kalyani bhole - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by kalyani bhole

Sophisticated automation is dependent upon industrial robots with precise position control servom... more Sophisticated automation is dependent upon industrial robots with precise position control servomotors. In the present work, a fractional order fuzzy PID controller (FOFPID) was designed to improve the position control response of a rotary servo system. The control errors and their fractional derivatives were applied as input scaling factors to the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Fuzzy inference system (FIS) was employed to restrict performance indices in control signals. FOFPID performance for a Quanser servomotor was compared against PID, fractional order PID and fuzzy PID (FPID) controllers in terms of both simulations and hardware implementation. The controller performance evaluation metrics included time domain characteristics such as rise, peak, settling times and over / undershoots. The integral absolute and integral time absolute errors were also evaluated for comparisons among the different controllers. Results establish that only the FOFPID controller achieves zero percent over and undershoots. It also attains better set point tracking over other controllers. Thus, FOFPID controller is the key to precision robotics in the smart factories of tomorrow.

The motivation of the projected work is to design and development of the smart wrist watch which ... more The motivation of the projected work is to design and development of the smart wrist watch which indicates the oxygen saturation(SpO2), temperature of the body along with real time clock and calorie burn calculator also able to keep a record of all these parameters which can be stored in personal computer. This database can be useful to physician for health diagnosis. The system has very small size and low cost. Now a days, every person is suspicious about their health, so this watch gives the real time indications of above parameters. This paper presents a reliable, effectual system which has a great impact on human body. According to the indications of body parameters on watch, people can adjust the temperature of body by drinking the water. Also if the level of oxygen decreases in the blood, human can go to the highly oxygenated area. It can show the daily calorie burn in the body as per the exercise. This device is very useful for those who are working in busy schedule or those who are giving less time to their health. In this proposed work, a genuine effort has been completed to design and development of the smaller size smart wrist watch.

Family physicians rarely see a malignant bone cancer because it is hard to find, and most of the ... more Family physicians rarely see a malignant bone cancer because it is hard to find, and most of the time, bone cancer is benign. It is very time-consuming and complicated for the pathologist to classify Osteosarcoma histopathological images. Typically Osteosarcoma classifies into viable, Non-viable, and Non-tumor classes, but intra-class variation and inter-class similarity are complex tasks. This paper used the Random Forest(RF) machine learning algorithm, which efficiently and accurately classifies Osteosarcoma into Viable, Non-viable, and Non-tumor classes. The Random Forest method gives a classification accuracy of 92.40%, a sensitivity of 85.44%, and specificity 93.38% with AUC=0.95.

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, Feb 1, 2022

Brain is the vital organ for action, learning, memory, thought formation and other cognitive acti... more Brain is the vital organ for action, learning, memory, thought formation and other cognitive activities. The neuron is the fundamental functional unit of the brain. It is a specialized cell created to transmit information and receive information from other nerve cells, muscle cells or gland cells. This paper describes the stochastic behavior of biological model of Neuron and its implementation in MATLAB Simulink to study the behavior of a neuron in a real-time environment. The Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical model describes how initiated and propagated action potentials in neurons takes place are for external stimulus. The stochastic behavior of a Hodgkin-Huxley neuron is studied for various external stimulus and helped to find various action potentials.

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in t... more ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in type 1 fuzzy inference system (FIS) for intravenous anesthesia control. A novel fixed to floating point conversion algorithm is proposed, and used in the implementation of floating point division in type 1 FIS. In our fuzzy rule based system, there are three input parameters described in various linguistic terms as the antecedent, which after aggegation, results into depth of anesthesia as the consequence in a fuzzy controller for closed loop control of intravenous anesthesia occupies 2586 slices of Xilinxs Spartan 3E FPGA.

Fetal Electrocardiogram (fECG) is used for continuously monitor the fetal cardiac health conditio... more Fetal Electrocardiogram (fECG) is used for continuously monitor the fetal cardiac health condition. fECG signal extracted from abdominal signal (AECG) of pregnant woman is very helpful diagnosis methodology for evaluating health condition of fetus. Abdominal ECG signal contains different interference signal. The interference include Maternal Electrocardiogram (mECG), base line wandering artifact, maternal electromyogram (EMG) signal interference, power line interference and random electronic noises. In this paper we proposed a methodology for removing and filtering these artifact by using independent component analysis (ICA) and adaptive filtering technique. This methodology is an efficient mechanism for extracting fetal ECG signal, non-invasively taken from abdominal ECG. ICA method have relatively high SNR and it is nonparametric. The observed result shows proposed method is useful for calculating fECG.

