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Research paper thumbnail of Assessing chronic fatigue syndrome: Self-reported physical functioning and correlations with physical testing

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies Available online 16 March 2019, 2019

The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains unclear; no biomarkers have thus fa... more The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains unclear; no biomarkers have thus far been identified or physical tests designed to underpin its diagnosis. Assessment mainly uses Fukuda's criteria and is based on the exclusion of symptoms related to other diseases/syndromes, subjective self-reporting, and outcomes of self-report questionnaires. In order to improve the baseline assessment and progress evaluation of
individuals suspected of CFS and using an association-oriented research strategy and a cross-correlational design, this study investigates possible associations between the performance on two physical tests, i.e. ‘Timed Loaded Standing’ (TLS), assessing trunk-arm endurance, and the ‘Stops Walking with Eyes Closed while performing a secondary Cognitive Task’ (SWECCT), measuring impaired automaticity of gait, and the results of two
self-report questionnaires, the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS, total score and fatigue subscale score) and the physical functioning and vitality subscales of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to gauge the participants' subjective feelings of fatigue and beliefs regarding
their abilities to perform daily-life activities. Comparisons of the outcomes obtained in 27 female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CFS revealed that trunk-arm endurance as measured with the TLS correlated with the SF-36 physical functioning subscale only (raw p value: 0.004). None of the other correlations were statistically significant. It is concluded that the TLS may have potential as an objective assessment tool to support the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effects in CFS.

Research paper thumbnail of Reduced gait automaticity in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Case-control study

Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development (JRRD), 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report difficulties walking for a prolonged period o... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report difficulties walking for a prolonged period of time. This study compares gait automaticity between women with CFS and nondisabled controls. The "stops walking with eyes closed with secondary cognitive task" test is based on the classic "stops walking while talking" test but compares walking with eyes closed while performing a secondary cognitive task in a female CFS population (n = 34) and in female nondisabled controls (n = 38). When initiating gate, 23.5% of patients with CFS looked toward the ground compared with only 2.6% of nondisabled controls. After 7 m, subjects were asked to close their eyes, and after another 7 m, they were asked, "How much is 100 minus 7?" Of the patients with CFS, 55.9% stopped walking compared with 5.3% of nondisabled controls. Less automated walking was observed in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability is moderate for global stopping. This simple test observed reduced gait automaticity in patients with CFS for the first time. Dual tasking could be helpful to address the functional limitations found in this particular study.

Research paper thumbnail of Timed loaded standing in female chronic fatigue syndrome compared with other populations

Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development (JRRD), 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar diffi... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar difficulties in standing and sitting. The aim of the study was to compare combined trunk and arm endurance among women with CFS (n = 72), women with osteoporosis (n = 30), nondisabled women (n = 55), and women from non-industrialized countries (n = 58) using the timed loaded standing (TLS) test. TLS measures how long a person can hold a 1 kg dumbbell in each hand in front of him or her with straight arms. TLS was higher in the industrialized nondisabled population than in the non-industrialized study population (p < 0.001) and in patients with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). TLS was lower in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, body height, and weight, combined trunk and arm endurance was lower in CFS patients than in osteoporotic patients, even though the patients with osteoporosis were more than 25 yr older (p < 0.001). In CFS, TLS was lower than in the non-industrialized group (p = 0.02). Since only women were studied, external validity of the results is limited to adult female patients with CFS. TLS revealed a specific biomechanical weakness in CFS patients that can be taken into account from the onset of a rehabilitation program. We propose that influencing the quality, rather than the quantity, of movement could be used in the rehabilitation. Abstract corrected from original 11/5/15: Erratum in 52(7) JRRD 2015. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, CFS = chronic fatigue syndrome, TLS = timed loaded standing.

