jaonan cheng - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by jaonan cheng
In recent years, instances of deviant student behavior have become more serious. Using attachment... more In recent years, instances of deviant student behavior have become more serious. Using attachment theory and social control theory, as well as the parent-child and teacher-student relationship, this research probed into deviant behavior. This research aimed to identify the more significant influence (teachers or parents) on students, in order to indicate the effect of teachers and parents on students’ behavior. It compared the influences of the teacher-student relationship, the parent-child relationship and social control on students’ deviant behavior. Results showed that parent-child relationships and teacher-student relationships negatively influence deviant behavior. However, in comparison to the parent-child relationship, the teacher-student relationship has a more significant influence on deviant behavior. Further examination of the influence of social control indicated that the main factors of students’ deviant behavior are social control, the teacher-student relationship, and...
Under the influence of folk beliefs, Chinese society believes that good deeds yield good results,... more Under the influence of folk beliefs, Chinese society believes that good deeds yield good results, and that people must accumulate virtue and practice goodness to secure fortune for themselves and their posterity. At school, Buddhist charity organizations promote practicing good deeds and accumulating virtue. Through organizational socialization, Chinese school culture has gradually evinced the culture of accumulated virtue and kind deeds. This study used literature review to construct a culture of accumulated virtue and kind deed scale and other school culture scales. Teacher efficacy and organizational commitment were utilized as indicators for examination, using stratified cluster random sampling of 1318 teachers. After factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis, the research findings showed that Chinese school culture includes a supportive culture, a learning culture, an innovative culture, and the culture of accumulated virtue and kind deeds. Compared...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
In this study 732 Taiwanese kindergarten teachers, divided into 4 regional areas: northern, centr... more In this study 732 Taiwanese kindergarten teachers, divided into 4 regional areas: northern, central, southern, and eastern, completed a questionnaire about their work performance and how it is affected by principals' leadership behaviors. Regression and structural equation modeling analysis showed that the use of empathetic concern by kindergarten principals had a positive effect on teachers' work performance. Although assertive orders were found to have a positive influence, the correlation with work performance was lower than that with empathetic concern. Rewards and punishments had no significant effect on improving teachers' work performance. Emotion-based leadership in the form of showing empathetic concern could be used to improve kindergarten teachers' work performance.
Sch Effectiveness Sch Improv, 2011
Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine ... more Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine how to deal with events, which raises a number of questions. How can the directors of early education institutions incorporate feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations into their management? How can they enhance the job performance of teachers? This study sampled 1,058 subjects from public and private kindergartens, using structural
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2012
Private Taiwanese kindergarten management personnel contend that it is difficult to attract stude... more Private Taiwanese kindergarten management personnel contend that it is difficult to attract students; and that they must perform better than public kindergartens to recruit and retain teachers. The focus in this study was to determine the best way to recruit and retain teachers with superior performances. We surveyed private teachers from 23 cities and counties in Taiwan, obtaining 732 valid samples. The results show that contemporary teachers have more education, are younger, and tend to focus on urbanized job searches through formal channels, such as newspapers, network bulletins, posters, and human resource banks. The extent of understanding the prospective job is a primary factor in predicting teachers' performance and satisfaction, which can decrease teachers' turnover intentions. Teachers recruited through formal channels had higher turnover intentions; however, their job performances showed no significant differences compared to informal channels, which suggests that ...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2012
In recent years, there has been an increase in deviant behaviors of students in Japan and Taiwan.... more In recent years, there has been an increase in deviant behaviors of students in Japan and Taiwan. The similarities and differences between the deviant behaviors of students in these 2 countries were investigated. A total of 516 and 476 valid questionnaires were obtained from Taiwan and Japan, respectively, in this study. Results indicated that there were fewer deviant behaviors among students in Taiwan than in Japan. Social control, authoritative teacher discipline, and parents' laissez-faire parenting were common factors implicated in deviant behaviors of students in both countries. The factor most frequently affecting the deviant behaviors of Japanese students was social control. For Taiwanese students authoritative teacher discipline was the factor with the greatest effect.
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2014
My main purpose in this study was to investigate school principals' approaches to dealing wit... more My main purpose in this study was to investigate school principals' approaches to dealing with incompetent teachers and the effects of such approaches. I conducted a survey with 2,180 elementary and junior-high school principals and teachers in Taiwan. The results revealed that, besides using active approaches of encouragement and assistance, soliciting support from senior teachers to invite incompetent teachers to join their teaching teams to improve teaching skills, and initiating a process of teaching improvement, school principals should also show tolerance with incompetent teachers. The use of 2 approaches concurrently was found to be more effective than using just 1 approach in dealing with incompetent teachers. According to structural equation modeling, the 3 following approaches should be involved in, and may improve, the effectiveness of dealing with incompetent teachers: minimizing the difference in principals' and teachers' attitude toward dealing with incompe...