Phonocardiogram is a recording of the heart sounds and murmurs. From the PCG signal, we can ident... more Phonocardiogram is a recording of the heart sounds and murmurs. From the PCG signal, we can identify heart valve diseases like Mitral Stenosis(MS), Aortic Stenosis(AS), Mitral Regurgitation(MR), and Aortic Regurgitation(AR). The noise present in the PCG signal make diagnosis difficult. To overcome this problem, we used a machine-learning algorithm to predict and classify the PCG signal. For the classification of the HVDs, we extracted the features from the PCG signal and train the ML models with features. In this paper, we have to use the K-Nearest neighbors(KNN), AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithm to classify HVDs like Aortic and Mitral Regurgitation. We train our model using features extracted from PCG signals like time and frequency domain features. For the performance evaluation of the ML models, we used evaluation metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and AUC score. The average accuracy of KNN, AdaBoost, and SVM is 90.47%, 92.85% and 94.04%. SVM outperforms KNN and AdaBoost, where average accuracy is 94.04% with sensitivity 84.72%, specificity 95.30%, F1 score 85.16%, Kappa 0.82, and AUC score of 0.73.

Arithmetic circuits plays an important role in digital systems. Realization of complex digital ci... more Arithmetic circuits plays an important role in digital systems. Realization of complex digital circuits is possible with development in very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit technology. In this paper an arithmetic unit based on IEEE-754 standard for floating point numbers has been implemented on Spartan3E XC3S500e FPGA Board. Here Floating Point Unit (FPU) follows IEEE single precision format. Various arithmetic operations such as, addition, subtraction multiplication and division on floating point numbers have been performed on arithmetic unit. Novel approach of converting fixed to floating point saves around 30% of slices and can perform 50 Mega floating point operations per second on Spartan 3E FPGA at 50 MHz clock. Arithmetic operations using proposed conversion optimize space and speed requirements.

Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Dec 28, 2017

Anesthesia, an utmost important activity in operation theater, solely depends upon anesthesiologi... more Anesthesia, an utmost important activity in operation theater, solely depends upon anesthesiologist, an expert. In the case of absence of expertise, drug dosing may go under-dose or overdose. To overcome this problem, an expert-based system can be designed to guide newcomers in the field of anesthesia. This structure is called as decision support system. As this system is dependent on experts’ knowledge base, its performance depends on the expert’s expertise which can be validated by comparison with other expert’s knowledge base and finding maximum correlation among them. This paper demonstrates the application of prehistoric Gower’s coefficient to validate the expert’s expertise for fuzzy logic-based experts’ system. Database is collected from ten experts. For the 80% level of confidence, eight experts are classified into one group leaving two aside. Database of these eight experts is used for the design of decision support system. A set of 270 results noted from decision support system is validated from the expert. Out of 270, expert declines 3 decisions accepting 98.88% result.

Anaesthesia practice might involve instances proving to be life threatening. Hence one has to be ... more Anaesthesia practice might involve instances proving to be life threatening. Hence one has to be cautious and at the same time be able to avert any danger if any of such situation prevails But humans can make some errors based on their decision which may lead to loss of life. Hence there is a need to introduce an decision support system (DSS), which would take correct decisions based on the inputs. This paper presents the design and implementation of fuzzy logic based decision support system. Fuzzy logic mimics the human decisions as per the inputs. So the chances of propofol being infused wrongly are minimized. Also various parameters like heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure is continuously monitored. Based upon these inputs to the fuzzy decision support system and Lab-view Graphical user interface (GUI) will give appropriate decision as the depth of anesthesia. Hence the risk to life is attenuated to great extent. This type of decision support system can be used in hospitals and health-care facilities and will prove useful not only to professionals but also to the newcomers in the field of anesthesia. Another advantage of this system is cost effective and viable for human society. Experts based decision support system is designed and implemented using Lab-view. Developed GUI is validated from experts for 270 different conditions. Out of 270 experts 3 decisions accepting given by DSS.

