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Papers by zeenatkhanu kanji

Research paper thumbnail of 9 - Assessing the Cognitive Domain through MCQs: Critical to Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Journal of Higher Education in Africa

While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lo... more While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lose sight of the intent to measure both expected learning outcomes and intended programme objectives. The achievement of quality assessment is rooted in ensuring that the content and approaches to delivery produce graduates and programmes which are high quality. One of the most common strategies to assessing higher order cognitive domain is via Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). In this paper we will reflect on a quality assurance effort to ensure that this strategy was appropriate (doing the right thing), necessary (for the right reasons) and sufficient (achieving the desired results) in meeting the requirements. An exemplar of a continuing professional development approach to the constructing, measuring and evaluation of MCQs is provided, which emphasised the imperative of both faculty (peer) and organisational commitment to the process and achieving the desired product of competent and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses

Nursing is an important part of society, as it serves the health care needs of people everywhere.... more Nursing is an important part of society, as it serves the health care needs of people everywhere. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in a broad diversity of practice areas with a range of practices. Nurses have influenced health care globally by actively participating in policymaking, by continuously reviewing their roles according to the health care needs of the populations they serve, and by contributing to the health care in hospitals, in rural areas, and in the community. They also make an important contribution to education, administration, and research

Research paper thumbnail of Enrichment programme in Kabul, Afghanistan: access to higher education at Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan

International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical profile of patients admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Resilience in Afghan children and their families: a review

Paediatric nursing, 2007

Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This artic... more Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This article draws on personal reflections of living in the post-Taliban period in Afghanistan and a review of the literature to explore resilience processes that may be present in the Afghan population. Adverse factors that Afghan children and families face include: destruction of infrastructure, danger, traumatic experiences, post traumatic stress disorder, political and ideological commitment. The protective factors that may have enabled them to survive, and subsequently rebuild in the face of multiple challenges are absolute faith in Allah (God), family support and community support. Understanding more about the kinds of adversities they face and the nature of their protective processes gives healthcare professionals a basis for working with them to improve their health and wellbeing.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Cognitive Domain through MCQs: Critical to Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2017

While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lo... more While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lose sight of the intent to measure both expected learning outcomes and intended programme objectives. The achievement of quality assessment is rooted in ensuring that the content and approaches to delivery produce graduates and programmes which are high quality. One of the most common strategies to assessing higher order cognitive domain is via Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). In this paper we will reflect on a quality assurance effort to ensure that this strategy was appropriate (doing the right thing), necessary (for the right reasons) and sufficient (achieving the desired results) in meeting the requirements. An exemplar of a continuing professional development approach to the constructing, measuring and evaluation of MCQs is provided, which emphasised the imperative of both faculty (peer) and organisational commitment to the process and achieving the desired product of competent and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of Patients Regarding Quality Nursing Care (QNC) at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics

Background: Patients' experiences regarding the quality of care continue to be a hot topic of dis... more Background: Patients' experiences regarding the quality of care continue to be a hot topic of discussion in the healthcare industry. Exploring the quality of nursing care from the patients' perspectives is a vital element of quality evaluation. The purpose of this study was to explore the patients' perspectives regarding quality nursing care. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used. A total of twelve participants were recruited from one medical and one surgical unit at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis generated three main themes: (1) meaning of QNC, (2) characteristics of nurses, and (3) participants' recommendations. Conclusion: Nursing care continues to be the foundation of healthcare and QNC could have a great effect on patients' positive outcome of recovery and well-being. The study also provided vital implications for nursing administrators, practicing nurses, nursing, education, and research.

Research paper thumbnail of A Qualitative Outlook on Spirituality in the 21st Century, from Adult Perspectives

J. H. Karima,, 2021

According to positive psychology, the goal of spirituality is to stimulate protective techniques ... more According to positive psychology, the goal of spirituality is to stimulate protective techniques which can contribute to happiness, wellbeing, and good health using core virtues such as transcendence. While lacking in the 21 st century lifestyles, transcendence, in positive psychology suggests that spirituality is a divine breath of life; it resides in the body and can shape and provide comfort to the inner-self. Based on research, adults are a prime population, whose modern lifestyles are complex and vulnerable. This research aimed to understand spirituality in the 21 st century, from the adult perspectives. Twelve participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique, and the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and were then coded into three master themes: a) spirituality is subjective, b) intentions can influence spiritual practice, and c) spirituality is a core element of human life. The findings of this study were remarkable as they demonstrated that the purpose of spirituality in one's life is profound and beyond human knowledge such that it has the potential to tackle the basic assumptions of human life. Spirituality, according to this research, can contribute to future and practical implications by instilling spiritual practices into different aspects of daily life; thereby emphasizing on the need to invest in the spirituality of 21 st century adults by starting from, as early as, in elementary education.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Lived Experiences of Married Pakistani Women Post-Mastectomy

Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Comm... more This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychobiobehavioral Model for Preterm Birth in Pregnant Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

BioMed Research International, 2015

Preterm birth (PTB) is a final common outcome resulting from many interrelated etiological pathwa... more Preterm birth (PTB) is a final common outcome resulting from many interrelated etiological pathways; of particular interest is antenatal psychosocial distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). In LMI countries, both exposure to severe life stressors and rate of PTB are on average greater when compared with high-income countries. In LMI countries women are exposed to some of the most extreme psychosocial stress worldwide (e.g., absolute poverty, limited social resources). High prevalence of antenatal stress and depression have been observed in some studies from LMI countries. We propose a psychosocial, biological, and behavioral model for investigating the complex multisystem interactions in stress responses leading to PTB and explain the basis of this approach. We discuss ethical considerations for a psychosocial, biological, and behavioral screening tool to predict PTB from a LMI country perspective.

Research paper thumbnail of Enrichment Programme in Kabul, Afghanistan: Access to Higher Education at Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan

International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Resilience in Afghan children and their families: a review

Paediatric nursing, 2007

Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This artic... more Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This article draws on personal reflections of living in the post-Taliban period in Afghanistan and a review of the literature to explore resilience processes that may be present in the Afghan population. Adverse factors that Afghan children and families face include: destruction of infrastructure, danger, traumatic experiences, post traumatic stress disorder, political and ideological commitment. The protective factors that may have enabled them to survive, and subsequently rebuild in the face of multiple challenges are absolute faith in Allah (God), family support and community support. Understanding more about the kinds of adversities they face and the nature of their protective processes gives healthcare professionals a basis for working with them to improve their health and wellbeing.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Experiences of Resilience in Muslim Afghan Refugee Children

Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 2010

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Muslim Afghan refugee children living in ... more The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Muslim Afghan refugee children living in Canada. War has an impact on a child's life, including education and protection by the family and community. The actual course of events of war can never be told completely due to the occurrence of simultaneous adversities. Hermeneutic photography was used to understand the experiences of Afghan children. Data were collected through photo conversations. Building and sustaining resilience was a theme that emerged from the data analysis. The findings of the study provide a useful guide for education, practice, and policy development to benefit Afghan refugee children and their families to overcome adversities in a new country.

Research paper thumbnail of Preterm Birth a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression in Pakistani Women

Open Journal of Depression, 2013

A Pakistani cohort of 170 mothers of full-term infants and 34 mothers of preterm infants were scr... more A Pakistani cohort of 170 mothers of full-term infants and 34 mothers of preterm infants were screened at 6 weeks after delivery to compare the rate of PPD, and examine the contribution of parenting stress and mother-infant interaction to PPD among mothers of preterm infants. Mothers completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and a general questionnaire. Mothers of preterm infants also completed the parental stress scale and parental bonding questionnaire. The rate of PPD was significantly higher with the adjusted odds increasing by 2.68 (95% Confidence Interval 1.16-6.17, p = .015) in mothers of preterm infants. Significantly more depressed mothers of preterm infants did not receive some level of support from their husbands (p = .014), and had some level of difficulty feeding (p = .03) or identifying the amount to feed their infant (p = .02). A large proportion of mothers reported no support from friends in rearing children.

Research paper thumbnail of A Qualitative Study: Why Prolonged Stay in the Recovery Room?

