2− (O ), hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and hydroxyl radical (OH) 2 2 mainly affecting lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in living organisms (Damien et al., 2004). The importance of ant...

Coccinella septempunctata is the generalist, representative predator that is potentially used as ... more Coccinella septempunctata is the generalist, representative predator that is potentially used as biological control agent in many crop pest management programs. A comprehensive and critical review of published and formerly unpublished studies was accomplished to evaluate the effects of insecticides such as imidacloprid, hexaflumuron, dimethoate, deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, acetamiprid, fenazaquin, quinalphos and neemix on C. septempunctata. Data generated clearly indicates severe effects of used insecticides on its neurophysiological and behavioral responses indicating loss of co-ordination, paralysis as well as reduce fecundity, longevity and growth. Further studies are required to focus mainly on the measure to evaluate their real effects under field conditions

A survey was conducted in District Gujranwala, Pakistan, for the evaluation of the population div... more A survey was conducted in District Gujranwala, Pakistan, for the evaluation of the population diversity of termite fauna of in garden trees of this region from January to June, 2012. Six species of termites i.e., Coptotermes heimi, Microcerotermes championi, Odontotermes obesus, Microtermes obesi, Microtermes mycophagus and Odontotermes guptai were recorded from houses and garden trees. Termites were found variably inhabiting different portions of garden trees. Maximum diversity of termites was 78% on Simpson’s Index and 70% on Shannon scale from garden trees.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 2021

Cardiovascular disease continues to grow as a massive global health burden, with coronary artery ... more Cardiovascular disease continues to grow as a massive global health burden, with coronary artery disease being one of its most lethal varieties. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induces changes in the blood vessel and its extracellular matrix (ECM) in each vascular layer. The alteration of the ECM homeostasis has significant modulatory effects on the inflammatory response, the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, neointimal formation, and vascular fibrosis seen in atherosclerosis. In this literature review, the role of the ECM, the multitude of components, and alterations to these components in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are discussed with a focus on versatile cellular phenotypes in the structure of blood vessel. An understanding of the various effects of ECM alterations opens up a plethora of therapeutic options that would mitigate the substantial health toll of atherosclerosis on the global population.

American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2019

Abstract Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the most promising nanoplat... more Abstract Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the most promising nanoplatforms to enhance the oral efficacy of poorly-bioavailable therapeutics. The present study aimed to develop solid-SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) for oral delivery of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin loaded SNEDDS was developed using eucalyptus oil, tween 80 and PEG 400 as the formulation components and then converted to S-SNEDDS using the biocompatible adsorbent avicel PH-101. The droplet size of SNEDDS and reconstituted S-SNEDDS was found to be 65.23 ± 5.54 nm and 74.23 ± 3.86 nm with negative zeta potential, respectively. The in-vitro drug release studies revealed that the release dapagliflozin was better from S-SNEDDS (93.79 ± 2.23% in 1 h) as compared to the pure drug (38.33 ± 1.78%) and exhibited zero order release kinetics. Solid-state characterization of S-SNEDDS revealed that dapagliflozin was compatible with formulation components and was converted in amorphous state inside S-SNEDDS. Moreover, dapagliflozin loaded SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS exhibited significantly higher hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic albino rats as compared to pure drug. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that developed S-SNEDDS could serve as an efficient nanoplatform for oral delivery of dapagliflozin for better management of diabetes mellitus.

Critical Care Medicine, 2019

OBJECTIVES Little is known on the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on antimicrobial... more OBJECTIVES Little is known on the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on antimicrobial dose requirements in children. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commonly administered antimicrobials in an ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy model. DESIGN An ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy circuit was used to evaluate drug-circuit interactions and determine the disposition of five commonly used antimicrobials (meropenem, piperacillin, liposomal amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole). SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTIONS Antimicrobials were administered into a reservoir containing whole human blood. The reservoir was connected to a pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy circuit programmed for a 10 kg child. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed in the hemodiafiltration mode and in three phases correlating with three different continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates: 1) no clearance (0 mL/kg/hr, to measure adsorption), 2) low clearance (20 mL/kg/hr), and 3) high clearance (40 mL/kg/hr). Blood samples were drawn directly from the reservoir at baseline and at 5, 20, 60, and 180 minutes during each phase. Five independent continuous renal replacement therapy runs were performed to assess inter-run variability. Antimicrobial concentrations were measured using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays. A closed-loop, flow-through pharmacokinetic model was developed to analyze concentration-time profiles for each drug. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Circuit adsorption of antimicrobials ranged between 13% and 27%. Meropenem, piperacillin, and voriconazole were cleared by the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit and clearance increased with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates (7.66 mL/min, 4.97 mL/min, and 2.67 mL/min, respectively, for high continuous renal replacement therapy clearance). Amphotericin B and caspofungin had minimal circuit clearance and did not change with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates. CONCLUSIONS Careful consideration of drug-circuit interactions during continuous renal replacement therapy is essential for appropriate drug dosing in critically ill children. Antimicrobials have unique adsorption and clearance profiles during continuous renal replacement therapy, and this knowledge is important to optimize antimicrobial therapy.