For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable m... more For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable methodology to work with. We can achieve a certain level of accuracy and precision by accepting uncertainty. An Intuitionistic fuzzy logic represents imperfect knowledge that lies while dealing with real-life problems. For example, in decision making human opinion has two or more answers such as “may not be”, “might be” etc. In such a case human opinion is not firm or has some hesitancy in decision making. An intuitionistic fuzzy logic system can deal with this hesitancy and uncertainty that appears in the real world problems. This paper reviews on intuitionistic fuzzy set, its operations, intuitionistic fuzzy logic system and different applications with a case study in healthcare diagnosis.

New Trends in Computational Vision and Bio-inspired Computing, 2020

2022 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things (ICAIoT)

2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

2022 International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (IConSIP)

2022 International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (IConSIP)

For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable m... more For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable methodology to work with. We can achieve a certain level of accuracy and precision by accepting uncertainty. An Intuitionistic fuzzy logic represents imperfect knowledge that lies while dealing with real-life problems. For example, in decision making human opinion has two or more answers such as “may not be”, “might be” etc. In such a case human opinion is not firm or has some hesitancy in decision making. An intuitionistic fuzzy logic system can deal with this hesitancy and uncertainty that appears in the real world problems. This paper reviews on intuitionistic fuzzy set, its operations, intuitionistic fuzzy logic system and different applications with a case study in healthcare diagnosis.

2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC), 2015

Anesthetic drugs must be administered at an appropriate rate to prevent adverse reactions during ... more Anesthetic drugs must be administered at an appropriate rate to prevent adverse reactions during ambulatory surgery and after discharge from the hospital. Target Controlled Infusion (TCI), choose the target concentration and infusion pump deliver the dose to patient. TCI helps to avoid underdose or overdose. The anesthetic drug Propofol (Diprivan) slows the motion of patient's brain and nervous system. Target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol permit anesthetists to target constant blood concentrations and react punctually to signs of inappropriate anesthetic depth. Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) induces and preserves a drug concentration by using an internal three compartmental pharmacokinetic model. In this paper, the drug concentration which is deliver to patient is controlled by the controller, implemented on embedded system. The results shows that better accuracy is achieve with TCI as compared to manual infusion.

Sophisticated automation is dependent upon industrial robots with precise position control servom... more Sophisticated automation is dependent upon industrial robots with precise position control servomotors. In the present work, a fractional order fuzzy PID controller (FOFPID) was designed to improve the position control response of a rotary servo system. The control errors and their fractional derivatives were applied as input scaling factors to the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Fuzzy inference system (FIS) was employed to restrict performance indices in control signals. FOFPID performance for a Quanser servomotor was compared against PID, fractional order PID and fuzzy PID (FPID) controllers in terms of both simulations and hardware implementation. The controller performance evaluation metrics included time domain characteristics such as rise, peak, settling times and over / undershoots. The integral absolute and integral time absolute errors were also evaluated for comparisons among the different controllers. Results establish that only the FOFPID controller achieves zero percent over and undershoots. It also attains better set point tracking over other controllers. Thus, FOFPID controller is the key to precision robotics in the smart factories of tomorrow.

The motivation of the projected work is to design and development of the smart wrist watch which ... more The motivation of the projected work is to design and development of the smart wrist watch which indicates the oxygen saturation(SpO2), temperature of the body along with real time clock and calorie burn calculator also able to keep a record of all these parameters which can be stored in personal computer. This database can be useful to physician for health diagnosis. The system has very small size and low cost. Now a days, every person is suspicious about their health, so this watch gives the real time indications of above parameters. This paper presents a reliable, effectual system which has a great impact on human body. According to the indications of body parameters on watch, people can adjust the temperature of body by drinking the water. Also if the level of oxygen decreases in the blood, human can go to the highly oxygenated area. It can show the daily calorie burn in the body as per the exercise. This device is very useful for those who are working in busy schedule or those who are giving less time to their health. In this proposed work, a genuine effort has been completed to design and development of the smaller size smart wrist watch.

Family physicians rarely see a malignant bone cancer because it is hard to find, and most of the ... more Family physicians rarely see a malignant bone cancer because it is hard to find, and most of the time, bone cancer is benign. It is very time-consuming and complicated for the pathologist to classify Osteosarcoma histopathological images. Typically Osteosarcoma classifies into viable, Non-viable, and Non-tumor classes, but intra-class variation and inter-class similarity are complex tasks. This paper used the Random Forest(RF) machine learning algorithm, which efficiently and accurately classifies Osteosarcoma into Viable, Non-viable, and Non-tumor classes. The Random Forest method gives a classification accuracy of 92.40%, a sensitivity of 85.44%, and specificity 93.38% with AUC=0.95.

