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Conference Presentations by jamarosliza jamaluddin

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Study on Degree of Conversion of UV Curable Maleinated Acrylated Epoxidised Palm Oil Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Synthesised with Isobornyl Methacrylate Monomer via FTIR-ATR Analysis

UV curable PSA of maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil (MAEPO) from palm oil via UV LED lamp ... more UV curable PSA of maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil (MAEPO) from palm oil via UV LED lamp has been introduced with the existence of Chivacure 300 as photoinitiator. By involving the isobornyl methacrylate (ISBMA) as a monomer in the PSA formulation, the degree of conversion recorded low percentage of conversion, which was below 50 % although the loading of photoinitiator has been raised to 5 parts per hundred (phr). The ISBMA has affected to the slow curing speed on the maleinated PSA and restricted the conversion of C=C to more than 50 % even though the curing time and photoinitiator loading has been increased up to 300 min and 5 phr. It is expected that the double bonds are still present in the synthesised of PSA which indicated that most molecules were bonded at one end of another in methacrylate group. In the present study, real-time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to follow the crosslinking process of the adhesive and the adhesive properties of the cured coatings.

Papers by jamarosliza jamaluddin

Research paper thumbnail of The Effectiveness of UV-LED Photopolymerisation over Conventional UV-Mercury for Polyurethane Acrylate Coating

Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 2019

This paper presents the effect of UV-LED and UV-mercury as the light source toward curing behavio... more This paper presents the effect of UV-LED and UV-mercury as the light source toward curing behaviour of urethane acrylate coating. The UV-curable coating was prepared based on aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and commercial photoinitiator. The effect of irradiation time on curing behaviour was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the percentage of C=C conversion was calculated. From the ATR-FTIR spectra, the C=C absorption peak at 810 cm-1 and 1635 cm-1 was found to be decreased after UV irradiation, indicated the proceeding of the polymerisation reaction. In term of C=C conversion, UV-LED irradiation showed better results with 97-99% than UV-mercury irradiation which is 86-96%. It was also observed that the tackiness of the coating reduced via UV-LED irradiation, suggesting higher conversion of monomers. Gel fraction of the coating also measured and higher gel fraction values, > 98% in this study was associated with higher cross-linking density. The results of this study depicted that UV-LED is a viable alternative to replace UV-mercury-based lamp in the coating industry.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of different LDPE/starch content in thermmoformed food packaging product

With growing concern about the environmental pollution, the accumulation of plastic waste needs i... more With growing concern about the environmental pollution, the accumulation of plastic waste needs immediate resolution. As we all know, the earth today faces a great challenge in dealing with non-degradable plastic waste and for that reason, biodegradable plastics have been intensively studied in recent years. Biodegradable materials become an interest for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. This study focused on producing a biodegradable material by incorporating a non-degradable polymer that is low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with biodegradable natural polymer that is starch. The different starch contents at 10 and 20wt% were used in this study in producing thermoformed product for food packaging and the processing parameters for thermoforming were determined. The manipulated parameters were heating temperature of the thermoform equipments and the heating time obtained at range of 90-110oC and less than 5 minutes, respectively. Thermoforming technique was chosen due to brittleness of the material making it impossible for blow. Tests and characterizations were done on the product to study on its improve properties such as tensile test, DSC, UV radiation test and soil burial test. As the starch content increased, the tensile strength decreased, however the modulus of the composites increased. Nevertheless, yield strength was not significantly affected. UV-sunlight radiation and soil burial tests results in reduction of mechanical properties and weight loss showed that these effects speed up the biodegradation process.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation of Poly (Styrene) Grafted Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber and Its Application as a Filler for High Impact Poly (Styrene) Composites

Research paper thumbnail of Properties of UV-curable solvent-free pressure sensitive adhesive

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2013

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate ... more ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), difunctional silicone urethane acrylate oligomer, and UV-dose on the adhesive properties of UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were investigated, for further optimizing the adhesive properties to meet the requirements on high holding power and low peel strength. The results illustrated that increasing the MMA content decreased the peel strength and improved the holding power. The variation of TMPTA content from 1 to 10 wt% significantly enhanced the holding power from 1 h to above 120 h. The gel fraction increased with increasing TMPTA content. This increment was caused by the cross-linking of TMPTA after UV exposure. The peel strength of UV-curable PSAs was reduced to zero when oligomer content was more than 40 wt%, whereas the holding power was signifi-cantly enhanced from 5 h to above 120 h as the oligomer content increased up to 70 wt%. When the UV-dose increased, the peel strength decreased and the holding power increased. Therefore, UV-curable PSAs with very low peel strength and high holding power above 120 h were successfully synthesized and they possessed desirable features which could be fabricated to meet the specific requirements for industrial applications.

Research paper thumbnail of UV-LED as a New Emerging Tool for Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Hydrophobic Coating

Polymers, 2021

The elimination of mercury, low energy consumption, and low heat make the ultraviolet light-emitt... more The elimination of mercury, low energy consumption, and low heat make the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) system emerge as a promising alternative to conventional UV-mercury radiation coating. Hence, a series of hydrophobic coatings based on urethane acrylate oligomer and fluorinated monomer via UV-LED photopolymerisation was designed in this paper. The presence of fluorine component at 1160 cm−1, 1235 cm−1, and 1296 cm−1 was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. A considerably high degree C=C conversion (96–98%) and gel fraction (95–93%) verified the application of UV-LED as a new technique in radiation coating. It is well-accepted that fluorinated monomer can change the surface wettability as the water contact angle of the coating evolved from 88.4° to 121.2°, which, in turn, reduced its surface free energy by 70.5%. Hence, the hydrophobicity of the coating was governed by the migration of the fluorine component to the coating surface as validated by sca...