British Journal of Anaesthetic and Recovery Nursing, 2011

There are a number of factors that prolong patients' stay in the recovery room (RR), which are re... more There are a number of factors that prolong patients' stay in the recovery room (RR), which are related to system or clinical issues. However, less has been discovered from the RR nurses about reasons for prolonged patient stay and recommendations to solve this issue. Prolonged patient stay of more than 2 hours in the RR interferes with the primary role of the RR nurse, which is to provide care to immediate postanaesthesia patients. Consequently, this could affect the operating room schedule, normal flow of patients to the RR and discharge to the nursing units.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Global Perspectives on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Vulnerable Babies of the World

Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 2011

The authors as Canadian trained neonatal nurses have acquired neonatal nurse practitioner trainin... more The authors as Canadian trained neonatal nurses have acquired neonatal nurse practitioner training and have been afforded the opportunity to work or provide consultation in countries such as Afghanistan, China, Kenya, Tanzania, Pakistan, and Syria. This study describes the perspectives on neonatal intensive care units in developing countries, which are a culmination of personal experiences reinforced by colleagues with experiences in South Africa, India, Nepal, Uganda, and Vietnam and relate to family decision making and access to care, referral and transport of ill babies, capacity of health care facility, neonatal nursing training and education, and neonatal sepsis, the leading cause of death. The potential impact of the patterns of neonatal mortality are presented. Clinical implications are explored as an attempt to improve the quality of care and improve neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries in the absence of material and human resources.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Postpartum Depression, Preterm Birth, and Culture

The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 2013

Postpartum depression (PPD) varies worldwide and is considered a serious issue because of its dev... more Postpartum depression (PPD) varies worldwide and is considered a serious issue because of its devastating effects on mothers, families, and infants or children. Preterm birth may be a risk factor for PPD. In 2005, the global incidence of preterm birth was estimated to be 9.6%, and of these births, 85% occurred in Africa and Asia. Among Asian countries, Pakistan has a preterm birth rate of 15.7% and the highest prevalence rate of PPD (63.3%). A literature review was therefore undertaken to better understand the potential contribution of preterm birth to PPD and to identify gaps in the scientific literature. Limited studies compare prevalence rates of PPD in mothers of full-term infants and mothers of preterm infants. Furthermore, meta-analyses examining predictors of PPD have not included preterm birth as a variable. The interrelationship between preterm birth and PPD may be explained by early parental stress and mother-infant interaction among mothers of preterm infants. Culture plays an important role in shaping communication between mothers and their infants and defines social support rituals that may or may not mediate PPD. More research is needed to provide evidence for practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Experiences of Nurses Related to Prolonged-Stay Patients in a Postanesthesia Care Unit in Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2012

The role of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is to provide short-term monitoring of patients a... more The role of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is to provide short-term monitoring of patients after surgery until recovery from anesthesia. The transfer of patients from the PACU to their designated units, however, may be delayed for various reasons. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences of six nurses working in the PACU at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. The data were grouped into categories and subcategories. An overarching theme that was derived from the content analysis was that of the factors impacting quality patient care. The content analysis generated a broad category of ''general effects'' and subcategories that included patients, families, and PACU nurses. The findings highlight the effects of prolonged PACU stays on patients, their families, and PACU nurses.

Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged-Stay Patients in the PACU: A Review of the Literature

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2013

The postanesthesia care unit (PACU) provides general to intensive care to immediate postsurgical ... more The postanesthesia care unit (PACU) provides general to intensive care to immediate postsurgical patients. Patients with extensive surgeries are often kept in PACU until their condition is stabilized before shifting them to their designated wards, creating more demands on PACU nurses. A prolonged patient stay in a PACU is a crucial issue as it creates bottlenecks that may result in the slowing down of the surgical schedule, leading to dissatisfaction for surgeons, nurses, patients, and their families. A literature search was undertaken to understand the definition and causes of prolonged PACU patient stay and the impact of these prolonged stays on PACU function and flow. Limited studies discuss the impact of prolonged PACU stays on patients, families, and PACU nurses. Future research is required to explore the experiences of PACU nurses related to prolonged-stay patients.

Research paper thumbnail of 9 - Assessing the Cognitive Domain through MCQs: Critical to Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Journal of Higher Education in Africa

While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lo... more While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lose sight of the intent to measure both expected learning outcomes and intended programme objectives. The achievement of quality assessment is rooted in ensuring that the content and approaches to delivery produce graduates and programmes which are high quality. One of the most common strategies to assessing higher order cognitive domain is via Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). In this paper we will reflect on a quality assurance effort to ensure that this strategy was appropriate (doing the right thing), necessary (for the right reasons) and sufficient (achieving the desired results) in meeting the requirements. An exemplar of a continuing professional development approach to the constructing, measuring and evaluation of MCQs is provided, which emphasised the imperative of both faculty (peer) and organisational commitment to the process and achieving the desired product of competent and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses

Nursing is an important part of society, as it serves the health care needs of people everywhere.... more Nursing is an important part of society, as it serves the health care needs of people everywhere. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in a broad diversity of practice areas with a range of practices. Nurses have influenced health care globally by actively participating in policymaking, by continuously reviewing their roles according to the health care needs of the populations they serve, and by contributing to the health care in hospitals, in rural areas, and in the community. They also make an important contribution to education, administration, and research

Research paper thumbnail of Enrichment programme in Kabul, Afghanistan: access to higher education at Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan

International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical profile of patients admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Resilience in Afghan children and their families: a review

Paediatric nursing, 2007

Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This artic... more Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This article draws on personal reflections of living in the post-Taliban period in Afghanistan and a review of the literature to explore resilience processes that may be present in the Afghan population. Adverse factors that Afghan children and families face include: destruction of infrastructure, danger, traumatic experiences, post traumatic stress disorder, political and ideological commitment. The protective factors that may have enabled them to survive, and subsequently rebuild in the face of multiple challenges are absolute faith in Allah (God), family support and community support. Understanding more about the kinds of adversities they face and the nature of their protective processes gives healthcare professionals a basis for working with them to improve their health and wellbeing.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Cognitive Domain through MCQs: Critical to Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2017

While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lo... more While establishing assessment methods as a critical element of quality assurance, one must not lose sight of the intent to measure both expected learning outcomes and intended programme objectives. The achievement of quality assessment is rooted in ensuring that the content and approaches to delivery produce graduates and programmes which are high quality. One of the most common strategies to assessing higher order cognitive domain is via Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). In this paper we will reflect on a quality assurance effort to ensure that this strategy was appropriate (doing the right thing), necessary (for the right reasons) and sufficient (achieving the desired results) in meeting the requirements. An exemplar of a continuing professional development approach to the constructing, measuring and evaluation of MCQs is provided, which emphasised the imperative of both faculty (peer) and organisational commitment to the process and achieving the desired product of competent and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of Patients Regarding Quality Nursing Care (QNC) at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics

Background: Patients' experiences regarding the quality of care continue to be a hot topic of dis... more Background: Patients' experiences regarding the quality of care continue to be a hot topic of discussion in the healthcare industry. Exploring the quality of nursing care from the patients' perspectives is a vital element of quality evaluation. The purpose of this study was to explore the patients' perspectives regarding quality nursing care. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used. A total of twelve participants were recruited from one medical and one surgical unit at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis generated three main themes: (1) meaning of QNC, (2) characteristics of nurses, and (3) participants' recommendations. Conclusion: Nursing care continues to be the foundation of healthcare and QNC could have a great effect on patients' positive outcome of recovery and well-being. The study also provided vital implications for nursing administrators, practicing nurses, nursing, education, and research.

Research paper thumbnail of A Qualitative Outlook on Spirituality in the 21st Century, from Adult Perspectives

J. H. Karima,, 2021

According to positive psychology, the goal of spirituality is to stimulate protective techniques ... more According to positive psychology, the goal of spirituality is to stimulate protective techniques which can contribute to happiness, wellbeing, and good health using core virtues such as transcendence. While lacking in the 21 st century lifestyles, transcendence, in positive psychology suggests that spirituality is a divine breath of life; it resides in the body and can shape and provide comfort to the inner-self. Based on research, adults are a prime population, whose modern lifestyles are complex and vulnerable. This research aimed to understand spirituality in the 21 st century, from the adult perspectives. Twelve participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique, and the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and were then coded into three master themes: a) spirituality is subjective, b) intentions can influence spiritual practice, and c) spirituality is a core element of human life. The findings of this study were remarkable as they demonstrated that the purpose of spirituality in one's life is profound and beyond human knowledge such that it has the potential to tackle the basic assumptions of human life. Spirituality, according to this research, can contribute to future and practical implications by instilling spiritual practices into different aspects of daily life; thereby emphasizing on the need to invest in the spirituality of 21 st century adults by starting from, as early as, in elementary education.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Lived Experiences of Married Pakistani Women Post-Mastectomy

Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Comm... more This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychobiobehavioral Model for Preterm Birth in Pregnant Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