Housefly, Musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffer... more Housefly, Musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffering from its harmful impacts. It occupies human and livestock premises and acts as a source of nuisance and annoyance to them. The present bibliographical study explains role of House fly as a disease vector of humans and livestock. This article highlights various aspects of the life of the said pest that includes its general description-morphology, biology, life cycle, its pest status and major control strategies. The pest is cosmopolitan in nature and shows holometabolous metamorphosis as it passes through all stages of development like egg, larva, pupa and adult which takes 10 to 14 days for its completion. Its life span is between 15 to 30 days. With respect to control strategies of the said pest, it was reviewed that chemical control is the most common and efficient technique but dependence on insecticide for fly control is decreasing due to increased insecticide resistance and envi...

BioMed Research International, 2015

To study the accumulation and contamination of heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soi... more To study the accumulation and contamination of heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soil, air, and water, few insect species were assayed as ecological indicators. Study area comes under industrial zone of district Gujrat of Punjab, Pakistan. Insects used as bioindicators included a libellulid dragonfly (Crocothemis servilia), an acridid grasshopper (Oxya hyla hyla), and a nymphalid butterfly (Danaus chrysippus) near industrial zone of Gujrat. Accumulation of Cd was highest in insect species followed by Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni atp<0.05. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA) was carried out to study metal accumulation level in all insects. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed HACA observations and declared concentration of heavy metals above permissible limits. Metal concentrations in insects were significantly higher near industries and nallahs in Gujrat and relatively higher concentrations of metals were found in Orthoptera than Odonata and Lepidoptera. The total me...

Genetics and Molecular Research, 2014

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Proceedings of the Nano-Micro Conference 2017, 2017

Mass production of porous carbon at low cost for supercapacitor applications is highly desired. H... more Mass production of porous carbon at low cost for supercapacitor applications is highly desired. Herein, for the first time we report a novel method to grow porous 3D graphene by using Mg to reduce CS 2 vapor. In a tube furnace the mixture of Mg and NaCl powders are heated at 570 o C and reacted with CS 2 vapor carried by an Ar flow. The Mg powder can be about 95% consumed and the weight of resultant carbon nanomaterial is in gram scale after one experiment. This 3D graphene product with specific surface area of 980 cm 2 /g is processed into electrodes for electrochemical test, showing a specific capacitance of 212 F/g at 1 A/g in H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte. Besides, the electrode is continuously charged/discharged at 5 A/g for 10,000 cycles and its capacitance remains 98.5% of the original value. Figure 1. (a) and (b) SEM images of the 3D graphene product at low and high magnifications.

Insecticides are the pesticides that are used to deter pests as they affect their nervous system,... more Insecticides are the pesticides that are used to deter pests as they affect their nervous system, respiration, growth and by harming their exoskeletons. Meanwhile, they are affecting the non-target natural enemies such as ladybirds that are frequently used in IPM as biological control agents. Insecticides were presumed to be ineffective for Coccinellids earlier, but research studies have shown that these insecticides severely effect physiological and behavioural patterns of natural predators leading them to death. A best-selling insecticide, Imidacloprid: a neurotoxin belonging to neonicotinoid affects the behaviour and performance of natural enemies by effecting their fecundity, egg hatching, developmental time, growth rate, locomotion, survival rate and causing mortality of various Coccinellids including:

ABSTRACT: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) is a key pest of cotton crop. The indiscriminate use of i... more ABSTRACT: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) is a key pest of cotton crop. The indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides during 1930’s and latter to control insects pests, developed resistance in cotton aphid against these chemicals resulting in outbreak of this pest. Cotton aphid has a major impact on quality and yield of cotton which emphasizes the need to manage this notorious pest. The main goal of this review is to highlight various strategies viz., biological, chemical and cultural control for cotton aphid management. The selection of suitable control strategy is made on by viewing the severity of cotton aphid outbreak. Furthermore, the role of transgenic crops in lowering cotton aphid population is also described. However, the preservation of the cotton aphid's natural enemies could be an ecologically sustainable method of maintaining the aphid population below threshold level.

Description and operating principle of a video-control device for digital image treatment systems... more Description and operating principle of a video-control device for digital image treatment systems are given. The authors substantiate the choice of electron-ray tubes with dark-trace recording of the skiatron type for the control of the input-output operations carried out by slow mechanical devices.

