jerome Grelin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by jerome Grelin

Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to manufac... more Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to manufacture dependable and low cost integrated optics active and passive devices on silicate or phosphate glasses substrates in the telecommunication wavelengths operation range (from lambda = 0.8 to 1.7 mum). However, the recent developments of integrated optics instruments for astronomical interferometers or biological sensors have lead

Applied Optics, Jan 1, 2007

We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution im... more We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution imaging. This project, named multiaperture fiber-linked interferometer (MAFL), was founded by the European Space Agency. The aim of the MAFL project is to propose, design, and implement for the first time to the best of our knowledge all the optical functions required for the global instrument on the same integrated optics (IO) component for controlling a three-arm interferometer and to obtain reliable science data. The coherent transport from telescopes to the IO component is achieved by means of highly birefringent optical fiber. The laboratory bench is presented, and the results are reported allowing us to validate the optical potentiality of the IO component in this frame. The validation measurements consist of the throughput of this optical device, the performances of metrological servoloop, and the instrumental contrasts and phase closure of the science fringes. . V. Collomb, M. Trouillon, and J. Grelin are with GeeO, 16 chemin du vieux chene, 38240 Melan, France. I. Schanen, V. Minier, and J.-E. Broquin are with

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies X, 2006

Broadband wavelength (de)multiplexers play a key role in different fields of integrated optics. I... more Broadband wavelength (de)multiplexers play a key role in different fields of integrated optics. In particular, the development of Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifiers (EDWA) requires efficient integrated pump/signal multiplexers. In this article, the design and the realization of a 980 nm/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer based on a segmented asymmetric Y junction made by silver/sodium ion exchange on glass is discussed. We

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies IX, 2005

In this paper, the realization and characterization of periodic segmented waveguides made by ion-... more In this paper, the realization and characterization of periodic segmented waveguides made by ion-exchange on glass is presented as well as their application to polarizers and wavelength duplexers. Segmented waveguides are of major interest for integrated devices because they allow tailoring the refractive index without changing the technological parameters. Indeed, a segmented waveguide, which is composed of a periodic succession

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XI, 2007

Ion-exchange on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to realize integrated... more Ion-exchange on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to realize integrated optics devices such as wavelength multiplexers, splitters, optical amplifiers, lasers or sensors. One of the major issue is today to integrate more functions on a single chip which is usually realized be reducing the dimensions of the waveguides. Nonetheless this reduction is intrinsically limited by

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XII, 2008

Optical and Infrared Interferometry, 2008

Modal filtering is based on the capability of single-mode waveguides to transmit only one complex... more Modal filtering is based on the capability of single-mode waveguides to transmit only one complex amplitude function to eliminate virtually any perturbation of the interfering wavefronts, thus making very high rejection ratios possible in a nulling interferometer. In the present paper we focus on the progress of Integrated Optics in the thermal infrared [6-20µm] range, one of the two candidate technologies for the fabrication of Modal Filters, together with fiber optics. In conclusion of the European Space Agency's (ESA) "Integrated Optics for Darwin" activity, etched layers of chalcogenide material deposited on chalcogenide glass substrates was selected among four candidates as the technology with the best potential to simultaneously meet the filtering efficiency, absolute and spectral transmission, and beam coupling requirements. ESA's new "Integrated Optics" activity started at mid-2007 with the purpose of improving the technology until compliant prototypes can be manufactured and validated, expectedly by the end of 2009. The present paper aims at introducing the project and the components requirements and functions. The selected materials and preliminary designs, as well as the experimental validation logic and test benches are presented. More details are provided on the progress of the main technology: vacuum deposition in the co-evaporation mode and subsequent etching of chalcogenide layers. In addition, preliminary investigations of an alternative technology based on burying a chalcogenide optical fiber core into a chalcogenide substrate are presented. Specific developments of anti-reflective solutions designed for the mitigation of Fresnel losses at the input and output surface of the components are also introduced.

J3eA, 2005

Dans cet article, on rapporte la réalisation de guides d'ondes segmentés enterrés réalisés en opt... more Dans cet article, on rapporte la réalisation de guides d'ondes segmentés enterrés réalisés en optique intégrée sur verre. Avec la technique de l'échange d'ions, on a pu obtenir des guides monomodes sur les trois fenêtres des télécommunications optiques, de bonne qualité, avec des périodes de segmentation compris entre 3µm et 100µm et des taux de vide compris entre 0,25 et 0,90. Les effets de la segmentation sont évidents dans la taille modale et dans le déplacement de la longueur d'onde de coupure du deuxième mode confiné dans le guide.