Papers by Jan B Eyskens

Research paper thumbnail of Timed loaded standing in female chronic fatigue syndrome compared with other populations

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar diffi... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar difficulties in standing and sitting. The aim of the study was to compare combined trunk and arm endurance among women with CFS (n = 72), women with osteoporosis (n = 30), nondisabled women (n = 55), and women from non-industrialized countries (n = 58) using the timed loaded standing (TLS) test. TLS measures how long a person can hold a 1 kg dumbbell in each hand in front of him or her with straight arms. TLS was higher in the industrialized nondisabled population than in the non-industrialized study population (p < 0.001) and in patients with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). TLS was lower in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, body height, and weight, combined trunk and arm endurance was lower in CFS patients than in osteoporotic patients, even though the patients with osteoporosis were more than 25 yr older (p < 0.001). In CFS, TLS was lower than in the non-industrialized group (p = 0.02). Since only women were studied, external validity of the results is limited to adult female patients with CFS. TLS revealed a specific biomechanical weakness in CFS patients that can be taken into account from the onset of a rehabilitation program. We propose that influencing the quality, rather than the quantity, of movement could be used in the rehabilitation.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Self-Reported Physical Functioning and Correlations with Physical Testing

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of A Policy for the Re-Activation of Long COVID-19 Patients

International Journal of Case Studies, 2022

A similarity of symptoms and dysfunction is clinically observed between Long COVID-19 patients an... more A similarity of symptoms and dysfunction is clinically observed between Long COVID-19 patients and patients with autonomic dysfunctions, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. The content of the proposed bio-psychosocial case management rehabilitation program is based on the muscle fiber type composition, a novel policy aimed at priming Type-1 muscle fibers, the energy-saving function of the ligamentum nuchae, and the influence of viruses on movement patterns. The start of the program addresses how to move safely, utilizing strategies involving neuromuscular efficiency, while later, moving more. If needed, getting stronger is the third step. These three steps are aimed at structural recovery, improving quality of life and social cohesion. Getting back to work and normal lifestyle is always the end goal that is kept in mind, depending on the age of the patient. Patients are reevaluated using physical functions of some global, regional, and local anatomical areas. The inclusion and exclusion criteria at the intake are based on objectification of physical functions and some questionnaires. The program can be offered to individuals or in a group, either by direct interaction or by video call.

Research paper thumbnail of A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model

Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of ... more Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model. Ann Anesth Pain Med 2020; 3(1): 1007.

Research paper thumbnail of Reduced gait automaticity in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Case-control study

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A student initiative to improve exposure in research – Dual benefit?

Purpose Despite the recent implementation of research-focused activities into undergraduate educa... more Purpose Despite the recent implementation of research-focused activities into undergraduate education, there is still a universal lack of offered exposure experienced by medical students. We organised an undergraduate research conference to explore students' views on research and evaluate the impact of the conference on participants' and organisers’ research skills and non-technical skills respectively. Methods The conference was a student-led initiative which took place at a London medical school. Feedback from delegates was collected before and after the conference and aimed to evaluate previous experience and views in research, subjective assessment of relevant skills and the overall quality of the conference. Subjective change in organisers’ non-technical skill performance was also evaluated using an online questionnaire following the conference. Results Forty-four students attended the conference, out of which only 3 (7.7%) have published in an international peer-review...

Research paper thumbnail of A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model

Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of ... more Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model. Ann Anesth Pain Med 2020; 3(1): 1007.

Research paper thumbnail of De behandeling van CVS in de eerste lijn: uitdaging of verplicht nummer?

Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te bege... more Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te begeleiden. Op dit moment ontbreekt een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde aanbeveling voor de aanpak van patiënten met chronische vermoeidheid in de eerste lijn. In dit artikel willen we enkele methoden aanreiken die de begeleiding van patiënten met langdurende vermoeidheid kunnen vormgeven. Er wordt ingegaan op het belang van interdisciplinaire samenwerking, bijvoorbeeld met een in deze materie ervaren kinesist. Bedoeling is om aan de hand van dit artikel beide beroepsgroepen, huisartsen en kinesisten, warm te maken voor de aanpak van deze bijzondere groep patiënten.

Research paper thumbnail of DE BEHANDELING VAN CVS IN DE EERSTE LIJN Uitdaging of verplicht nummer?

