jai singh yadav - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by jai singh yadav

African Journal of Psychiatry, 2006

Whilst gains have been made in recent years in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, a ... more Whilst gains have been made in recent years in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, a number of patients still have residual symptoms and disabilities, or simply do not show response to antipsychotic medications. For such 'treatment resistant' patients, there is little by way of randomised controlled data to support any particular type of further intervention, but combinations of agents (combined antipsychotics, augmentation with mood stabilisers, antidepressants, and other agents)can show benefit in certain patients in certain domains of symptomatology and psychosocial functioning. Certain psychological and psychosocial treatment strategies can also be of benefit in this regard. This article selectively reviews the literature treatment resistance in schizophrenia, and emphasises the importance of an holistic approach to individual patients.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is a chronic psycho-physiological disorder. It is cons... more Background: Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is a chronic psycho-physiological disorder. It is considered to be the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, and about 50-90% of IBS patients have associated psychiatric co-morbidity. Aim and Objectives: To assess and compare the socio-demographic profile and co-occurring of the psychiatric co-morbidity between the groups of patients with IBS and health controls. Methods and materials: A Cross sectional comparative study was conducted during the period of June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 100 individuals (50 patients with IBS and 50 health controls) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule consisting of socio-demographic profile, Rome IV criteria to assess Symptoms and severity of irritable bowel syndrome, the Mini screen, PHQ-15,HAM-D, and HAM-A. The ICD-10 diagnostic criterion was used for the psychiatric disorder. The statistical test such mean, SD, and Chi-squire test and t-test were used to compare the groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23 software. Results: Mean age of our patients with IBS and healthy controls was 30.30±10.570 and 27.28±8.887 years, respectively. Males outnumbered females in our cases as well as their controls. There were common psychiatric disorders such as major depression, generalized anxiety disorders and mixed depression, social phobia, agora phobia, OCD, panic disorder and anorexia nervosa especially among patient with IBS. Co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders especially major depression, GAD, and mixed depression-anxiety was found significantly high (p<0.05) among patient with IBS compared to the healthy controls. Conclusions: Majority of the patient with IBS were found with psychiatric co-morbidity compared to the health controls.

Background: Adolescent age is a stage of several types of changes that affect all the domains suc... more Background: Adolescent age is a stage of several types of changes that affect all the domains such as physical, psychological, and social. At this age, every individual has to face several types of psycho-social stressors including academic pressure and examination stresses. The present study was planned to find two objectives; (i) to assess and compare the level of resilience and the prevalence of psychiatric distress between male and female exam going adolescents, and (ii) to assess the correlation between resilience and psychiatric distress. Material and Methods: It was based on a cross-sectional research design. A total of 100 respondents fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected from some selected schools in Varanasi district. All the selected respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic proforma, DASS-21, and Brief Resilience Scale. Results: Out of a total of 100 respondents 63 were male and the rests ...

Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2017

Therapies are termed as Complementary when used in addition to conventional treatments and as alt... more Therapies are termed as Complementary when used in addition to conventional treatments and as alternative when used instead of conventional treatment. These therapies are less researched than conventional therapies & some therapies have been continuing same concepts from ancient times. Both psychiatrist & physicians can use these therapies in conjunction with conventional treatment. In recent times, research has escalated in various modalities of complementary & alternative medicine, but further research is required testing their effectiveness & efficacy.(1) This review article aims at delineating various modalities of complimentary & alternative medicine.

Aim: Associations have been reported between aggression and psychoactive substance use. This stud... more Aim: Associations have been reported between aggression and psychoactive substance use. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and nature of aggressive incidents and to examine the factors associated with aggression in patients in a drug de-addiction unit. Method: Forms of aggression and their severity were assessed based on questions of Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). Data were collected from inpatients about the nature of their aggressive incident during a 12-month period. The characteristics of those patients involved in aggressive incidents were compared with those of others who had not been aggressive. Results: Fifty out of 83 patients admitted during this period were involved in some form of aggressive behaviour. Pattern of aggressive behaviour exhibited by patients were in the form of verbal aggression 60.24% (N=50); Object aggression 28.9% (N=24); Aggression toward other 32.53% (N=27) and Aggression toward self 2.41% (N=2). There were high correlations of one form of aggres...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021