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2008

Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than 20 years to realize dep... more Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than 20 years to realize dependable and low-cost passive and active integrated optic devices on silicate or phosphate glasses for the optical telecommunication systems operating around λ = 1.5 m. However, the recent developments of integrated optics instruments for astronomical interferometers or biological sensors have required an increase of the devices operation range towards the mid-infrared. For these reasons, we present in this paper the development and the realization of single-mode waveguides by means of a binary ion-exchange on a germanate glass (BGA-G115 form Kigre Inc.) which transparency window reaches λ = 4 m. A complete study of the silver ion diffusion in this glass matrix has been performed allowing the determination of silver and sodium ion diffusion coefficients as well as the value of the maximum refractive index change. Using these data, simulations were carried-out showing that an ion-exchange of 90 min in a 0.03AgNO 3 -0.97NaNO 3 molten salt at a temperature of 330 • C would allow the realization of single-mode channel waveguides at λ = 1.55 m.

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2008

Ion-exchange on glass is now a mature integrated optics technology. Indeed, many devices such as ... more Ion-exchange on glass is now a mature integrated optics technology. Indeed, many devices such as wavelength multiplexers, splitters, optical amplifiers, lasers or sensors have been already realized. The challenge now is to integrate all these functions on a single chip. Two different paths can be used to achieve this goal: the first one consists of a reduction of the waveguides' dimensions by an increase of the refractive index change, whereas the second one, which is addressed in this paper, is based on the realization of multilayered devices. Because ion-exchange on glass allows manufacturing either surface or buried waveguides, this technology is well adapted for 3D integration. However, to realize integrated optical devices with two different layers, it is mandatory to prevent any parasitic light transfer between them. This condition can be fulfilled if the top and bottom waveguides are sufficiently separated. In this article, we present the development of ion-exchanged waveguides deeply buried into a glass substrate and their application to 3D integrated devices. Deeply buried waveguides have been realized by means of a two steps silver-sodium ion-exchange on a dedicated custom made silicate glass. First, a thermal ion-exchange has been carried out at 330 • C during 2 min in a 0.8NaNO 3 -0.2AgNO 3 molten salt in order to create the core of the waveguide. Then, this core has been buried into the glass substrate by applying an electric field of 450 kV/m during 1 h 30 min in a sodium nitrate solution at 260 • C. The obtained waveguide has been measured to be 22 m under the glass surface. It is singlemode at λ = 1.55 m. In order to prove the good isolation between this waveguide and the surface, a top layer has been added to the device by the realization of surface channel waveguides through a thermal ion-exchange performed in a 0.8NaNO 3 -0.2AgNO 3 molten salt at 330 • C during 2 min. The near-field observation of the device output has shown no coupling between the top and bottom layers demonstrating therefore the feasibility of 3D integrated optical devices by means of ion-exchange on glass.

Electronics Letters, 2006

ABSTRACT The realisation and characterisation of periodic segmented waveguides made by Ag+/Na+ io... more ABSTRACT The realisation and characterisation of periodic segmented waveguides made by Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange on glass is presented. In particular, the averaging effects provided by the segmentation are analysed using the measurement of the cutoff wavelengths of the fundamental mode. Numerical calculations are used to evaluate the equivalent index contrast of a continuous waveguide from cutoff wavelength. It is found that the model predicting the index averaging effect of periodically segmented waveguides is valid if the duty cycle of the segmented waveguide is corrected by a term that takes into account the longitudinal ion diffusion.

Applied Optics, 2007

We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution im... more We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution imaging. This project, named multiaperture fiber-linked interferometer (MAFL), was founded by the European Space Agency. The aim of the MAFL project is to propose, design, and implement for the first time to the best of our knowledge all the optical functions required for the global instrument on the same integrated optics (IO) component for controlling a three-arm interferometer and to obtain reliable science data. The coherent transport from telescopes to the IO component is achieved by means of highly birefringent optical fiber. The laboratory bench is presented, and the results are reported allowing us to validate the optical potentiality of the IO component in this frame. The validation measurements consist of the throughput of this optical device, the performances of metrological servoloop, and the instrumental contrasts and phase closure of the science fringes. . V. Collomb, M. Trouillon, and J. Grelin are with GeeO, 16 chemin du vieux chene, 38240 Melan, France. I. Schanen, V. Minier, and J.-E. Broquin are with

Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to manufac... more Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to manufacture dependable and low cost integrated optics active and passive devices on silicate or phosphate glasses substrates in the telecommunication wavelengths operation range (from lambda = 0.8 to 1.7 mum). However, the recent developments of integrated optics instruments for astronomical interferometers or biological sensors have lead

Applied Optics, Jan 1, 2007

We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution im... more We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution imaging. This project, named multiaperture fiber-linked interferometer (MAFL), was founded by the European Space Agency. The aim of the MAFL project is to propose, design, and implement for the first time to the best of our knowledge all the optical functions required for the global instrument on the same integrated optics (IO) component for controlling a three-arm interferometer and to obtain reliable science data. The coherent transport from telescopes to the IO component is achieved by means of highly birefringent optical fiber. The laboratory bench is presented, and the results are reported allowing us to validate the optical potentiality of the IO component in this frame. The validation measurements consist of the throughput of this optical device, the performances of metrological servoloop, and the instrumental contrasts and phase closure of the science fringes. . V. Collomb, M. Trouillon, and J. Grelin are with GeeO, 16 chemin du vieux chene, 38240 Melan, France. I. Schanen, V. Minier, and J.-E. Broquin are with

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies X, 2006

Broadband wavelength (de)multiplexers play a key role in different fields of integrated optics. I... more Broadband wavelength (de)multiplexers play a key role in different fields of integrated optics. In particular, the development of Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifiers (EDWA) requires efficient integrated pump/signal multiplexers. In this article, the design and the realization of a 980 nm/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer based on a segmented asymmetric Y junction made by silver/sodium ion exchange on glass is discussed. We

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies IX, 2005

In this paper, the realization and characterization of periodic segmented waveguides made by ion-... more In this paper, the realization and characterization of periodic segmented waveguides made by ion-exchange on glass is presented as well as their application to polarizers and wavelength duplexers. Segmented waveguides are of major interest for integrated devices because they allow tailoring the refractive index without changing the technological parameters. Indeed, a segmented waveguide, which is composed of a periodic succession

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XI, 2007

Ion-exchange on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to realize integrated... more Ion-exchange on glass has been successfully used for more than twenty years to realize integrated optics devices such as wavelength multiplexers, splitters, optical amplifiers, lasers or sensors. One of the major issue is today to integrate more functions on a single chip which is usually realized be reducing the dimensions of the waveguides. Nonetheless this reduction is intrinsically limited by

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XII, 2008

Optical and Infrared Interferometry, 2008

Modal filtering is based on the capability of single-mode waveguides to transmit only one complex... more Modal filtering is based on the capability of single-mode waveguides to transmit only one complex amplitude function to eliminate virtually any perturbation of the interfering wavefronts, thus making very high rejection ratios possible in a nulling interferometer. In the present paper we focus on the progress of Integrated Optics in the thermal infrared [6-20µm] range, one of the two candidate technologies for the fabrication of Modal Filters, together with fiber optics. In conclusion of the European Space Agency's (ESA) "Integrated Optics for Darwin" activity, etched layers of chalcogenide material deposited on chalcogenide glass substrates was selected among four candidates as the technology with the best potential to simultaneously meet the filtering efficiency, absolute and spectral transmission, and beam coupling requirements. ESA's new "Integrated Optics" activity started at mid-2007 with the purpose of improving the technology until compliant prototypes can be manufactured and validated, expectedly by the end of 2009. The present paper aims at introducing the project and the components requirements and functions. The selected materials and preliminary designs, as well as the experimental validation logic and test benches are presented. More details are provided on the progress of the main technology: vacuum deposition in the co-evaporation mode and subsequent etching of chalcogenide layers. In addition, preliminary investigations of an alternative technology based on burying a chalcogenide optical fiber core into a chalcogenide substrate are presented. Specific developments of anti-reflective solutions designed for the mitigation of Fresnel losses at the input and output surface of the components are also introduced.

J3eA, 2005

Dans cet article, on rapporte la réalisation de guides d'ondes segmentés enterrés réalisés en opt... more Dans cet article, on rapporte la réalisation de guides d'ondes segmentés enterrés réalisés en optique intégrée sur verre. Avec la technique de l'échange d'ions, on a pu obtenir des guides monomodes sur les trois fenêtres des télécommunications optiques, de bonne qualité, avec des périodes de segmentation compris entre 3µm et 100µm et des taux de vide compris entre 0,25 et 0,90. Les effets de la segmentation sont évidents dans la taille modale et dans le déplacement de la longueur d'onde de coupure du deuxième mode confiné dans le guide.