Huisarts Nu december 2010; 39(10), 2010

Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te bege... more Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te begeleiden. Op dit moment ontbreekt een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde aanbeveling voor de aanpak van patiënten met chronische vermoeidheid in de eerste lijn.
In dit artikel willen we enkele methoden aanreiken die de begeleiding
van patiënten met langdurende vermoeidheid kunnen vormgeven.
Er wordt ingegaan op het belang van interdisciplinaire samenwerking, bijvoorbeeld met een in deze materie ervaren kinesist. Bedoeling is om aan de hand van dit artikel beide beroepsgroepen, huisartsen en kinesisten, warm te maken voor de aanpak van deze bijzondere groep patiënten.

Research paper thumbnail of Op zoek naar een consensus model voor de aanpak van rugpijn.

FYSISCHE THERAPIE 1/2000, 2000

Een klacht, een letsel, een therapie. De gestadige vooruitgang van de laatste 30 jaar in het begr... more Een klacht, een letsel, een therapie.
De gestadige vooruitgang van de laatste 30 jaar in het begrijpen van rugletsels en hun biomechanica heeft paradoxaal genoeg niet bijgedragen tot een daling van de incidentie van lage rugklachten. Invaliditeit en uitkeringen omwille van rugklachten nemen integendeel steeds meer in het oog springende proporties aan.
Organische letsels, zoals radiologisch uitgesproken discusproblemen vertalen zich niet altijd in evenredige symptomen en/of functionele problematiek (G. Waddell - 1998).
De bevindingen op CT - of MRI - onderzoek of bij operatief ingrijpen, zijn bij uitgesproken functionele klachten vaak weinig bevestigend.

Research paper thumbnail of Op zoek naar een rationele revalidatie van langdurig vermoeide patiënten.

FYSISCHE THERAPIE 3/2000, 2000

Langdurige moeheid als primaire klacht komt meer en meer voor. Een eenduidige oorzaak en behandel... more Langdurige moeheid als primaire klacht komt meer en meer voor. Een eenduidige oorzaak en behandeling is nog niet gevonden. De diagnose laat dikwijls lang op zich wachten. Om ondertussen verdere deconditionering en
sociale vereenzaming te voorkomen, moet er snel gestart worden met een
revalidatieprogramma. De vraag stelt zich echter hoe en op welke manier.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing chronic fatigue syndrome: Self-reported physical functioning and correlations with physical testing

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies Available online 16 March 2019, 2019

The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains unclear; no biomarkers have thus fa... more The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains unclear; no biomarkers have thus far been identified or physical tests designed to underpin its diagnosis. Assessment mainly uses Fukuda's criteria and is based on the exclusion of symptoms related to other diseases/syndromes, subjective self-reporting, and outcomes of self-report questionnaires. In order to improve the baseline assessment and progress evaluation of
individuals suspected of CFS and using an association-oriented research strategy and a cross-correlational design, this study investigates possible associations between the performance on two physical tests, i.e. ‘Timed Loaded Standing’ (TLS), assessing trunk-arm endurance, and the ‘Stops Walking with Eyes Closed while performing a secondary Cognitive Task’ (SWECCT), measuring impaired automaticity of gait, and the results of two
self-report questionnaires, the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS, total score and fatigue subscale score) and the physical functioning and vitality subscales of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to gauge the participants' subjective feelings of fatigue and beliefs regarding
their abilities to perform daily-life activities. Comparisons of the outcomes obtained in 27 female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CFS revealed that trunk-arm endurance as measured with the TLS correlated with the SF-36 physical functioning subscale only (raw p value: 0.004). None of the other correlations were statistically significant. It is concluded that the TLS may have potential as an objective assessment tool to support the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effects in CFS.

Research paper thumbnail of Reduced gait automaticity in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Case-control study

Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development (JRRD), 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report difficulties walking for a prolonged period o... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report difficulties walking for a prolonged period of time. This study compares gait automaticity between women with CFS and nondisabled controls. The "stops walking with eyes closed with secondary cognitive task" test is based on the classic "stops walking while talking" test but compares walking with eyes closed while performing a secondary cognitive task in a female CFS population (n = 34) and in female nondisabled controls (n = 38). When initiating gate, 23.5% of patients with CFS looked toward the ground compared with only 2.6% of nondisabled controls. After 7 m, subjects were asked to close their eyes, and after another 7 m, they were asked, "How much is 100 minus 7?" Of the patients with CFS, 55.9% stopped walking compared with 5.3% of nondisabled controls. Less automated walking was observed in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability is moderate for global stopping. This simple test observed reduced gait automaticity in patients with CFS for the first time. Dual tasking could be helpful to address the functional limitations found in this particular study.