Introduction: Motivational enhancement therapy is characterized as a directive, client-centered i... more Introduction: Motivational enhancement therapy is characterized as a directive, client-centered intervention which helps in modification of behavior by helping subjects in identifying and resolving the ambivalence toward a change in self. In order to free one from the vicious cycle of the alcohol trap one needs self-efficacy, which serves a protective role to prevent from relapses. The study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of MET on the self-efficacy of individuals pre and posttest with control design were applied. Methods: A total of 40 subjects, alcohol-dependent persons fulfilling International classification of Diseases-10 criteria were selected through purposive sampling method from Outdoor and Indoor Service of Psychiatry Department IMS BHU, Varanasi, were randomly divided into two groups. 1st group 20 subjects were given motivational enhancement therapy session for 10 sessions along with treatment as usual (MET + TAU), whereas 2nd group control group were given treatment as usual (TAU) at the end of intervention post level of self-efficacy were measured through self-efficacy scale. Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, Alcohol use disorder identification test, Self-Efficacy Scale as tools were used. Result: The result shows that the mean value of self-efficacy in (MET + TAU) group before intervention was 56.30 ± 2.99 and mean value of self-efficacy in (MET + TAU) after intervention was 60.75 ± 2.65 which shows significant difference is found in self-efficacy after intervention. Conclusion: Motivational enhancement therapy tries to decrease ambivalence so as to enhance the change in the subject's self-efficacy which assists the individuals in abstinence from alcohol.

Background: The prevalence of psychological problems may increase in the period of national and i... more Background: The prevalence of psychological problems may increase in the period of national and international health-related crises such as COVID-19. When the Lockdown is the only way to prevent people from this kind of infectious disease, in that case, direct social activities are banned by the government, and people have to stay at their homes. This may increase the use of the internet for virtual social contact. This may increase the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) among people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of IA among people living in Varanasi district during the Lockdown period due to the COVID-19 in India. A total of 350 respondents fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were contacted through telephonic call and massage with the help of volunteers living in the selected areas. An online semi-structured questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic variables and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was prepared with the hel...

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, 2020

Background: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders has been increasing day by day among students... more Background: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders has been increasing day by day among students. The students having poor academic performance are more prone to these disorders especially in developing countries like India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess and compare the socio-demographic profile and the psychological disturbance between male and female students attending mental health clinic due to poor academic performance. A total of 530 students fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed using a semistructured profroma and The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) English version 5.0.0. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software. The descriptive analysis was done using frequency, percentage mean, and standard deviation. The comparison and risk ratio was calculated using the chi-square test. Results: The majority of the respondents were male students 279 (52.61%) as compared to female students 251 (47.36%) in the present study. Most of them (approximately 45%) were from the age group 20-24 years. The major psychological disturbances were found such depression, anxiety, stress disorder, and suicide intend among the male and female students having poor academic problems. There was a significant difference (P<0.001, OR=0.205, 95% CI 0.130-0.323) in the risk of depression between male and female students. There were other psychological disturbances such as headache, dizziness, and behavioral problems also high among female students. However, sleep disturbance and addiction were found high among male students. Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that students attending mental health clinic due to poor academic performance are prone to psychological disturbances. The risk of depression was found significantly high among female students as compared to male students.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2019

Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has existed for over two decades in India. The mental health ne... more Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has existed for over two decades in India. The mental health needs of people infected with HIV has to be evaluated and looked after properly by mental health professionals. Aim and objectives: This study was carried out with the aim to find out psychiatric morbidity in patients infected with HIV so that a proper evaluation and comprehensive management can be planned to improve the overall quality of life of these people. Methodology: One hundred patients infected with HIV attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic, before starting ART, were included in the study. They were screened for presence of psychiatric morbidity on a structured proforma containing sociodemographic details, and inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The diagnosis of HIV positive was based on seropositive status of ELISA for HIV and psychiatric diagnosis was based on ICD-10. Rating scales (HAM-A, HAM-D, Y-BOCS, and BPRS) were used to assess the severity of the psychiatric illness. Chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for analysis of data. Results: Majority of the patients (42%) belonged to younger age group (21-30 years). Percentage of females (59%) infected with HIV was higher than males (41%). Most of the patients (71%) belonged to lower socioeconomic status and 92% got infection through sexual contact. Psychiatric morbidity was detected in 62% of the patients-40% had depressive episode, 12% had generalized anxiety disorder, and ten per cent had adjustment disorder. A positive correlation was observed between duration of illness and HAM-D score. Conclusion: High percentage (62%) of psychiatric morbidity in HIV positive patients indicates that psychiatric evaluation of HIV positive individuals must be carried out by expert mental health professionals and comprehensive management must be planned for better quality of life.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2016

Aims and objectives: Psychiatric co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associat... more Aims and objectives: Psychiatric co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with higher level of functional impairment and poor self-care. This study was carried out with the aim to find out existing psychiatric morbidity in newly detected diabetic patients who were not yet started on anti-diabetic medication so that proper evaluation of mental health and comprehensive management of both the conditions can be planned. Methodology: Hundred newly detected and diagnosed type 2 DM patients attending endocrinology and psychiatry outpatient departments

