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Papers by justin williams
Geographical Analysis, 2002
Neuroimage, 2004
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with abnormal neuroanatomy in many imaging a... more Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with abnormal neuroanatomy in many imaging and neuropathological studies. Both global brain volume differences and differences in the size of specific neural structures have been reported. Here, we report a voxel-based morphometric whole brain analysis, using a group specific template, on 16 individuals of normal intelligence with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and a group of 16 age-, sex-and IQ-matched controls. Total grey matter volume was increased in the ASD group relative to the control group, with local volume increases in the right fusiform gyrus, the right temporo-occipital region and the left frontal pole extending to the medial frontal cortex. A local decrease in grey matter volume was found in the right thalamus. A decrease in global white matter volume in the ASD group did not reach significance. We found the increase in grey matter volume in ASD subjects was greatest in those areas recognised for their role in social cognition, particularly face recognition (right fusiform gyrus), mental state attribution: 'theory of mind' (anterior cingulate and superior temporal sulcus) and perception of eye gaze (superior temporal gyrus). The picture as a whole may reflect an abnormally functioning social cognitive neural network. We suggest that increased grey matter volume may play a pivotal role in the aetiology of the autistic syndrome.
Neuroimage, 2005
A number of imaging and neuropathological studies have reported structural abnormalities in white... more A number of imaging and neuropathological studies have reported structural abnormalities in white matter areas such as the corpus callosum in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Differences in both global brain volume and the size of specific neural structures have been reported. In order to expand these previously reported findings and to describe more precisely the nature of such structural changes, we performed a voxel-based morphometric whole brain analysis, using a group-specific template, in male adolescents with ASD. Fifteen individuals with normal intelligence and ASD, and a group of 16 controls, matched for age, sex, and IQ, were investigated. Highresolution T1-weighted 3D data sets were acquired and analysed. Local white matter volume deficits were found in the corpus callosum, particularly in the anterior splenium and isthmus, and right hemisphere. White matter volume deficits were also found in the left middle temporal, right middle frontal, and left superior frontal gyri. No significant areas of increased white matter volume were found. Our findings support the hypothesis that reduced white matter volume in the corpus callosum and right hemisphere may play a role in the pathophysiology of ASD.
Physical Review D, Sep 12, 2000
Of the four fundamental normalization branching fractions of charmed hadrons B (D0→ K), B (D→ K),... more Of the four fundamental normalization branching fractions of charmed hadrons B (D0→ K), B (D→ K), B (Ds→), and B (c→ pK)], 1 the c→ pK branching fraction is the least well known, and presently the most controversial. There have been two basic methods used to estimate this branching fraction. The first uses, as input, the ratio of efficiency-corrected yields
Annals of the Missouri …, 2007
1 We thank the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and DNA Bank, the New York Botanical Garden, H... more 1 We thank the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and DNA Bank, the New York Botanical Garden, Harvard University Herbaria, the National Herbarium of the Netherlands–Leiden, the National Botanical Garden, Meise, Belgium, the Bailey Hortorium of Cornell University, ...
Org. Lett
The pyrrolidine ring is an enormously ubiquitous member of the community of naturally occurring a... more The pyrrolidine ring is an enormously ubiquitous member of the community of naturally occurring alkaloids. From proline to the indolizidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids to other classes of compounds, the natural products containing a pyrrolidine are too numerous to list. 1 Our ...
Analysis
Previous MIS696a projects and the MIS literature in general make it evident that this is not an e... more Previous MIS696a projects and the MIS literature in general make it evident that this is not an easy question to answer. When approached with this question, our class decided to approach it from two directions. First, considering the importance of MIS as a multidisciplinary field, we were interested in determining the similarities, differences, and relationships between MIS and several related research fields (eg psychology, management, economics, computer science, etc). The hope was that this examination ...
Wide-area sensor infrastructures, remote sensors, RFIDs, phasor measurements, and wireless sensor... more Wide-area sensor infrastructures, remote sensors, RFIDs, phasor measurements, and wireless sensor networks yield massive volumes of disparate, dynamic, and geographically distributed data. As such sensors are becoming ubiquitous, a set of broad requirements is beginning to emerge across high-priority applications including adaptability to national or homeland security, critical infrastructures monitoring, disaster preparedness and management, greenhouse emissions and climate change, and transportation. The raw ...
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011
Five flint knappers produced both multidirectional cores and early stage bifaces. The debitage as... more Five flint knappers produced both multidirectional cores and early stage bifaces. The debitage assemblages were compared to evaluate if, and to what degree, the debitage created by one flint knapper varies from that of other flint knappers. The debitage from these reduction episodes was then analyzed with commonly used and replicable debitage attributes. Each knapper was evaluated in terms of
Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, 2001
The role of contact interactions in the crystallization of membrane proteins was assessed by muta... more The role of contact interactions in the crystallization of membrane proteins was assessed by mutation of amino-acid residues on the surface of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Five single-site mutants were constructed, with changes in contact regions found in the trigonal and tetragonal forms but not the orthorhombic form. Crystallization trials for the tetragonal form yielded either no crystals or crystals with an altered morphology, whereas crystals grew in the other two forms, indicating that these interactions are essential for the stability of the tetragonal crystals. Changes in the structures determined by X-ray diffraction of trigonal crystals for each mutant were related to the quality of the diffraction. Significant differences in the resolution limit of the crystals were associated with the loss of specific interactions between neighboring proteins. The results suggest that the contact regions are crucial for obtaining highly ordered crystals of membrane proteins.