Research paper thumbnail of Timed loaded standing in female chronic fatigue syndrome compared with other populations

Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development (JRRD), 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar diffi... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar difficulties in standing and sitting. The aim of the study was to compare combined trunk and arm endurance among women with CFS (n = 72), women with osteoporosis (n = 30), nondisabled women (n = 55), and women from non-industrialized countries (n = 58) using the timed loaded standing (TLS) test. TLS measures how long a person can hold a 1 kg dumbbell in each hand in front of him or her with straight arms. TLS was higher in the industrialized nondisabled population than in the non-industrialized study population (p < 0.001) and in patients with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). TLS was lower in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, body height, and weight, combined trunk and arm endurance was lower in CFS patients than in osteoporotic patients, even though the patients with osteoporosis were more than 25 yr older (p < 0.001). In CFS, TLS was lower than in the non-industrialized group (p = 0.02). Since only women were studied, external validity of the results is limited to adult female patients with CFS. TLS revealed a specific biomechanical weakness in CFS patients that can be taken into account from the onset of a rehabilitation program. We propose that influencing the quality, rather than the quantity, of movement could be used in the rehabilitation. Abstract corrected from original 11/5/15: Erratum in 52(7) JRRD 2015. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, CFS = chronic fatigue syndrome, TLS = timed loaded standing.

Research paper thumbnail of Timed loaded standing in female chronic fatigue syndrome compared with other populations

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2015

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar diffi... more Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), like patients with osteoporosis, have similar difficulties in standing and sitting. The aim of the study was to compare combined trunk and arm endurance among women with CFS (n = 72), women with osteoporosis (n = 30), nondisabled women (n = 55), and women from non-industrialized countries (n = 58) using the timed loaded standing (TLS) test. TLS measures how long a person can hold a 1 kg dumbbell in each hand in front of him or her with straight arms. TLS was higher in the industrialized nondisabled population than in the non-industrialized study population (p < 0.001) and in patients with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). TLS was lower in patients with CFS than in nondisabled controls (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, body height, and weight, combined trunk and arm endurance was lower in CFS patients than in osteoporotic patients, even though the patients with osteoporosis were more than 25 yr older (p < 0.001). In CFS, TLS was lower than in the non-industrialized group (p = 0.02). Since only women were studied, external validity of the results is limited to adult female patients with CFS. TLS revealed a specific biomechanical weakness in CFS patients that can be taken into account from the onset of a rehabilitation program. We propose that influencing the quality, rather than the quantity, of movement could be used in the rehabilitation.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Self-Reported Physical Functioning and Correlations with Physical Testing

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of A Policy for the Re-Activation of Long COVID-19 Patients

International Journal of Case Studies, 2022

A similarity of symptoms and dysfunction is clinically observed between Long COVID-19 patients an... more A similarity of symptoms and dysfunction is clinically observed between Long COVID-19 patients and patients with autonomic dysfunctions, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. The content of the proposed bio-psychosocial case management rehabilitation program is based on the muscle fiber type composition, a novel policy aimed at priming Type-1 muscle fibers, the energy-saving function of the ligamentum nuchae, and the influence of viruses on movement patterns. The start of the program addresses how to move safely, utilizing strategies involving neuromuscular efficiency, while later, moving more. If needed, getting stronger is the third step. These three steps are aimed at structural recovery, improving quality of life and social cohesion. Getting back to work and normal lifestyle is always the end goal that is kept in mind, depending on the age of the patient. Patients are reevaluated using physical functions of some global, regional, and local anatomical areas. The inclusion and exclusion criteria at the intake are based on objectification of physical functions and some questionnaires. The program can be offered to individuals or in a group, either by direct interaction or by video call.

Research paper thumbnail of A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model

Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of ... more Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model. Ann Anesth Pain Med 2020; 3(1): 1007.

Research paper thumbnail of Reduced gait automaticity in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Case-control study

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A student initiative to improve exposure in research – Dual benefit?

