iqra fatima - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by iqra fatima

Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology, 2021

In spite of significant progress, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a severe national health issue in Pak... more In spite of significant progress, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a severe national health issue in Pakistan. However, very few studies have been done on the spatial-temporal appraisal of tuberculosis in Pakistan. The current research is based on the TB disease dataset obtained from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics from 2015 to 2019. The study has focused on assessing Spatial epidemiology statistics and spatial autocorrelation to detect the cluster of TB disease incidence rate (IR) for New, Male, Female and total TB patients at the provincial and territorial levels in Pakistan. The spatial epidemiology statistics and spatial autocorrelation have been measured the temporal trends of TB IR as per 100,000 population. The global and local spatial autocorrelation of TB IR has been analyzed by the global Moran's I and Anselin's Local Moran's using GeoDa software and ArcGIS tool. Results show that the IR in Pakistan exhibited a progressive decrease from 2015 to 2018 but showed an un...

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022

Single cell proteins are the biomass (dried cells) produced by microorganisms including yeast, ba... more Single cell proteins are the biomass (dried cells) produced by microorganisms including yeast, bacteria, algae and fungi. This biomass contains proteins, amino acids, vitamins and lipid content. The microorganisms utilize waste materials, agricultural and industrial waste, feed stocks and secrete natural protein concentrates. A variety of substrate s are available for the production of single cell proteins, most common among them is the yeast which produces 250 tons of proteins in 24 h. Single cell proteins can be used as a vital supplement of proteins and regarded as a quantitative approach against malnutrition. Two main reasons for the replacement of single cell proteins by conventional source are its high nucleic acid content and low digestibility. Single cell proteins have a wide field of applications in animal nutrition, in food stuffs and in technological fields. The production process and research and development of single cell proteins are encompassing various fields of scie...

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a typical disturbed throughout the globe. As of late, there are c... more Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a typical disturbed throughout the globe. As of late, there are changed sorts of examinations and overview works region units considered. The individuals' Republic of Pakistan is that the place where there is magnificence while the common plants have selective meditative ayurvedic movement against inside emission Subordinate Diabetic Mellitus (IDDM) and Non-Insulin Subordinate Diabetic Mellitus (NIDDM). Among a few meds furthermore distinctive different meds, numerous herbs are praised to fix and the board diabetes; to boot they need no aspect impacts inside the prior some of the years, there must be an exponential development inside the arena of prescription then increasing quality each inside creating including created nations owing to their common source and fewer feature impacts during this audit work, we will in general essentially observe some potential plants therapeutic medication movement in the Individuals' Republic of Pakistan. A fa...

Nanomaterials, 2021

In the fight against cancer, early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Traditional can... more In the fight against cancer, early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Traditional cancer diagnostic technologies, on the other hand, have limitations that make early detection difficult. Therefore, multi-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) and nano-biosensors have revolutionized the era of cancer diagnosis and treatment for targeted action via attaching specified and biocompatible ligands to target the tissues, which are highly over-expressed in certain types of cancers. Advancements in multi-functionalized NPs can be achieved via modifying molecular genetics to develop personalized and targeted treatments based on RNA interference. Modification in RNA therapies utilized small RNA subunits in the form of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) for overexpressing the specific genes of, most commonly, breast, colon, gastric, cervical, and hepatocellular cancer. RNA-conjugated nanomaterials appear to be the gold standard for preventing various malignant tumors through focused diagnos...

Objective of the study was to assess the effect of smoking, passive smoking and socioeconomic sta... more Objective of the study was to assess the effect of smoking, passive smoking and socioeconomic status on the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) This is a Descriptive cross sectional study, which was conducted at DHQ hospital Faisalabad in May, 2012. Thirty patients of tuberculosis from DHQ hospital were included in the study by filling of questionnaire. Out of these, 70% were smokers and 20% were passive smokers and only 10% were non-smokers. Most of the smokers had been smoking for more than 10 years. 70% of the patients were belonging to low socioeconomic status. 23.33% had a view that smoking is a causative factor in their TB and 76.66% were against it. In conclusion, exposure to tobacco smoke, either active or passive, was associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis immediately following infection. This is an association of great concern requiring health education programs and anti-tobacco medical advice.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2021

Breast cancer is becoming one of the main lethal carcinomas in the recent era, and its occurrence... more Breast cancer is becoming one of the main lethal carcinomas in the recent era, and its occurrence rate is increasing day by day. There are different breast cancer biomarkers, and their overexpression takes place in the metastasis of cancer cells. The most prevalent breast cancer biomarker is the human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2). As this biomarker is overexpressed in malignant breast tissues, it has become the main focus in targeted therapies to fight breast cancer. There is a cascade of mechanisms involved in metastasis and cell proliferation in cancer cells. Nanotechnology has become extremely advanced in targeting and imaging cancerous cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor NPs, and they are used for bioimaging, biolabeling, and biosensing. They are synthesized by different approaches such as top-down, bottom-up, and synthetic methods. Fully human monoclonal antibodies synthesized using transgenic mice having human immunoglobulin are used to target malignant cel...

