jean potage - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by jean potage

Research paper thumbnail of Industry 4.0: Challenges and disruptions for Purchasing and Supply Management

Potage, 2019

A mix of Industry 4.0 technologies are changing the game for companies. Big Data, Product Data Ma... more A mix of Industry 4.0 technologies are changing the game for companies. Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM), Product Life Management (PLM), Internet of Things (IoT), but also Mobility, Cloud Computing, Robotics / Cobotics, and Machine to Machine (M2M) bring together challenges and disruptions either for the business itself, or for all the support functions : Finance, IT, Human Resources and of course Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM). In the case of PSM, Industry 4.0 occurs when this function is still relatively young, always in maturity development and now facing challenges and disruptions in the Industry 4.0 context. This paper aims to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 on the PSM function, either in terms of challenges or real disruptions, and also to suggest strategy tracks for PSM managers and CPOs having to drive the coming 4.0 big change.

Research paper thumbnail of Digitization 4.0: Computer Aided Procurement for practitioners is just beginning

Potage, 2019

A mix of technologies are changing the game for companies: Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM... more A mix of technologies are changing the game for companies: Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM), Product Life Management (PLM), Internet of Things (IoT), but also Mobility, Cloud Computing, Robotics / Cobotics, and Machine to Machine (M2M). If consequences for the business itself may produce disruptions in some sectors, Procurement is also concerned by its own digitization. This paper identifies and quantifies how digital technologies can improve the Procurement function effectiveness at the operational level, and develops a practitioner point of view, by suggesting tracks for an early adoption of what can be called the Computer Aided Purchasing, which is already started.

Research paper thumbnail of PP04 -Purchasing maturity development with models: PIMM Toolkit for CPOs

Potage, 2017

After thirty years of existence, the Purchasing Function is still looking for increased maturity.... more After thirty years of existence, the Purchasing Function is still looking for increased maturity. Very important issues are coming, such as collaborative purchases and co-innovation with suppliers, requiring new skills to face SRM (Supplier Relationship Management) and more globally what we call Supplier Resource Management. Is "cost killer forever" the definitive scenario for this function? Probably not. In order to drive the change in purchasing skills, new models are necessary for CPOs. Resulting from twenty years of experience in Purchasing Management, two of them: CTG and PRIME, have been developed, presented in precedent IPSERA papers, and integrated in a unified maturity model: PIMM. This paper describes a smart "all in one" maturity toolkit for CPOs based on these models, which permits to bridge the gap between maturity improvement, company strategy alignment and increased value creation, up to co-innovation with suppliers.

Research paper thumbnail of A holistic and integrated model for customer supplier relationship management

Potage, 2011

This paper describes a new model for SRM, obtained by developing the same approach used in comple... more This paper describes a new model for SRM, obtained by developing the same approach used in complex systems design. From an analogy with the OSI model used in telecommunications systems modeling, we propose a holistic and integrated model : PRIME (Purchasing Relationship Integrated Model for Enterprises). This model is able to describe any kind of suppliers links, their end to end operation, from the customer to supplier point of view and vice versa. PRIME is also a smart assessment tool which allows for defining SRM improvement plans, whatever the business area and the purchasing company maturity context.

Research paper thumbnail of A holistic and integrated capability maturity model for purchasing management

Potage, 2011

This paper describes a new purchasing maturity « staged » model, obtained by extension of previou... more This paper describes a new purchasing maturity « staged » model, obtained by extension of previous models (ThomPRICE) developed by the author in 1998 and 2003. We propose here a new holistic and integrated model : PIMM © (Purchasing Integrated Maturity Model). The holistic feature is obtained by using the SRM capability scale to organise the model stages, and the integrated feature is obtained by introducing new Key Purchasing Areas (KPAs) to cover not only the purchasing function, but also all the stake holders in a company, as described in an other associated SRM model (PRIME © : Purchasing Relationship Integrated Model for Enterprises). So, with the proposed capability maturity model, the enterprise purchasing process may be seen as a whole through five maturity levels, directly proportional to value creation. PIMM being also a smart assessment tool it allows for defining purchasing maturity improvement plans and managing company progress as a whole with appropriate dashboards.