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, Feb 1, 2022

Brain is the vital organ for action, learning, memory, thought formation and other cognitive acti... more Brain is the vital organ for action, learning, memory, thought formation and other cognitive activities. The neuron is the fundamental functional unit of the brain. It is a specialized cell created to transmit information and receive information from other nerve cells, muscle cells or gland cells. This paper describes the stochastic behavior of biological model of Neuron and its implementation in MATLAB Simulink to study the behavior of a neuron in a real-time environment. The Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical model describes how initiated and propagated action potentials in neurons takes place are for external stimulus. The stochastic behavior of a Hodgkin-Huxley neuron is studied for various external stimulus and helped to find various action potentials.

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in t... more ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in type 1 fuzzy inference system (FIS) for intravenous anesthesia control. A novel fixed to floating point conversion algorithm is proposed, and used in the implementation of floating point division in type 1 FIS. In our fuzzy rule based system, there are three input parameters described in various linguistic terms as the antecedent, which after aggegation, results into depth of anesthesia as the consequence in a fuzzy controller for closed loop control of intravenous anesthesia occupies 2586 slices of Xilinxs Spartan 3E FPGA.

Fetal Electrocardiogram (fECG) is used for continuously monitor the fetal cardiac health conditio... more Fetal Electrocardiogram (fECG) is used for continuously monitor the fetal cardiac health condition. fECG signal extracted from abdominal signal (AECG) of pregnant woman is very helpful diagnosis methodology for evaluating health condition of fetus. Abdominal ECG signal contains different interference signal. The interference include Maternal Electrocardiogram (mECG), base line wandering artifact, maternal electromyogram (EMG) signal interference, power line interference and random electronic noises. In this paper we proposed a methodology for removing and filtering these artifact by using independent component analysis (ICA) and adaptive filtering technique. This methodology is an efficient mechanism for extracting fetal ECG signal, non-invasively taken from abdominal ECG. ICA method have relatively high SNR and it is nonparametric. The observed result shows proposed method is useful for calculating fECG.

Phonocardiogram is a recording of the heart sounds and murmurs. From the PCG signal, we can ident... more Phonocardiogram is a recording of the heart sounds and murmurs. From the PCG signal, we can identify heart valve diseases like Mitral Stenosis(MS), Aortic Stenosis(AS), Mitral Regurgitation(MR), and Aortic Regurgitation(AR). The noise present in the PCG signal make diagnosis difficult. To overcome this problem, we used a machine-learning algorithm to predict and classify the PCG signal. For the classification of the HVDs, we extracted the features from the PCG signal and train the ML models with features. In this paper, we have to use the K-Nearest neighbors(KNN), AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithm to classify HVDs like Aortic and Mitral Regurgitation. We train our model using features extracted from PCG signals like time and frequency domain features. For the performance evaluation of the ML models, we used evaluation metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and AUC score. The average accuracy of KNN, AdaBoost, and SVM is 90.47%, 92.85% and 94.04%. SVM outperforms KNN and AdaBoost, where average accuracy is 94.04% with sensitivity 84.72%, specificity 95.30%, F1 score 85.16%, Kappa 0.82, and AUC score of 0.73.

Arithmetic circuits plays an important role in digital systems. Realization of complex digital ci... more Arithmetic circuits plays an important role in digital systems. Realization of complex digital circuits is possible with development in very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit technology. In this paper an arithmetic unit based on IEEE-754 standard for floating point numbers has been implemented on Spartan3E XC3S500e FPGA Board. Here Floating Point Unit (FPU) follows IEEE single precision format. Various arithmetic operations such as, addition, subtraction multiplication and division on floating point numbers have been performed on arithmetic unit. Novel approach of converting fixed to floating point saves around 30% of slices and can perform 50 Mega floating point operations per second on Spartan 3E FPGA at 50 MHz clock. Arithmetic operations using proposed conversion optimize space and speed requirements.

Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Dec 28, 2017

Anesthesia, an utmost important activity in operation theater, solely depends upon anesthesiologi... more Anesthesia, an utmost important activity in operation theater, solely depends upon anesthesiologist, an expert. In the case of absence of expertise, drug dosing may go under-dose or overdose. To overcome this problem, an expert-based system can be designed to guide newcomers in the field of anesthesia. This structure is called as decision support system. As this system is dependent on experts’ knowledge base, its performance depends on the expert’s expertise which can be validated by comparison with other expert’s knowledge base and finding maximum correlation among them. This paper demonstrates the application of prehistoric Gower’s coefficient to validate the expert’s expertise for fuzzy logic-based experts’ system. Database is collected from ten experts. For the 80% level of confidence, eight experts are classified into one group leaving two aside. Database of these eight experts is used for the design of decision support system. A set of 270 results noted from decision support system is validated from the expert. Out of 270, expert declines 3 decisions accepting 98.88% result.

Anaesthesia practice might involve instances proving to be life threatening. Hence one has to be ... more Anaesthesia practice might involve instances proving to be life threatening. Hence one has to be cautious and at the same time be able to avert any danger if any of such situation prevails But humans can make some errors based on their decision which may lead to loss of life. Hence there is a need to introduce an decision support system (DSS), which would take correct decisions based on the inputs. This paper presents the design and implementation of fuzzy logic based decision support system. Fuzzy logic mimics the human decisions as per the inputs. So the chances of propofol being infused wrongly are minimized. Also various parameters like heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure is continuously monitored. Based upon these inputs to the fuzzy decision support system and Lab-view Graphical user interface (GUI) will give appropriate decision as the depth of anesthesia. Hence the risk to life is attenuated to great extent. This type of decision support system can be used in hospitals and health-care facilities and will prove useful not only to professionals but also to the newcomers in the field of anesthesia. Another advantage of this system is cost effective and viable for human society. Experts based decision support system is designed and implemented using Lab-view. Developed GUI is validated from experts for 270 different conditions. Out of 270 experts 3 decisions accepting given by DSS.

For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable m... more For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable methodology to work with. We can achieve a certain level of accuracy and precision by accepting uncertainty. An Intuitionistic fuzzy logic represents imperfect knowledge that lies while dealing with real-life problems. For example, in decision making human opinion has two or more answers such as “may not be”, “might be” etc. In such a case human opinion is not firm or has some hesitancy in decision making. An intuitionistic fuzzy logic system can deal with this hesitancy and uncertainty that appears in the real world problems. This paper reviews on intuitionistic fuzzy set, its operations, intuitionistic fuzzy logic system and different applications with a case study in healthcare diagnosis.

New Trends in Computational Vision and Bio-inspired Computing, 2020

2022 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things (ICAIoT)

2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

2022 International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (IConSIP)

2022 International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (IConSIP)

For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable m... more For complex, ill-defined problems, where the uncertainty lies, fuzzy logic is the best suitable methodology to work with. We can achieve a certain level of accuracy and precision by accepting uncertainty. An Intuitionistic fuzzy logic represents imperfect knowledge that lies while dealing with real-life problems. For example, in decision making human opinion has two or more answers such as “may not be”, “might be” etc. In such a case human opinion is not firm or has some hesitancy in decision making. An intuitionistic fuzzy logic system can deal with this hesitancy and uncertainty that appears in the real world problems. This paper reviews on intuitionistic fuzzy set, its operations, intuitionistic fuzzy logic system and different applications with a case study in healthcare diagnosis.

2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC), 2015

Anesthetic drugs must be administered at an appropriate rate to prevent adverse reactions during ... more Anesthetic drugs must be administered at an appropriate rate to prevent adverse reactions during ambulatory surgery and after discharge from the hospital. Target Controlled Infusion (TCI), choose the target concentration and infusion pump deliver the dose to patient. TCI helps to avoid underdose or overdose. The anesthetic drug Propofol (Diprivan) slows the motion of patient's brain and nervous system. Target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol permit anesthetists to target constant blood concentrations and react punctually to signs of inappropriate anesthetic depth. Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) induces and preserves a drug concentration by using an internal three compartmental pharmacokinetic model. In this paper, the drug concentration which is deliver to patient is controlled by the controller, implemented on embedded system. The results shows that better accuracy is achieve with TCI as compared to manual infusion.