Non Cerebral Activities (NCA) can mimic almost any kind of cerebral electrical activity and lead ... more Non Cerebral Activities (NCA) can mimic almost any kind of cerebral electrical activity and lead to serious misinterpretation if artefact periods remain in the recording. We focused on NCA detection in EEG of Patients with Schizophrenia. Out of 35 schizophrenia patients the presence of muscle and eye blink artefacts were higher in there percentages i.e. 86% and 92%. Fifteen patients (42.8%) reported as EEG of doubtful significance, which is higher in psychiatric patient’s then general population of epileptics.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2015

Aims and objectives: Postpartum psychiatric disturbances pose a significant mental health problem... more Aims and objectives: Postpartum psychiatric disturbances pose a significant mental health problem in community because of their impact on parent-infant and couple relationship. This study was carried out with the aim to find out psychiatric morbidities in postpartum females during puerperium so that a proper assessment of mental health and comprehensive management can be planned. Methodology: Hundred females who had delivered in maternity ward of obstetrics and gynaecology

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2018

Aims and objective: The common psychological and emotional responses to cancer arise from knowled... more Aims and objective: The common psychological and emotional responses to cancer arise from knowledge of life threatening diagnosis, its prognostic uncertainty, and fear about death and dying. Carcinoma cervix (cervical cancer) is one of the major life threatening conditions in females and carries a risk of high mortality. This study was carried out with the aim to find out psychiatric morbidities in patients of carcinoma cervix so that a proper evaluation of their mental health and comprehensive management, and improving their quality of life can be planned. Methodology: One hundred female patients of age range between 31-65 years, recently diagnosed as carcinoma cervix were screened for psychiatric morbidity on a structured proforma containing socio-demographic details. The diagnosis and staging of carcinoma cervix was based on revised FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) and psychiatric diagnosis was made as per DSM-IV-TR. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive (Y-BOCS) were used to assess the severity of the psychiatric illness. Result: Majority of the patients belonged to age group 51-60 years. Most of them were Hindu, housewives, and belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Psychiatric morbidity was detected in 55% patients; majority of them having duration of cancer for less than six months. Twenty six per cent patients suffered from major depressive disorder, 17% had anxiety disorder, and eight per cent were detected as adjustment disorder with depressed mood while four per cent patients had only insomnia. Patients presenting in late stage of cancer had more severe psychiatric disturbances as compared to patients in early stage of cancer. Conclusion: Significant comorbid psychiatric illness was detected in patients of carcinoma cervix. The proper evaluation, identification, and management of associated psychiatric illness will improve the mental health and quality of life of patients suffering from carcinoma cervix.

Introduction-Tinnitus is perceived as a continuous buzzing, hissing or ringing in the ears and in... more Introduction-Tinnitus is perceived as a continuous buzzing, hissing or ringing in the ears and in some cases in head. One of common cause of subjective tinnitus is psychogenic. The high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients of tinnitus warrants a review of literature to shed light on the link between these diseases. Despite theoretical suggestions of a link between stress and tinnitus, this notion has received little empirical support. We conducted this study with aim to find out the psychological factors in patients suffering from psychogenic tinnitus. Methodology-Fifty patients with diagnosis of psychogenic tinnitus referred to psychiatry outpatient department underwent detailed psychiatric evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist. Psychiatric diagnoses were considered as per ICD-10 DCR criteria. Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess Depressive symptoms and Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses anxiety symptoms. Perceived Stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used asses the severity of Tinnitus. The statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 16) software. Results-Majority of patients reported difficulty in falling asleep (28%), Dizziness was reported by 20% of patients , 20% reported Headache, 16% reported Irritability, 8% reported difficulty in concentrating due to tinnitus, 3% patients were fearful about their illness. Most common psychiatric diagnosis in our study was anxiety disorders (18%), followed by Depressive disorder (14%). 3 (6%) Tinnitus patients also suffered from Somatoform Disorders. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation between visual analog scale annoyance, coping, distress, loudness scores and perceived stress scores Conclusion-This study has revealed significant psychological stress and psychiatric comorbidity associated with psychogenic tinnitus patients. Stress can be particularly related to aetiology as well as morbidity of psychogenic tinnitus.

International Journal of Research, 2020

Introduction- Reproductive failure or involuntary childlessness is a significant loss for both me... more Introduction- Reproductive failure or involuntary childlessness is a significant loss for both men and women worldwide. Infertility diagnosis can greatly impact the emotional functioning of the couples dealing with the problem. Most of studies focus on psychological problems of female with infertility, neglecting emotional needs of male partners. So we undertook this study with the aim to analysis the magnitude of depression, anxiety and stress among male partner of infertile couple and compare them with their female counterparts. Methodology- This cross-sectional descriptive study is based on the interview of the couples diagnosed with infertility coming for treatment in infertility clinic of Institute of Medical sciences, BHU , Varanasi. Fifty infertile couples (50 male & 50 female partners) underwent a detailed psychiatric evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist after written informed consent. Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D) (HDRS) was used to assess Depressive symptoms ...