Research paper thumbnail of Digital transformation to increase Procurement value creation

IPSERA 2023 Proceedings, 2023

For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformat... more For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformation (PDT), today with process digitization and tomorrow with Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, what leads CPOs to redefine their organizations. Do they have to continue to invest in maturity development or only in the PDT? This paper provides a framework to companies allowing them to measure the ROI (Return on Investment) of three main options: PDT with workforce reduction at iso-maturity, PDT at iso-workforce with maturity improvement, and PDT with new skills acquisition. The options are analyzed, and the findings compared and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Arrangement for discriminating speech signals from noise

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Aug 1, 1983

An audio squelch circuit uses spectral analysis of the audio signal to derive two test signals, o... more An audio squelch circuit uses spectral analysis of the audio signal to derive two test signals, one of the two indicating speech presence "energy" and the other "voiced" speech presence. The two test signals are logic-AND combined to decide speech presence and open the squelch gate. Detection of speech in the audio signal, composed of a voiced segment which is both preceded and followed by a non-voiced (consonant) segment, is improved by correspondingly lengthening the "voiced" test signal pulse with both earlier (anticipatory) initiation by a time interval "D," and with a later (prolonged) completion by a time interval "d".

Research paper thumbnail of New models for Purchasing Management

Research paper thumbnail of Chapitre 9. Des achats à la co-innovation avec les fournisseurs

Odile Jacob eBooks, Oct 20, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Digital transformation to increase Procurement value creation

IPSERA 2023 Barcelona Proceedings, 2023

For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformat... more For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformation (PDT), today with process digitization and tomorrow with Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, what leads CPOs to redefine their organizations. Do they have to continue to invest in maturity development or only in the PDT? This paper provides a framework to companies allowing them to measure the ROI (Return on Investment) of three main options: PDT with workforce reduction at iso-maturity, PDT at iso-workforce with maturity improvement, and PDT with new skills acquisition. The options are analyzed, and the findings compared and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Vocoders /digitalization of voice signals at outputs below 5 kb/s/

Revue technique Thomson-CSF, Jun 1, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of SMT, COB, and MCM technologies on a 68000 CPU

12th International Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium

Military radlocommunication equipments incorporate more and more powerful digital functions with ... more Military radlocommunication equipments incorporate more and more powerful digital functions with components of various sizes and a few VLSI circuits with now more than 200 I/Os. At board level, packaging has to be compact, light and at the best possible cost. We therefore analyzed the miniaturization effect achieved by mounting integrated circuits in SMI) packages and bare chips for a number of inputs/outputs in the range from 16 to 300. Three solutions were then tested on a 68000 architecture : board with SMDs mounted on both sides, high density MultiChip Module, and board with SMIDs on one side and VLSI mounted in COS technology on the other side. The measured performances as regards compactness, weight, power consumption and cost show the interest of a solution combining SMDs and COB and the requirement of a substrate cost reduction in the MultiChip Module.

Research paper thumbnail of Les techniques de numérisation de la parole à bas débit applicables aux liaisons navales

On rappelle les techniques vocodeurs a 2400 bits/s et on presente une nouvelle technique etudiee ... more On rappelle les techniques vocodeurs a 2400 bits/s et on presente une nouvelle technique etudiee a Thomson-CSF/Division Telecommunications (DTC) qui permet de comprimer le signal vocal a 800 bits/s et ainsi de mieux le proteger par redondance dans les liaisons HF

Research paper thumbnail of Method and speech interpolation device in a speech transmission system DIGITIZED

Research paper thumbnail of Speech Processing Device for Transmitter-Receiver Equipment Radioelectric Adapted for Transmission and Reception of Speech