In this paper, a comparative analysis of two heuristic algorithms, i.e., enhanced differential ev... more In this paper, a comparative analysis of two heuristic algorithms, i.e., enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and tabu search (TS) with unschedule load approach for its optimality is proposed. This paper aims to achieve minimum electricity bill and maximum peak to average ratio (PAR) reduction while considering the factor of user satisfaction. In order to achieve our aim, an objective function of electricity cost reduction is made based upon the scheduling strategies. A combined model of pricing schemes, i.e., time of use (ToU) and critical peak pricing (CPP) is used to calculate electricity bill and to tackle the instability. We implemented a state of art user-defined taxonomy of appliances in our paper to deal with the user comfort appropriately in a residential area. Simulation results shows that our proposed strategy works better to encourage the users for intelligent power consumption.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

For the calibration of thermohygrometers it is necessary to have a means of generating temperatur... more For the calibration of thermohygrometers it is necessary to have a means of generating temperature and relative humidity for this reason in this development we will build a climatic chamber which will generate and control these two magnitudes. For the generation of temperature a thermoresistance was used and the decrease of relative humidity was done through a silica gel trap through which the air inside the chamber is recirculated with the use of a vacuum pump. On the other hand, an ultrasonic humidity generator also known as fogger was used to increase the relative humidity. For the construction of the chamber, acrylic was used as the main material, since it is translucent and facilitates the visualization of the thermohygrometers’ indications. For the control of the process variables such as temperature and relative humidity, an Arduino card was used, which through PWM pulse width modulation, the control was performed achieving a variation of 0.3 °C and 2 %RH, which will be evalu...

Renewable energy sources (RESs) are considered as future replacement of traditional energy genera... more Renewable energy sources (RESs) are considered as future replacement of traditional energy generation sources with zero carbon emission and low price electricity producers. RESs are intermittent, uncertain and random in nature, they do not produce fixed amount of energy and heavily depend upon weather, season and area. In this paper, new trends in the integration of photovoltaic and wind turbine are presented. This paper discusses the integration of RESs at three level i.e. consumer level, micro grid level and main grid level. A comprehensive review of the intermittent and stochastic nature of RESs is also provided. Additionally, fault protection concerns and the feasibility of RESs are discussed. Moreover, the usage of storage system to deal with the fluctuating behavior of RESs is presented.

2018 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), 2018

This paper presents a new algorithm to solve the problem of electricity cost reduction by hybridi... more This paper presents a new algorithm to solve the problem of electricity cost reduction by hybridization of two meta-heuristic techniques, i.e., Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) and Firefly Optimization (FF). A home energy management controller (HEMC), based on scheduling of different household electrical tasks is proposed to maintain balance between load and demand profile. The objective of this study is to determine lowest cost while considering user comfort maximization factor and peak to average ratio (PAR). The proposed algorithm, i.e., Hybrid Elephant and Firefly (HEF) optimization is analyzed comparatively to its' separate implemented versions to evaluate the performance and behavior towards scheduling process. Moreover, three different pricing models are used to calculate the total power consumption rate. Simulation results show that our proposed hybrid optimization technique performs more efficiently to achieve lowest cost and maximum consumer satisfaction.

In this paper, we proposed a mechanism for power scheduling problem in Home Energy Management Sys... more In this paper, we proposed a mechanism for power scheduling problem in Home Energy Management System using two heuristic algorithms Tabu Search (TS) and Enhanced Differential Equation (EDE) with Real time pricing scheme. The aim of this proposed scheduling mechanism is to find an optimal daily load schedule which can achieve a balanced trade-off between electricity cost and user comfort with respect to management of peak hour load. Simulation results show that TS has achieved a lower waiting time than EDE. Whereas, EDE has performed better than TS in reducing cost. Moreover, according to overall results TS performed better in comparison to other as it achieves a balanced trade-off between cost and user comfort and also avoids peak formation.

In the residential area, high electricity demand of power-consuming household tasks has become a ... more In the residential area, high electricity demand of power-consuming household tasks has become a crucial issue. Thus, the key objectives of home energy management system (HEMS) are scheduling power-consuming household tasks to minimize electricity cost and maximize consumer’s comfort. The many utilities offer residential demand response (DR) program to shift residential customer electricity consumption during the peak time period to match demand and supply. In this paper, we propose optimal load scheduling algorithm a hybrid genetic based on harmony search (HGHS) for HEMS to schedule power-consuming household tasks. The new optimal load scheduling algorithm HGHS gives optimal solution to schedule power-consuming household tasks based on real time pricing (RTP) electricity tariff within electricity task time window during the day in order to minimize electricity cost, reduce peak-to-average ratio (PAR) and maximize user comfort. The proposed model implemented in a single smart home a...