School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2012
Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine ... more Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine how to deal with events, which raises a number of questions. How can the directors of early education institutions incorporate feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations into their management? How can they enhance the job performance of teachers? This study sampled 1,058 subjects from public and private kindergartens, using structural
Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 2011
ABSTRACT Some studies in Taiwan have shown that attitudes of ‘sympathy and caring’ benefit teache... more ABSTRACT Some studies in Taiwan have shown that attitudes of ‘sympathy and caring’ benefit teachers’ job performances; however, the Tzu Chi Merit Society’s leadership deeply values the effects of the creation of accumulated virtues of kindness, as displayed in a teacher’s performance. Therefore, this study explores which behaviors, namely, “accumulated virtues of kindness” or “sympathy and caring” has the greater influence on job performance. The researchers consider that the administrative leaders’ behaviors also affect performance; however, subjective perceptions of job value may provide greater benefits, and thus, are included in this analysis. As accumulated virtues of kindness are not the norm in Taiwanese schools, long-term planning was required to enlist the assistance of schools to join this study. However, 6 schools agree to participate, including 157 teachers, resulting in 143valid samples being collected. Upon conducting the above leadership behaviors over a 4 month duration, the results show that the “accumulated virtues of kindness”, as demonstrated by the school’s principles’ behaviors, had positive influences upon task performance and contextual performance; whereas, ‘sympathy and care’ had no remarkable effects. As ‘kindness and accumulative virtue’ is not yet explored in Taiwan, the researchers conducted almost 4 months of remarkable effects on job performance in order to obtain research values. However, upon analysis of ‘teachers’ perceived job value’ regarding the study topic, this paper discovered that the ‘accumulated virtues of kindness’ behaviors did not have positive influence on job performance, which is the main factor of job performance in this study.
Creative Education, 2013
Many kindergartens have been affected by declining birthrates, and it has become difficult for th... more Many kindergartens have been affected by declining birthrates, and it has become difficult for them to recruit students. Due to the consideration of costs and benefits, some have had to lay off teachers to maintain operational benefits. This study focused on the types of layoff decisions made by kindergarten operators, as well as which types of layoff decisions would better benefit kindergarten competitiveness and effectiveness. Using the decision model by Husted and Allen (2008) as the foundation, this study divided layoff decisions into the ability approach, the public good approach, and the care approach, as well as in-group favoritism decisions, based on a literature review. On one hand, it analyzed the differences between various types of kindergartens in making layoff decisions, and on the other hand it explored the effect of different layoff decisions on kindergarten competitiveness and effectiveness. This study extracted 205 managers of kindergartens from the 23 cities and counties of Taiwan for questionnaire surveys. The research results showed that the layoff decisions of kindergarten principals in Taiwan were generally inclined toward the ability approach and public good decisions, while in-group favoritism decisions were less often used. Different types of kindergartens also showed differences in terms of layoff decisions; in-group favoritism decision was used more often in privately operated kindergartens than in religious/ charitable kindergartens. In addition, kindergartens established by religious/charitable organizations were more likely to use care approach decisions, while kindergartens affiliated with schools were more likely to use ability approach decisions; however, the post-hoc comparisons were not significant. In addition, in-group favoritism decisions also had a negative effect on the kindergarten competitiveness and management effectiveness, but ability approach decisions had a positive effect on both of them. Care approach decisions could benefit management effectiveness but they had no significant effect on elevating competitiveness.
ABSTRACT Chinese society values relationships; thus, this study attempts to discover if relations... more ABSTRACT Chinese society values relationships; thus, this study attempts to discover if relationships are effective during job seeking. Due to a lower birth rate, many kindergartens in Taiwan have encountered difficulties in operation. This study investigates the following question: When recruiting teachers, will kindergartens focus on selecting candidates with higher education and professional certificates, in order to increase competitiveness, or will kindergartens focus on selecting candidates who have a relationship with the school? This study collected 1058 valid samples of teachers in 23 counties and cities in Taiwan, using stratified cluster random sampling. Results of statistical analysis showed that teachers with higher education, teaching experience, and professional certificates tend to acquire teaching positions with higher salaries. Moreover, educational factors significantly influence opportunities to acquire jobs in public early childhood education institutions, indicating that human capital is a priority. However, teaching positions secured using relationships tend to be in private institutions with lower salaries. Nowadays, in Taiwan, people need to invest in human capital in order to acquire ideal teaching positions in early childhood education, and not rely on relationships. The findings can serve as a reference for other countries influenced by Chinese culture.