DEVICE FOR SPEECH PROCESSING FOR EQUIPMENT TRANSCEIVER RADIO SUITABLE FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPT... more DEVICE FOR SPEECH PROCESSING FOR EQUIPMENT TRANSCEIVER RADIO SUITABLE FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF THE WORD. THE DEVICE 1 INCLUDES COMPRESSION SYSTEM 11 DYNAMICS OF FORM WORD SIGNAL BY AT LEAST ONE VARIABLE ATTENUATOR 15 ISSUE TO MAINTAIN THE LEVEL MODULATION SPEECH DURING SOME COMMON GROUND NEAR THE ISSUE OF THE WORD AND EXPANDER 18 TO RESTORE THE RECEPTION LEVEL OF SPEECH BEFORE ITS COMPRESSION, AS 17 DEVICE CONTROL OF SENSITIVE eXPANDER THE VALUE OF MITIGATION INTRODUCED BY aTTENUATOR 15 ISSUE AND TRANSMITTED ON UNCANAL RADIO FREQUENCY AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT. COMPRESSION CIRCUIT IS CIRCUIT 11 INCREMENTAL COMPRESSION EARLY ACTION IN TIME. DEVICE INCLUDES FURTHER CIRCUIT FILTER LOGIC 13 LEVEL SPEECH ISSUE TO ORDER THE COMPRESSION SYSTEM 11 BY NOT MITIGATION CONSTANT WAY TO MAINTAIN THE LEVEL OF EMISSION WORD CONSTANT LOW NEAR AND TO TRANSMIT THROUGH AUXILIARY CHANNEL VALUES MITIGATION incremental THEREOF. 17 DEVICE CONTROL OF EXPANDER 18 INCLUDES CIRCUIT INTERPOLATION 30, 33, 37,...

Research paper thumbnail of Maturité des services achats et relation client-fournisseurs : Nouveaux modèles et nouveaux outils de gestion des ressources externes

Apres environ trente ans d’existence, la fonction achats traverse toujours des evolutions importa... more Apres environ trente ans d’existence, la fonction achats traverse toujours des evolutions importantes et doit se preparer a des ruptures plus importantes encore : achats en mode collaboratif, co-innovation avec des fournisseurs cles, «uberisation» du metier en lien avec le Big Data... Pour faire face a ces enjeux, centres sur la relation client-fournisseurs (le Supplier Relationship Management qui, pour l’auteur est appele a devenir un Supplier Resources Management), la fonction achats doit s’adapter rapidement, developper de nouvelles competences relationnelles et se repositionner dans l’entreprise. Le scenario « cost killer forever » n’etant probablement pas une voie credible, l’evolution de la fonction achats a besoin de nouveaux modeles. Elabores au cours de vingt annees d’experience dans le Management des Achats, trois modeles sont presentes dans ce livre et integres dans un modele global et holistique de «maturite», un concept, cree par l’auteur pour la fonction achats mais qu...

Research paper thumbnail of Analyse et synthèse de la parole

1 Proprietes du signal de parole 1.1 Communication parlee 1.2 Phonation 1.3 Sons de la p... more 1 Proprietes du signal de parole 1.1 Communication parlee 1.2 Phonation 1.3 Sons de la parole 1.4 Audition 2 Applications 2.1 Interets de la representation numerique de la parole 2.2 Vocodeurs 3 Synthese acoustique de la parole 3.1 Forme canonique du synthetiseur de parole 3.2 Synthese a canaux 3.3 Synthese a formants 3.4 Synthese a prediction lineaire 4 Analyse acoustique de la parole 4.1 Forme canonique de l'analyseur de parole 4.2 Analyse de la fonction de transfert du conduit vocal 4.3 Analyse de la fonction d'excitation 5 Conclusion Bibliographie

Research paper thumbnail of A discrimination of speech signals and of PTT system comprising such a device

Device for good accuracy of decision with relatively simple circuits. The input signal is delayed... more Device for good accuracy of decision with relatively simple circuits. The input signal is delayed by a time D by a delay line 2. It uses an energetic character test signal on the delay line output signal and developed in a device 4; a 5 fed by the input signal device develops an identification signal of the voiced sounds, which signal is extended for a period of using the delay line 7 and the OR gate 8; an AND gate 9 provides the speech decision signal in presence of both the first test signal and the second extended test signal. The durations D and dD take into account the possible presence of a voiceless consonant with a voiced sound and identified a voiceless consonant following a voiced sound identified. Application to PTT systems

Research paper thumbnail of Chapitre 9. Des achats à la co-innovation avec les fournisseurs

La Recherche et l’Innovation en France

Research paper thumbnail of Managing procurement value creation with a maturity model