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Study on Degree of Conversion of UV Curable Maleinated Acrylated Epoxidised Palm Oil Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Synthesised with Isobornyl Methacrylate Monomer via FTIR-ATR Analysis

UV curable PSA of maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil (MAEPO) from palm oil via UV LED lamp ... more UV curable PSA of maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil (MAEPO) from palm oil via UV LED lamp has been introduced with the existence of Chivacure 300 as photoinitiator. By involving the isobornyl methacrylate (ISBMA) as a monomer in the PSA formulation, the degree of conversion recorded low percentage of conversion, which was below 50 % although the loading of photoinitiator has been raised to 5 parts per hundred (phr). The ISBMA has affected to the slow curing speed on the maleinated PSA and restricted the conversion of C=C to more than 50 % even though the curing time and photoinitiator loading has been increased up to 300 min and 5 phr. It is expected that the double bonds are still present in the synthesised of PSA which indicated that most molecules were bonded at one end of another in methacrylate group. In the present study, real-time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to follow the crosslinking process of the adhesive and the adhesive properties of the cured coatings.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effectiveness of UV-LED Photopolymerisation over Conventional UV-Mercury for Polyurethane Acrylate Coating

Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 2019

This paper presents the effect of UV-LED and UV-mercury as the light source toward curing behavio... more This paper presents the effect of UV-LED and UV-mercury as the light source toward curing behaviour of urethane acrylate coating. The UV-curable coating was prepared based on aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and commercial photoinitiator. The effect of irradiation time on curing behaviour was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the percentage of C=C conversion was calculated. From the ATR-FTIR spectra, the C=C absorption peak at 810 cm-1 and 1635 cm-1 was found to be decreased after UV irradiation, indicated the proceeding of the polymerisation reaction. In term of C=C conversion, UV-LED irradiation showed better results with 97-99% than UV-mercury irradiation which is 86-96%. It was also observed that the tackiness of the coating reduced via UV-LED irradiation, suggesting higher conversion of monomers. Gel fraction of the coating also measured and higher gel fraction values, > 98% in this study was associated with higher cross-linking density. The results of this study depicted that UV-LED is a viable alternative to replace UV-mercury-based lamp in the coating industry.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of different LDPE/starch content in thermmoformed food packaging product

With growing concern about the environmental pollution, the accumulation of plastic waste needs i... more With growing concern about the environmental pollution, the accumulation of plastic waste needs immediate resolution. As we all know, the earth today faces a great challenge in dealing with non-degradable plastic waste and for that reason, biodegradable plastics have been intensively studied in recent years. Biodegradable materials become an interest for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. This study focused on producing a biodegradable material by incorporating a non-degradable polymer that is low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with biodegradable natural polymer that is starch. The different starch contents at 10 and 20wt% were used in this study in producing thermoformed product for food packaging and the processing parameters for thermoforming were determined. The manipulated parameters were heating temperature of the thermoform equipments and the heating time obtained at range of 90-110oC and less than 5 minutes, respectively. Thermoforming technique was chosen due to brittleness of the material making it impossible for blow. Tests and characterizations were done on the product to study on its improve properties such as tensile test, DSC, UV radiation test and soil burial test. As the starch content increased, the tensile strength decreased, however the modulus of the composites increased. Nevertheless, yield strength was not significantly affected. UV-sunlight radiation and soil burial tests results in reduction of mechanical properties and weight loss showed that these effects speed up the biodegradation process.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation of Poly (Styrene) Grafted Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber and Its Application as a Filler for High Impact Poly (Styrene) Composites

Research paper thumbnail of Properties of UV-curable solvent-free pressure sensitive adhesive

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2013

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate ... more ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), difunctional silicone urethane acrylate oligomer, and UV-dose on the adhesive properties of UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were investigated, for further optimizing the adhesive properties to meet the requirements on high holding power and low peel strength. The results illustrated that increasing the MMA content decreased the peel strength and improved the holding power. The variation of TMPTA content from 1 to 10 wt% significantly enhanced the holding power from 1 h to above 120 h. The gel fraction increased with increasing TMPTA content. This increment was caused by the cross-linking of TMPTA after UV exposure. The peel strength of UV-curable PSAs was reduced to zero when oligomer content was more than 40 wt%, whereas the holding power was signifi-cantly enhanced from 5 h to above 120 h as the oligomer content increased up to 70 wt%. When the UV-dose increased, the peel strength decreased and the holding power increased. Therefore, UV-curable PSAs with very low peel strength and high holding power above 120 h were successfully synthesized and they possessed desirable features which could be fabricated to meet the specific requirements for industrial applications.

Research paper thumbnail of UV-LED as a New Emerging Tool for Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Hydrophobic Coating

Polymers, 2021

The elimination of mercury, low energy consumption, and low heat make the ultraviolet light-emitt... more The elimination of mercury, low energy consumption, and low heat make the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) system emerge as a promising alternative to conventional UV-mercury radiation coating. Hence, a series of hydrophobic coatings based on urethane acrylate oligomer and fluorinated monomer via UV-LED photopolymerisation was designed in this paper. The presence of fluorine component at 1160 cm−1, 1235 cm−1, and 1296 cm−1 was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. A considerably high degree C=C conversion (96–98%) and gel fraction (95–93%) verified the application of UV-LED as a new technique in radiation coating. It is well-accepted that fluorinated monomer can change the surface wettability as the water contact angle of the coating evolved from 88.4° to 121.2°, which, in turn, reduced its surface free energy by 70.5%. Hence, the hydrophobicity of the coating was governed by the migration of the fluorine component to the coating surface as validated by sca...