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the occurrence, frequency, and severity of ... more Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the occurrence, frequency, and severity of significant drug-drug interactions in stroke patients, with an emphasis on post complications and their symptomatic management. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for 6 mo at Osmania General Hospital, a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. The prescriptions taken by stroke patients throughout their hospital stay were analyzed for possible interactions using-Micromedex-2 (Thomson Reuters) × 2.0. Results: A total of 130 prescriptions was analyzed in the study in which 141 drug-drug interactions were found with a male predominance of 85.4%. The majority of interactions were of moderate severity (74.46%) and pharmacokinetics (67.37%) in nature. Among the clinical consequences, decreased atorvastatin efficacy (49.10%) was found to be the highest. The class of drugs most commonly involved in drug-drug interactions was found to be anti-epileptics and statins. 60.15% of the s...

IT Professional, 2020

Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including ... more Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author's name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pagination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award.

2019 International Conference on Applied and Engineering Mathematics (ICAEM), 2019

Rubber has extensive application in automobiles due to its damping properties and stress relaxati... more Rubber has extensive application in automobiles due to its damping properties and stress relaxation behavior. Its properties largely depends on type of loading (compressive or tensile), temperature, frequency, amplitude etc. The objective of this paper is to show meaningful relation between viscoelastic properties of OGDEN type material solid like rubber under dynamic cyclic loading. Sinusoidal loading is applied to determine stress-strain behavior over time, stress relaxation, and residual stresses. Generally, viscoelastic material gives nonlinear response, but typically it gives minor linear relation initially due to elastic behavior. Material response is visualized at different amplitude of cyclic loading.

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2021

Abstract Biochars were produced by pyrolyzing the rice husk and sawdust at two temperatures of 30... more Abstract Biochars were produced by pyrolyzing the rice husk and sawdust at two temperatures of 300 °C (low-temperature) and 700 °C (high-temperature) and tested for the removal performance for nitrates and phosphates in water via batch sorption experiments. The resulting N- and P-loaded biochars were then applied to soil to evaluate their impact on maize growth. Adsorption kinetics experiments indicated a relatively high rate of adsorption of nitrates (up to 2.469 mg g−1 h−1) onto biochars than phosphates (up to 0.456 mg g−1 h−1). The high-temperature biochar showed greater adsorption capacity (up to 95.42 mg g−1) for nitrates, while low-temperature biochar exhibited more adsorption (up to 47.18 mg g−1) for phosphates. Chemisorption was the dominant mechanism for the adsorption of nitrate onto high-temperature biochars, as indicated by the best fitting of the sorption data to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.96). Phosphate adsorption onto low-temperature biochars was mainly governed by pore diffusion and chemisorption, as predicted from the best fits to the intra-particle diffusion (R2 ≥ 0.96) and pseudo-second-order (R2 ≥ 0.84) models, respectively. The results of plant growth experiments indicated positive effects on maize productivity in soils amended with N- and P-loaded biochars, which was confirmed by the increase in the fresh and dry biomass weights (up to 803 and 733 %, respectively) and greater uptake of essential nutrients (Zn up to 554 %, Mn up to 954 %, Fe up to 325 %, Ca up to 537 % and Mg up to 531 %) in maize plants as compared to the control.

2018 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2018

Smart grid is an emerging technology which is successfully implemented by the use of different co... more Smart grid is an emerging technology which is successfully implemented by the use of different communication methods. Demand side management (DSM) plays a significant role in the management of load and energy consumption in order to reduce cost in the smart grids. Smart buildings and smart homes are usually considered important for reducing the electricity consumption by home energy management controllers (HEMC). In this paper, an energy management controller (EMC) is proposed with an objective to minimize the energy consumption, curtail load demand, reduce electricity usage and minimize peak to average (PAR) ratio with increased user comfort level. For this purpose, three evolutionary and iterative techniques were proposed as backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSOA), tabu search (TS) and their hybrid as tabu backtracking search optimization (TBSO) algorithm. Simulations were performed in MATLAB by using real time pricing (RTP) tariff for bill calculation. 9 household appliances were scheduled and results proved that our proposed hybrid technique outperforms the remaining two in terms of cost minimization.

JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 2016

This research is an attempt to explore students‟and teachers‟ attitude towards code alternation w... more This research is an attempt to explore students‟and teachers‟ attitude towards code alternation withinEnglish classrooms in Pakistan. In a country like Pakistanwhere official language is English, the national language isUrdu, and every province has its own language, most of thepeople are bilinguals or multilingual. Therefore, the aim ofthis study was to find out when and why teachers codeswitch in L2 English classrooms. It has also exploredstudent‟s preferences of language during learning secondlanguage. It has also looked into teachers‟ code-switchingpatterns and the students‟ priorities. Ten teachersresponded to an open ended questioner and 100 studentsresponded to a close ended questioner. Results of teacher‟sresponses indicated that they mostly code switch whenstudent‟s response in relation to the comprehensibility isnegative and they do not grasp the concepts easily in L2.They never encourage students to speak Urdu. Student‟sresults showed that they mostly prefer code-switching...