Research paper thumbnail of Industry 4.0: Challenges and disruptions for Purchasing and Supply Management

Potage, 2019

A mix of Industry 4.0 technologies are changing the game for companies. Big Data, Product Data Ma... more A mix of Industry 4.0 technologies are changing the game for companies. Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM), Product Life Management (PLM), Internet of Things (IoT), but also Mobility, Cloud Computing, Robotics / Cobotics, and Machine to Machine (M2M) bring together challenges and disruptions either for the business itself, or for all the support functions : Finance, IT, Human Resources and of course Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM). In the case of PSM, Industry 4.0 occurs when this function is still relatively young, always in maturity development and now facing challenges and disruptions in the Industry 4.0 context. This paper aims to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 on the PSM function, either in terms of challenges or real disruptions, and also to suggest strategy tracks for PSM managers and CPOs having to drive the coming 4.0 big change.

Research paper thumbnail of Digitization 4.0: Computer Aided Procurement for practitioners is just beginning

Potage, 2019

A mix of technologies are changing the game for companies: Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM... more A mix of technologies are changing the game for companies: Big Data, Product Data Management (PDM), Product Life Management (PLM), Internet of Things (IoT), but also Mobility, Cloud Computing, Robotics / Cobotics, and Machine to Machine (M2M). If consequences for the business itself may produce disruptions in some sectors, Procurement is also concerned by its own digitization. This paper identifies and quantifies how digital technologies can improve the Procurement function effectiveness at the operational level, and develops a practitioner point of view, by suggesting tracks for an early adoption of what can be called the Computer Aided Purchasing, which is already started.

Research paper thumbnail of PP04 -Purchasing maturity development with models: PIMM Toolkit for CPOs

Potage, 2017

After thirty years of existence, the Purchasing Function is still looking for increased maturity.... more After thirty years of existence, the Purchasing Function is still looking for increased maturity. Very important issues are coming, such as collaborative purchases and co-innovation with suppliers, requiring new skills to face SRM (Supplier Relationship Management) and more globally what we call Supplier Resource Management. Is "cost killer forever" the definitive scenario for this function? Probably not. In order to drive the change in purchasing skills, new models are necessary for CPOs. Resulting from twenty years of experience in Purchasing Management, two of them: CTG and PRIME, have been developed, presented in precedent IPSERA papers, and integrated in a unified maturity model: PIMM. This paper describes a smart "all in one" maturity toolkit for CPOs based on these models, which permits to bridge the gap between maturity improvement, company strategy alignment and increased value creation, up to co-innovation with suppliers.

Research paper thumbnail of A holistic and integrated model for customer supplier relationship management

Potage, 2011

This paper describes a new model for SRM, obtained by developing the same approach used in comple... more This paper describes a new model for SRM, obtained by developing the same approach used in complex systems design. From an analogy with the OSI model used in telecommunications systems modeling, we propose a holistic and integrated model : PRIME (Purchasing Relationship Integrated Model for Enterprises). This model is able to describe any kind of suppliers links, their end to end operation, from the customer to supplier point of view and vice versa. PRIME is also a smart assessment tool which allows for defining SRM improvement plans, whatever the business area and the purchasing company maturity context.

Research paper thumbnail of A holistic and integrated capability maturity model for purchasing management

Potage, 2011

This paper describes a new purchasing maturity « staged » model, obtained by extension of previou... more This paper describes a new purchasing maturity « staged » model, obtained by extension of previous models (ThomPRICE) developed by the author in 1998 and 2003. We propose here a new holistic and integrated model : PIMM © (Purchasing Integrated Maturity Model). The holistic feature is obtained by using the SRM capability scale to organise the model stages, and the integrated feature is obtained by introducing new Key Purchasing Areas (KPAs) to cover not only the purchasing function, but also all the stake holders in a company, as described in an other associated SRM model (PRIME © : Purchasing Relationship Integrated Model for Enterprises). So, with the proposed capability maturity model, the enterprise purchasing process may be seen as a whole through five maturity levels, directly proportional to value creation. PIMM being also a smart assessment tool it allows for defining purchasing maturity improvement plans and managing company progress as a whole with appropriate dashboards.