NBI has recently completed a study of whole building energy use of over 120 completed LEED buildi... more NBI has recently completed a study of whole building energy use of over 120 completed LEED buildings nationwide. This paper presents an analysis of a subset of this research, focusing on the use of energy modeling as a predictor of building performance for this building sample. As part of this analysis, NBI reviewed modeling results for approximately 90 buildings that used the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard as a modeling baseline, and predicted building energy savings compared to this standard 1. An analysis of the baseline, predicted, and actual energy use for these buildings yields a fascinating set of data with significant implications on the use of this standard as a predictive tool and code baseline. The results of the analysis also impact ongoing national discussions about how the design industry can respond to the Architecture2030 challenge and other carbon reduction goals. The data set has been analyzed in the context of building size, type, and climate, and the results suggest the need for modifications to energy code and regional load projection policy considerations, building life cycle cost analysis, and the practice of energy modeling. Areas of significant additional research topics are also indicated. The goal of this session is to present the results of this study, and to solicit an informed discussion of the far-reaching implications of the data.

Organisms respond variably to environmental stresses by their physiological and biochemical mecha... more Organisms respond variably to environmental stresses by their physiological and biochemical mechanisms (Niu et al., 2002). Scientific community many times has acknowledged the potential importance of dietary metal toxicity in natural ecosystems, yet insects are still under represented in such datasets (Davis et al., 2001). Metal trace elements including Cd, Pb and Hg are non-biodegradable xenobiotics and no specific detoxifying enzymes are known for their metabolism. Increased presence of such metals in cells undergoes redox reactions that affect catalytic abilities of anti-oxidative enzymes (Cervera et al., 2003). These metal trace elements are often involved in oxidative stresses at cellular level and results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS includes, superoxide radical 2− (O ), hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and hydroxyl radical (OH) 2 2 mainly affecting lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in living organisms (Damien et al., 2004). The importance of ant...

Coccinella septempunctata is the generalist, representative predator that is potentially used as ... more Coccinella septempunctata is the generalist, representative predator that is potentially used as biological control agent in many crop pest management programs. A comprehensive and critical review of published and formerly unpublished studies was accomplished to evaluate the effects of insecticides such as imidacloprid, hexaflumuron, dimethoate, deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, acetamiprid, fenazaquin, quinalphos and neemix on C. septempunctata. Data generated clearly indicates severe effects of used insecticides on its neurophysiological and behavioral responses indicating loss of co-ordination, paralysis as well as reduce fecundity, longevity and growth. Further studies are required to focus mainly on the measure to evaluate their real effects under field conditions

A survey was conducted in District Gujranwala, Pakistan, for the evaluation of the population div... more A survey was conducted in District Gujranwala, Pakistan, for the evaluation of the population diversity of termite fauna of in garden trees of this region from January to June, 2012. Six species of termites i.e., Coptotermes heimi, Microcerotermes championi, Odontotermes obesus, Microtermes obesi, Microtermes mycophagus and Odontotermes guptai were recorded from houses and garden trees. Termites were found variably inhabiting different portions of garden trees. Maximum diversity of termites was 78% on Simpson’s Index and 70% on Shannon scale from garden trees.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 2021

Cardiovascular disease continues to grow as a massive global health burden, with coronary artery ... more Cardiovascular disease continues to grow as a massive global health burden, with coronary artery disease being one of its most lethal varieties. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induces changes in the blood vessel and its extracellular matrix (ECM) in each vascular layer. The alteration of the ECM homeostasis has significant modulatory effects on the inflammatory response, the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, neointimal formation, and vascular fibrosis seen in atherosclerosis. In this literature review, the role of the ECM, the multitude of components, and alterations to these components in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are discussed with a focus on versatile cellular phenotypes in the structure of blood vessel. An understanding of the various effects of ECM alterations opens up a plethora of therapeutic options that would mitigate the substantial health toll of atherosclerosis on the global population.

American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2019

Abstract Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the most promising nanoplat... more Abstract Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the most promising nanoplatforms to enhance the oral efficacy of poorly-bioavailable therapeutics. The present study aimed to develop solid-SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) for oral delivery of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin loaded SNEDDS was developed using eucalyptus oil, tween 80 and PEG 400 as the formulation components and then converted to S-SNEDDS using the biocompatible adsorbent avicel PH-101. The droplet size of SNEDDS and reconstituted S-SNEDDS was found to be 65.23 ± 5.54 nm and 74.23 ± 3.86 nm with negative zeta potential, respectively. The in-vitro drug release studies revealed that the release dapagliflozin was better from S-SNEDDS (93.79 ± 2.23% in 1 h) as compared to the pure drug (38.33 ± 1.78%) and exhibited zero order release kinetics. Solid-state characterization of S-SNEDDS revealed that dapagliflozin was compatible with formulation components and was converted in amorphous state inside S-SNEDDS. Moreover, dapagliflozin loaded SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS exhibited significantly higher hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic albino rats as compared to pure drug. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that developed S-SNEDDS could serve as an efficient nanoplatform for oral delivery of dapagliflozin for better management of diabetes mellitus.