Integrative Biology, 2010
Geographical Analysis, 2002
Neuroimage, 2004
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with abnormal neuroanatomy in many imaging a... more Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with abnormal neuroanatomy in many imaging and neuropathological studies. Both global brain volume differences and differences in the size of specific neural structures have been reported. Here, we report a voxel-based morphometric whole brain analysis, using a group specific template, on 16 individuals of normal intelligence with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and a group of 16 age-, sex-and IQ-matched controls. Total grey matter volume was increased in the ASD group relative to the control group, with local volume increases in the right fusiform gyrus, the right temporo-occipital region and the left frontal pole extending to the medial frontal cortex. A local decrease in grey matter volume was found in the right thalamus. A decrease in global white matter volume in the ASD group did not reach significance. We found the increase in grey matter volume in ASD subjects was greatest in those areas recognised for their role in social cognition, particularly face recognition (right fusiform gyrus), mental state attribution: 'theory of mind' (anterior cingulate and superior temporal sulcus) and perception of eye gaze (superior temporal gyrus). The picture as a whole may reflect an abnormally functioning social cognitive neural network. We suggest that increased grey matter volume may play a pivotal role in the aetiology of the autistic syndrome.
Neuroimage, 2005
A number of imaging and neuropathological studies have reported structural abnormalities in white... more A number of imaging and neuropathological studies have reported structural abnormalities in white matter areas such as the corpus callosum in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Differences in both global brain volume and the size of specific neural structures have been reported. In order to expand these previously reported findings and to describe more precisely the nature of such structural changes, we performed a voxel-based morphometric whole brain analysis, using a group-specific template, in male adolescents with ASD. Fifteen individuals with normal intelligence and ASD, and a group of 16 controls, matched for age, sex, and IQ, were investigated. Highresolution T1-weighted 3D data sets were acquired and analysed. Local white matter volume deficits were found in the corpus callosum, particularly in the anterior splenium and isthmus, and right hemisphere. White matter volume deficits were also found in the left middle temporal, right middle frontal, and left superior frontal gyri. No significant areas of increased white matter volume were found. Our findings support the hypothesis that reduced white matter volume in the corpus callosum and right hemisphere may play a role in the pathophysiology of ASD.
Physical Review D, Sep 12, 2000
Of the four fundamental normalization branching fractions of charmed hadrons B (D0→ K), B (D→ K),... more Of the four fundamental normalization branching fractions of charmed hadrons B (D0→ K), B (D→ K), B (Ds→), and B (c→ pK)], 1 the c→ pK branching fraction is the least well known, and presently the most controversial. There have been two basic methods used to estimate this branching fraction. The first uses, as input, the ratio of efficiency-corrected yields
Annals of the Missouri …, 2007
1 We thank the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and DNA Bank, the New York Botanical Garden, H... more 1 We thank the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and DNA Bank, the New York Botanical Garden, Harvard University Herbaria, the National Herbarium of the Netherlands–Leiden, the National Botanical Garden, Meise, Belgium, the Bailey Hortorium of Cornell University, ...
Org. Lett
The pyrrolidine ring is an enormously ubiquitous member of the community of naturally occurring a... more The pyrrolidine ring is an enormously ubiquitous member of the community of naturally occurring alkaloids. From proline to the indolizidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids to other classes of compounds, the natural products containing a pyrrolidine are too numerous to list. 1 Our ...
Analysis
Previous MIS696a projects and the MIS literature in general make it evident that this is not an e... more Previous MIS696a projects and the MIS literature in general make it evident that this is not an easy question to answer. When approached with this question, our class decided to approach it from two directions. First, considering the importance of MIS as a multidisciplinary field, we were interested in determining the similarities, differences, and relationships between MIS and several related research fields (eg psychology, management, economics, computer science, etc). The hope was that this examination ...
Wide-area sensor infrastructures, remote sensors, RFIDs, phasor measurements, and wireless sensor... more Wide-area sensor infrastructures, remote sensors, RFIDs, phasor measurements, and wireless sensor networks yield massive volumes of disparate, dynamic, and geographically distributed data. As such sensors are becoming ubiquitous, a set of broad requirements is beginning to emerge across high-priority applications including adaptability to national or homeland security, critical infrastructures monitoring, disaster preparedness and management, greenhouse emissions and climate change, and transportation. The raw ...
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011
Five flint knappers produced both multidirectional cores and early stage bifaces. The debitage as... more Five flint knappers produced both multidirectional cores and early stage bifaces. The debitage assemblages were compared to evaluate if, and to what degree, the debitage created by one flint knapper varies from that of other flint knappers. The debitage from these reduction episodes was then analyzed with commonly used and replicable debitage attributes. Each knapper was evaluated in terms of
Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, 2001
The role of contact interactions in the crystallization of membrane proteins was assessed by muta... more The role of contact interactions in the crystallization of membrane proteins was assessed by mutation of amino-acid residues on the surface of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Five single-site mutants were constructed, with changes in contact regions found in the trigonal and tetragonal forms but not the orthorhombic form. Crystallization trials for the tetragonal form yielded either no crystals or crystals with an altered morphology, whereas crystals grew in the other two forms, indicating that these interactions are essential for the stability of the tetragonal crystals. Changes in the structures determined by X-ray diffraction of trigonal crystals for each mutant were related to the quality of the diffraction. Significant differences in the resolution limit of the crystals were associated with the loss of specific interactions between neighboring proteins. The results suggest that the contact regions are crucial for obtaining highly ordered crystals of membrane proteins.
Integrative Biology, 2010