Research paper thumbnail of Digital transformation to increase Procurement value creation

IPSERA 2023 Proceedings, 2023

For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformat... more For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformation (PDT), today with process digitization and tomorrow with Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, what leads CPOs to redefine their organizations. Do they have to continue to invest in maturity development or only in the PDT? This paper provides a framework to companies allowing them to measure the ROI (Return on Investment) of three main options: PDT with workforce reduction at iso-maturity, PDT at iso-workforce with maturity improvement, and PDT with new skills acquisition. The options are analyzed, and the findings compared and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Arrangement for discriminating speech signals from noise

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Aug 1, 1983

An audio squelch circuit uses spectral analysis of the audio signal to derive two test signals, o... more An audio squelch circuit uses spectral analysis of the audio signal to derive two test signals, one of the two indicating speech presence "energy" and the other "voiced" speech presence. The two test signals are logic-AND combined to decide speech presence and open the squelch gate. Detection of speech in the audio signal, composed of a voiced segment which is both preceded and followed by a non-voiced (consonant) segment, is improved by correspondingly lengthening the "voiced" test signal pulse with both earlier (anticipatory) initiation by a time interval "D," and with a later (prolonged) completion by a time interval "d".

Research paper thumbnail of New models for Purchasing Management

Research paper thumbnail of Chapitre 9. Des achats à la co-innovation avec les fournisseurs

Odile Jacob eBooks, Oct 20, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Digital transformation to increase Procurement value creation

IPSERA 2023 Barcelona Proceedings, 2023

For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformat... more For the last few years the purchasing function has embarked on its Purchasing Digital Transformation (PDT), today with process digitization and tomorrow with Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, what leads CPOs to redefine their organizations. Do they have to continue to invest in maturity development or only in the PDT? This paper provides a framework to companies allowing them to measure the ROI (Return on Investment) of three main options: PDT with workforce reduction at iso-maturity, PDT at iso-workforce with maturity improvement, and PDT with new skills acquisition. The options are analyzed, and the findings compared and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Vocoders /digitalization of voice signals at outputs below 5 kb/s/

Revue technique Thomson-CSF, Jun 1, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of SMT, COB, and MCM technologies on a 68000 CPU

12th International Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium

Military radlocommunication equipments incorporate more and more powerful digital functions with ... more Military radlocommunication equipments incorporate more and more powerful digital functions with components of various sizes and a few VLSI circuits with now more than 200 I/Os. At board level, packaging has to be compact, light and at the best possible cost. We therefore analyzed the miniaturization effect achieved by mounting integrated circuits in SMI) packages and bare chips for a number of inputs/outputs in the range from 16 to 300. Three solutions were then tested on a 68000 architecture : board with SMDs mounted on both sides, high density MultiChip Module, and board with SMIDs on one side and VLSI mounted in COS technology on the other side. The measured performances as regards compactness, weight, power consumption and cost show the interest of a solution combining SMDs and COB and the requirement of a substrate cost reduction in the MultiChip Module.

Research paper thumbnail of Les techniques de numérisation de la parole à bas débit applicables aux liaisons navales

On rappelle les techniques vocodeurs a 2400 bits/s et on presente une nouvelle technique etudiee ... more On rappelle les techniques vocodeurs a 2400 bits/s et on presente une nouvelle technique etudiee a Thomson-CSF/Division Telecommunications (DTC) qui permet de comprimer le signal vocal a 800 bits/s et ainsi de mieux le proteger par redondance dans les liaisons HF

Research paper thumbnail of Method and speech interpolation device in a speech transmission system DIGITIZED

Research paper thumbnail of Speech Processing Device for Transmitter-Receiver Equipment Radioelectric Adapted for Transmission and Reception of Speech