In recent years, instances of deviant student behavior have become more serious. Using attachment... more In recent years, instances of deviant student behavior have become more serious. Using attachment theory and social control theory, as well as the parent-child and teacher-student relationship, this research probed into deviant behavior. This research aimed to identify the more significant influence (teachers or parents) on students, in order to indicate the effect of teachers and parents on students’ behavior. It compared the influences of the teacher-student relationship, the parent-child relationship and social control on students’ deviant behavior. Results showed that parent-child relationships and teacher-student relationships negatively influence deviant behavior. However, in comparison to the parent-child relationship, the teacher-student relationship has a more significant influence on deviant behavior. Further examination of the influence of social control indicated that the main factors of students’ deviant behavior are social control, the teacher-student relationship, and...
Under the influence of folk beliefs, Chinese society believes that good deeds yield good results,... more Under the influence of folk beliefs, Chinese society believes that good deeds yield good results, and that people must accumulate virtue and practice goodness to secure fortune for themselves and their posterity. At school, Buddhist charity organizations promote practicing good deeds and accumulating virtue. Through organizational socialization, Chinese school culture has gradually evinced the culture of accumulated virtue and kind deeds. This study used literature review to construct a culture of accumulated virtue and kind deed scale and other school culture scales. Teacher efficacy and organizational commitment were utilized as indicators for examination, using stratified cluster random sampling of 1318 teachers. After factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis, the research findings showed that Chinese school culture includes a supportive culture, a learning culture, an innovative culture, and the culture of accumulated virtue and kind deeds. Compared...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
In this study 732 Taiwanese kindergarten teachers, divided into 4 regional areas: northern, centr... more In this study 732 Taiwanese kindergarten teachers, divided into 4 regional areas: northern, central, southern, and eastern, completed a questionnaire about their work performance and how it is affected by principals' leadership behaviors. Regression and structural equation modeling analysis showed that the use of empathetic concern by kindergarten principals had a positive effect on teachers' work performance. Although assertive orders were found to have a positive influence, the correlation with work performance was lower than that with empathetic concern. Rewards and punishments had no significant effect on improving teachers' work performance. Emotion-based leadership in the form of showing empathetic concern could be used to improve kindergarten teachers' work performance.
Sch Effectiveness Sch Improv, 2011
Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine ... more Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine how to deal with events, which raises a number of questions. How can the directors of early education institutions incorporate feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations into their management? How can they enhance the job performance of teachers? This study sampled 1,058 subjects from public and private kindergartens, using structural
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2012
Private Taiwanese kindergarten management personnel contend that it is difficult to attract stude... more Private Taiwanese kindergarten management personnel contend that it is difficult to attract students; and that they must perform better than public kindergartens to recruit and retain teachers. The focus in this study was to determine the best way to recruit and retain teachers with superior performances. We surveyed private teachers from 23 cities and counties in Taiwan, obtaining 732 valid samples. The results show that contemporary teachers have more education, are younger, and tend to focus on urbanized job searches through formal channels, such as newspapers, network bulletins, posters, and human resource banks. The extent of understanding the prospective job is a primary factor in predicting teachers' performance and satisfaction, which can decrease teachers' turnover intentions. Teachers recruited through formal channels had higher turnover intentions; however, their job performances showed no significant differences compared to informal channels, which suggests that ...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2012
In recent years, there has been an increase in deviant behaviors of students in Japan and Taiwan.... more In recent years, there has been an increase in deviant behaviors of students in Japan and Taiwan. The similarities and differences between the deviant behaviors of students in these 2 countries were investigated. A total of 516 and 476 valid questionnaires were obtained from Taiwan and Japan, respectively, in this study. Results indicated that there were fewer deviant behaviors among students in Taiwan than in Japan. Social control, authoritative teacher discipline, and parents' laissez-faire parenting were common factors implicated in deviant behaviors of students in both countries. The factor most frequently affecting the deviant behaviors of Japanese students was social control. For Taiwanese students authoritative teacher discipline was the factor with the greatest effect.
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2014
My main purpose in this study was to investigate school principals' approaches to dealing wit... more My main purpose in this study was to investigate school principals' approaches to dealing with incompetent teachers and the effects of such approaches. I conducted a survey with 2,180 elementary and junior-high school principals and teachers in Taiwan. The results revealed that, besides using active approaches of encouragement and assistance, soliciting support from senior teachers to invite incompetent teachers to join their teaching teams to improve teaching skills, and initiating a process of teaching improvement, school principals should also show tolerance with incompetent teachers. The use of 2 approaches concurrently was found to be more effective than using just 1 approach in dealing with incompetent teachers. According to structural equation modeling, the 3 following approaches should be involved in, and may improve, the effectiveness of dealing with incompetent teachers: minimizing the difference in principals' and teachers' attitude toward dealing with incompe...