Critical Care Medicine, 2019

OBJECTIVES Little is known on the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on antimicrobial... more OBJECTIVES Little is known on the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on antimicrobial dose requirements in children. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commonly administered antimicrobials in an ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy model. DESIGN An ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy circuit was used to evaluate drug-circuit interactions and determine the disposition of five commonly used antimicrobials (meropenem, piperacillin, liposomal amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole). SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTIONS Antimicrobials were administered into a reservoir containing whole human blood. The reservoir was connected to a pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy circuit programmed for a 10 kg child. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed in the hemodiafiltration mode and in three phases correlating with three different continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates: 1) no clearance (0 mL/kg/hr, to measure adsorption), 2) low clearance (20 mL/kg/hr), and 3) high clearance (40 mL/kg/hr). Blood samples were drawn directly from the reservoir at baseline and at 5, 20, 60, and 180 minutes during each phase. Five independent continuous renal replacement therapy runs were performed to assess inter-run variability. Antimicrobial concentrations were measured using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays. A closed-loop, flow-through pharmacokinetic model was developed to analyze concentration-time profiles for each drug. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Circuit adsorption of antimicrobials ranged between 13% and 27%. Meropenem, piperacillin, and voriconazole were cleared by the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit and clearance increased with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates (7.66 mL/min, 4.97 mL/min, and 2.67 mL/min, respectively, for high continuous renal replacement therapy clearance). Amphotericin B and caspofungin had minimal circuit clearance and did not change with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates. CONCLUSIONS Careful consideration of drug-circuit interactions during continuous renal replacement therapy is essential for appropriate drug dosing in critically ill children. Antimicrobials have unique adsorption and clearance profiles during continuous renal replacement therapy, and this knowledge is important to optimize antimicrobial therapy.

Housefly, Musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffer... more Housefly, Musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffering from its harmful impacts. It occupies human and livestock premises and acts as a source of nuisance and annoyance to them. The present bibliographical study explains role of House fly as a disease vector of humans and livestock. This article highlights various aspects of the life of the said pest that includes its general description-morphology, biology, life cycle, its pest status and major control strategies. The pest is cosmopolitan in nature and shows holometabolous metamorphosis as it passes through all stages of development like egg, larva, pupa and adult which takes 10 to 14 days for its completion. Its life span is between 15 to 30 days. With respect to control strategies of the said pest, it was reviewed that chemical control is the most common and efficient technique but dependence on insecticide for fly control is decreasing due to increased insecticide resistance and envi...

BioMed Research International, 2015

To study the accumulation and contamination of heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soi... more To study the accumulation and contamination of heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soil, air, and water, few insect species were assayed as ecological indicators. Study area comes under industrial zone of district Gujrat of Punjab, Pakistan. Insects used as bioindicators included a libellulid dragonfly (Crocothemis servilia), an acridid grasshopper (Oxya hyla hyla), and a nymphalid butterfly (Danaus chrysippus) near industrial zone of Gujrat. Accumulation of Cd was highest in insect species followed by Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni atp<0.05. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA) was carried out to study metal accumulation level in all insects. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed HACA observations and declared concentration of heavy metals above permissible limits. Metal concentrations in insects were significantly higher near industries and nallahs in Gujrat and relatively higher concentrations of metals were found in Orthoptera than Odonata and Lepidoptera. The total me...

Genetics and Molecular Research, 2014

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Proceedings of the Nano-Micro Conference 2017, 2017

Mass production of porous carbon at low cost for supercapacitor applications is highly desired. H... more Mass production of porous carbon at low cost for supercapacitor applications is highly desired. Herein, for the first time we report a novel method to grow porous 3D graphene by using Mg to reduce CS 2 vapor. In a tube furnace the mixture of Mg and NaCl powders are heated at 570 o C and reacted with CS 2 vapor carried by an Ar flow. The Mg powder can be about 95% consumed and the weight of resultant carbon nanomaterial is in gram scale after one experiment. This 3D graphene product with specific surface area of 980 cm 2 /g is processed into electrodes for electrochemical test, showing a specific capacitance of 212 F/g at 1 A/g in H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte. Besides, the electrode is continuously charged/discharged at 5 A/g for 10,000 cycles and its capacitance remains 98.5% of the original value. Figure 1. (a) and (b) SEM images of the 3D graphene product at low and high magnifications.