DEVICE FOR SPEECH PROCESSING FOR EQUIPMENT TRANSCEIVER RADIO SUITABLE FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPT... more DEVICE FOR SPEECH PROCESSING FOR EQUIPMENT TRANSCEIVER RADIO SUITABLE FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF THE WORD. THE DEVICE 1 INCLUDES COMPRESSION SYSTEM 11 DYNAMICS OF FORM WORD SIGNAL BY AT LEAST ONE VARIABLE ATTENUATOR 15 ISSUE TO MAINTAIN THE LEVEL MODULATION SPEECH DURING SOME COMMON GROUND NEAR THE ISSUE OF THE WORD AND EXPANDER 18 TO RESTORE THE RECEPTION LEVEL OF SPEECH BEFORE ITS COMPRESSION, AS 17 DEVICE CONTROL OF SENSITIVE eXPANDER THE VALUE OF MITIGATION INTRODUCED BY aTTENUATOR 15 ISSUE AND TRANSMITTED ON UNCANAL RADIO FREQUENCY AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT. COMPRESSION CIRCUIT IS CIRCUIT 11 INCREMENTAL COMPRESSION EARLY ACTION IN TIME. DEVICE INCLUDES FURTHER CIRCUIT FILTER LOGIC 13 LEVEL SPEECH ISSUE TO ORDER THE COMPRESSION SYSTEM 11 BY NOT MITIGATION CONSTANT WAY TO MAINTAIN THE LEVEL OF EMISSION WORD CONSTANT LOW NEAR AND TO TRANSMIT THROUGH AUXILIARY CHANNEL VALUES MITIGATION incremental THEREOF. 17 DEVICE CONTROL OF EXPANDER 18 INCLUDES CIRCUIT INTERPOLATION 30, 33, 37,...

Research paper thumbnail of Maturité des services achats et relation client-fournisseurs : Nouveaux modèles et nouveaux outils de gestion des ressources externes

Apres environ trente ans d’existence, la fonction achats traverse toujours des evolutions importa... more Apres environ trente ans d’existence, la fonction achats traverse toujours des evolutions importantes et doit se preparer a des ruptures plus importantes encore : achats en mode collaboratif, co-innovation avec des fournisseurs cles, «uberisation» du metier en lien avec le Big Data... Pour faire face a ces enjeux, centres sur la relation client-fournisseurs (le Supplier Relationship Management qui, pour l’auteur est appele a devenir un Supplier Resources Management), la fonction achats doit s’adapter rapidement, developper de nouvelles competences relationnelles et se repositionner dans l’entreprise. Le scenario « cost killer forever » n’etant probablement pas une voie credible, l’evolution de la fonction achats a besoin de nouveaux modeles. Elabores au cours de vingt annees d’experience dans le Management des Achats, trois modeles sont presentes dans ce livre et integres dans un modele global et holistique de «maturite», un concept, cree par l’auteur pour la fonction achats mais qu...

Research paper thumbnail of Analyse et synthèse de la parole

1 Proprietes du signal de parole 1.1 Communication parlee 1.2 Phonation 1.3 Sons de la p... more 1 Proprietes du signal de parole 1.1 Communication parlee 1.2 Phonation 1.3 Sons de la parole 1.4 Audition 2 Applications 2.1 Interets de la representation numerique de la parole 2.2 Vocodeurs 3 Synthese acoustique de la parole 3.1 Forme canonique du synthetiseur de parole 3.2 Synthese a canaux 3.3 Synthese a formants 3.4 Synthese a prediction lineaire 4 Analyse acoustique de la parole 4.1 Forme canonique de l'analyseur de parole 4.2 Analyse de la fonction de transfert du conduit vocal 4.3 Analyse de la fonction d'excitation 5 Conclusion Bibliographie

Research paper thumbnail of A discrimination of speech signals and of PTT system comprising such a device

Device for good accuracy of decision with relatively simple circuits. The input signal is delayed... more Device for good accuracy of decision with relatively simple circuits. The input signal is delayed by a time D by a delay line 2. It uses an energetic character test signal on the delay line output signal and developed in a device 4; a 5 fed by the input signal device develops an identification signal of the voiced sounds, which signal is extended for a period of using the delay line 7 and the OR gate 8; an AND gate 9 provides the speech decision signal in presence of both the first test signal and the second extended test signal. The durations D and dD take into account the possible presence of a voiceless consonant with a voiced sound and identified a voiceless consonant following a voiced sound identified. Application to PTT systems

Research paper thumbnail of Chapitre 9. Des achats à la co-innovation avec les fournisseurs

La Recherche et l’Innovation en France

Research paper thumbnail of Managing procurement value creation with a maturity model