School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2012
Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine ... more Chinese society is accustomed to using feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations to determine how to deal with events, which raises a number of questions. How can the directors of early education institutions incorporate feelings, reasons, and institutionalizations into their management? How can they enhance the job performance of teachers? This study sampled 1,058 subjects from public and private kindergartens, using structural
Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 2011
ABSTRACT Some studies in Taiwan have shown that attitudes of ‘sympathy and caring’ benefit teache... more ABSTRACT Some studies in Taiwan have shown that attitudes of ‘sympathy and caring’ benefit teachers’ job performances; however, the Tzu Chi Merit Society’s leadership deeply values the effects of the creation of accumulated virtues of kindness, as displayed in a teacher’s performance. Therefore, this study explores which behaviors, namely, “accumulated virtues of kindness” or “sympathy and caring” has the greater influence on job performance. The researchers consider that the administrative leaders’ behaviors also affect performance; however, subjective perceptions of job value may provide greater benefits, and thus, are included in this analysis. As accumulated virtues of kindness are not the norm in Taiwanese schools, long-term planning was required to enlist the assistance of schools to join this study. However, 6 schools agree to participate, including 157 teachers, resulting in 143valid samples being collected. Upon conducting the above leadership behaviors over a 4 month duration, the results show that the “accumulated virtues of kindness”, as demonstrated by the school’s principles’ behaviors, had positive influences upon task performance and contextual performance; whereas, ‘sympathy and care’ had no remarkable effects. As ‘kindness and accumulative virtue’ is not yet explored in Taiwan, the researchers conducted almost 4 months of remarkable effects on job performance in order to obtain research values. However, upon analysis of ‘teachers’ perceived job value’ regarding the study topic, this paper discovered that the ‘accumulated virtues of kindness’ behaviors did not have positive influence on job performance, which is the main factor of job performance in this study.
Creative Education, 2013
Many kindergartens have been affected by declining birthrates, and it has become difficult for th... more Many kindergartens have been affected by declining birthrates, and it has become difficult for them to recruit students. Due to the consideration of costs and benefits, some have had to lay off teachers to maintain operational benefits. This study focused on the types of layoff decisions made by kindergarten operators, as well as which types of layoff decisions would better benefit kindergarten competitiveness and effectiveness. Using the decision model by Husted and Allen (2008) as the foundation, this study divided layoff decisions into the ability approach, the public good approach, and the care approach, as well as in-group favoritism decisions, based on a literature review. On one hand, it analyzed the differences between various types of kindergartens in making layoff decisions, and on the other hand it explored the effect of different layoff decisions on kindergarten competitiveness and effectiveness. This study extracted 205 managers of kindergartens from the 23 cities and counties of Taiwan for questionnaire surveys. The research results showed that the layoff decisions of kindergarten principals in Taiwan were generally inclined toward the ability approach and public good decisions, while in-group favoritism decisions were less often used. Different types of kindergartens also showed differences in terms of layoff decisions; in-group favoritism decision was used more often in privately operated kindergartens than in religious/ charitable kindergartens. In addition, kindergartens established by religious/charitable organizations were more likely to use care approach decisions, while kindergartens affiliated with schools were more likely to use ability approach decisions; however, the post-hoc comparisons were not significant. In addition, in-group favoritism decisions also had a negative effect on the kindergarten competitiveness and management effectiveness, but ability approach decisions had a positive effect on both of them. Care approach decisions could benefit management effectiveness but they had no significant effect on elevating competitiveness.
ABSTRACT Chinese society values relationships; thus, this study attempts to discover if relations... more ABSTRACT Chinese society values relationships; thus, this study attempts to discover if relationships are effective during job seeking. Due to a lower birth rate, many kindergartens in Taiwan have encountered difficulties in operation. This study investigates the following question: When recruiting teachers, will kindergartens focus on selecting candidates with higher education and professional certificates, in order to increase competitiveness, or will kindergartens focus on selecting candidates who have a relationship with the school? This study collected 1058 valid samples of teachers in 23 counties and cities in Taiwan, using stratified cluster random sampling. Results of statistical analysis showed that teachers with higher education, teaching experience, and professional certificates tend to acquire teaching positions with higher salaries. Moreover, educational factors significantly influence opportunities to acquire jobs in public early childhood education institutions, indicating that human capital is a priority. However, teaching positions secured using relationships tend to be in private institutions with lower salaries. Nowadays, in Taiwan, people need to invest in human capital in order to acquire ideal teaching positions in early childhood education, and not rely on relationships. The findings can serve as a reference for other countries influenced by Chinese culture.