Purpose Despite the recent implementation of research-focused activities into undergraduate educa... more Purpose Despite the recent implementation of research-focused activities into undergraduate education, there is still a universal lack of offered exposure experienced by medical students. We organised an undergraduate research conference to explore students' views on research and evaluate the impact of the conference on participants' and organisers’ research skills and non-technical skills respectively. Methods The conference was a student-led initiative which took place at a London medical school. Feedback from delegates was collected before and after the conference and aimed to evaluate previous experience and views in research, subjective assessment of relevant skills and the overall quality of the conference. Subjective change in organisers’ non-technical skill performance was also evaluated using an online questionnaire following the conference. Results Forty-four students attended the conference, out of which only 3 (7.7%) have published in an international peer-review...

Research paper thumbnail of A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model

Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of ... more Cite this article: Eyskens Jb, De Nil L, Staring J. A tool to reorient physiotherapy: The use of the field model. Ann Anesth Pain Med 2020; 3(1): 1007.

Research paper thumbnail of De behandeling van CVS in de eerste lijn: uitdaging of verplicht nummer?

Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te bege... more Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te begeleiden. Op dit moment ontbreekt een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde aanbeveling voor de aanpak van patiënten met chronische vermoeidheid in de eerste lijn. In dit artikel willen we enkele methoden aanreiken die de begeleiding van patiënten met langdurende vermoeidheid kunnen vormgeven. Er wordt ingegaan op het belang van interdisciplinaire samenwerking, bijvoorbeeld met een in deze materie ervaren kinesist. Bedoeling is om aan de hand van dit artikel beide beroepsgroepen, huisartsen en kinesisten, warm te maken voor de aanpak van deze bijzondere groep patiënten.

Research paper thumbnail of DE BEHANDELING VAN CVS IN DE EERSTE LIJN Uitdaging of verplicht nummer?

Huisarts Nu december 2010; 39(10), 2010

Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te bege... more Huisartsen ervaren vaak terughoudendheid om patiënten met chronischevermoeidheidsklachten te begeleiden. Op dit moment ontbreekt een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde aanbeveling voor de aanpak van patiënten met chronische vermoeidheid in de eerste lijn.
In dit artikel willen we enkele methoden aanreiken die de begeleiding
van patiënten met langdurende vermoeidheid kunnen vormgeven.
Er wordt ingegaan op het belang van interdisciplinaire samenwerking, bijvoorbeeld met een in deze materie ervaren kinesist. Bedoeling is om aan de hand van dit artikel beide beroepsgroepen, huisartsen en kinesisten, warm te maken voor de aanpak van deze bijzondere groep patiënten.

Research paper thumbnail of Op zoek naar een consensus model voor de aanpak van rugpijn.

FYSISCHE THERAPIE 1/2000, 2000

Een klacht, een letsel, een therapie. De gestadige vooruitgang van de laatste 30 jaar in het begr... more Een klacht, een letsel, een therapie.
De gestadige vooruitgang van de laatste 30 jaar in het begrijpen van rugletsels en hun biomechanica heeft paradoxaal genoeg niet bijgedragen tot een daling van de incidentie van lage rugklachten. Invaliditeit en uitkeringen omwille van rugklachten nemen integendeel steeds meer in het oog springende proporties aan.
Organische letsels, zoals radiologisch uitgesproken discusproblemen vertalen zich niet altijd in evenredige symptomen en/of functionele problematiek (G. Waddell - 1998).
De bevindingen op CT - of MRI - onderzoek of bij operatief ingrijpen, zijn bij uitgesproken functionele klachten vaak weinig bevestigend.

Research paper thumbnail of Op zoek naar een rationele revalidatie van langdurig vermoeide patiënten.

FYSISCHE THERAPIE 3/2000, 2000

Langdurige moeheid als primaire klacht komt meer en meer voor. Een eenduidige oorzaak en behandel... more Langdurige moeheid als primaire klacht komt meer en meer voor. Een eenduidige oorzaak en behandeling is nog niet gevonden. De diagnose laat dikwijls lang op zich wachten. Om ondertussen verdere deconditionering en
sociale vereenzaming te voorkomen, moet er snel gestart worden met een
revalidatieprogramma. De vraag stelt zich echter hoe en op welke manier.