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2008

Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than 20 years to realize dep... more Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than 20 years to realize dependable and low-cost passive and active integrated optic devices on silicate or phosphate glasses for the optical telecommunication systems operating around λ = 1.5 m. However, the recent developments of integrated optics instruments for astronomical interferometers or biological sensors have required an increase of the devices operation range towards the mid-infrared. For these reasons, we present in this paper the development and the realization of single-mode waveguides by means of a binary ion-exchange on a germanate glass (BGA-G115 form Kigre Inc.) which transparency window reaches λ = 4 m. A complete study of the silver ion diffusion in this glass matrix has been performed allowing the determination of silver and sodium ion diffusion coefficients as well as the value of the maximum refractive index change. Using these data, simulations were carried-out showing that an ion-exchange of 90 min in a 0.03AgNO 3 -0.97NaNO 3 molten salt at a temperature of 330 • C would allow the realization of single-mode channel waveguides at λ = 1.55 m.

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2008

Ion-exchange on glass is now a mature integrated optics technology. Indeed, many devices such as ... more Ion-exchange on glass is now a mature integrated optics technology. Indeed, many devices such as wavelength multiplexers, splitters, optical amplifiers, lasers or sensors have been already realized. The challenge now is to integrate all these functions on a single chip. Two different paths can be used to achieve this goal: the first one consists of a reduction of the waveguides' dimensions by an increase of the refractive index change, whereas the second one, which is addressed in this paper, is based on the realization of multilayered devices. Because ion-exchange on glass allows manufacturing either surface or buried waveguides, this technology is well adapted for 3D integration. However, to realize integrated optical devices with two different layers, it is mandatory to prevent any parasitic light transfer between them. This condition can be fulfilled if the top and bottom waveguides are sufficiently separated. In this article, we present the development of ion-exchanged waveguides deeply buried into a glass substrate and their application to 3D integrated devices. Deeply buried waveguides have been realized by means of a two steps silver-sodium ion-exchange on a dedicated custom made silicate glass. First, a thermal ion-exchange has been carried out at 330 • C during 2 min in a 0.8NaNO 3 -0.2AgNO 3 molten salt in order to create the core of the waveguide. Then, this core has been buried into the glass substrate by applying an electric field of 450 kV/m during 1 h 30 min in a sodium nitrate solution at 260 • C. The obtained waveguide has been measured to be 22 m under the glass surface. It is singlemode at λ = 1.55 m. In order to prove the good isolation between this waveguide and the surface, a top layer has been added to the device by the realization of surface channel waveguides through a thermal ion-exchange performed in a 0.8NaNO 3 -0.2AgNO 3 molten salt at 330 • C during 2 min. The near-field observation of the device output has shown no coupling between the top and bottom layers demonstrating therefore the feasibility of 3D integrated optical devices by means of ion-exchange on glass.

Electronics Letters, 2006

ABSTRACT The realisation and characterisation of periodic segmented waveguides made by Ag+/Na+ io... more ABSTRACT The realisation and characterisation of periodic segmented waveguides made by Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange on glass is presented. In particular, the averaging effects provided by the segmentation are analysed using the measurement of the cutoff wavelengths of the fundamental mode. Numerical calculations are used to evaluate the equivalent index contrast of a continuous waveguide from cutoff wavelength. It is found that the model predicting the index averaging effect of periodically segmented waveguides is valid if the duty cycle of the segmented waveguide is corrected by a term that takes into account the longitudinal ion diffusion.

Applied Optics, 2007

We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution im... more We present a three-telescope space-based interferometer prototype dedicated to high-resolution imaging. This project, named multiaperture fiber-linked interferometer (MAFL), was founded by the European Space Agency. The aim of the MAFL project is to propose, design, and implement for the first time to the best of our knowledge all the optical functions required for the global instrument on the same integrated optics (IO) component for controlling a three-arm interferometer and to obtain reliable science data. The coherent transport from telescopes to the IO component is achieved by means of highly birefringent optical fiber. The laboratory bench is presented, and the results are reported allowing us to validate the optical potentiality of the IO component in this frame. The validation measurements consist of the throughput of this optical device, the performances of metrological servoloop, and the instrumental contrasts and phase closure of the science fringes. . V. Collomb, M. Trouillon, and J. Grelin are with GeeO, 16 chemin du vieux chene, 38240 Melan, France. I. Schanen, V. Minier, and J.-E. Broquin are with