BioMed Research International, 2015

Preterm birth (PTB) is a final common outcome resulting from many interrelated etiological pathwa... more Preterm birth (PTB) is a final common outcome resulting from many interrelated etiological pathways; of particular interest is antenatal psychosocial distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). In LMI countries, both exposure to severe life stressors and rate of PTB are on average greater when compared with high-income countries. In LMI countries women are exposed to some of the most extreme psychosocial stress worldwide (e.g., absolute poverty, limited social resources). High prevalence of antenatal stress and depression have been observed in some studies from LMI countries. We propose a psychosocial, biological, and behavioral model for investigating the complex multisystem interactions in stress responses leading to PTB and explain the basis of this approach. We discuss ethical considerations for a psychosocial, biological, and behavioral screening tool to predict PTB from a LMI country perspective.

Research paper thumbnail of Enrichment Programme in Kabul, Afghanistan: Access to Higher Education at Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan

International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Resilience in Afghan children and their families: a review

Paediatric nursing, 2007

Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This artic... more Resilience enables individuals to survive the horrors of war and other such tragedies. This article draws on personal reflections of living in the post-Taliban period in Afghanistan and a review of the literature to explore resilience processes that may be present in the Afghan population. Adverse factors that Afghan children and families face include: destruction of infrastructure, danger, traumatic experiences, post traumatic stress disorder, political and ideological commitment. The protective factors that may have enabled them to survive, and subsequently rebuild in the face of multiple challenges are absolute faith in Allah (God), family support and community support. Understanding more about the kinds of adversities they face and the nature of their protective processes gives healthcare professionals a basis for working with them to improve their health and wellbeing.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Experiences of Resilience in Muslim Afghan Refugee Children

Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 2010

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Muslim Afghan refugee children living in ... more The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Muslim Afghan refugee children living in Canada. War has an impact on a child's life, including education and protection by the family and community. The actual course of events of war can never be told completely due to the occurrence of simultaneous adversities. Hermeneutic photography was used to understand the experiences of Afghan children. Data were collected through photo conversations. Building and sustaining resilience was a theme that emerged from the data analysis. The findings of the study provide a useful guide for education, practice, and policy development to benefit Afghan refugee children and their families to overcome adversities in a new country.

Research paper thumbnail of Preterm Birth a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression in Pakistani Women

Open Journal of Depression, 2013

A Pakistani cohort of 170 mothers of full-term infants and 34 mothers of preterm infants were scr... more A Pakistani cohort of 170 mothers of full-term infants and 34 mothers of preterm infants were screened at 6 weeks after delivery to compare the rate of PPD, and examine the contribution of parenting stress and mother-infant interaction to PPD among mothers of preterm infants. Mothers completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and a general questionnaire. Mothers of preterm infants also completed the parental stress scale and parental bonding questionnaire. The rate of PPD was significantly higher with the adjusted odds increasing by 2.68 (95% Confidence Interval 1.16-6.17, p = .015) in mothers of preterm infants. Significantly more depressed mothers of preterm infants did not receive some level of support from their husbands (p = .014), and had some level of difficulty feeding (p = .03) or identifying the amount to feed their infant (p = .02). A large proportion of mothers reported no support from friends in rearing children.

Research paper thumbnail of A Qualitative Study: Why Prolonged Stay in the Recovery Room?

British Journal of Anaesthetic and Recovery Nursing, 2011

There are a number of factors that prolong patients' stay in the recovery room (RR), which are re... more There are a number of factors that prolong patients' stay in the recovery room (RR), which are related to system or clinical issues. However, less has been discovered from the RR nurses about reasons for prolonged patient stay and recommendations to solve this issue. Prolonged patient stay of more than 2 hours in the RR interferes with the primary role of the RR nurse, which is to provide care to immediate postanaesthesia patients. Consequently, this could affect the operating room schedule, normal flow of patients to the RR and discharge to the nursing units.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Global Perspectives on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Vulnerable Babies of the World

Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 2011

The authors as Canadian trained neonatal nurses have acquired neonatal nurse practitioner trainin... more The authors as Canadian trained neonatal nurses have acquired neonatal nurse practitioner training and have been afforded the opportunity to work or provide consultation in countries such as Afghanistan, China, Kenya, Tanzania, Pakistan, and Syria. This study describes the perspectives on neonatal intensive care units in developing countries, which are a culmination of personal experiences reinforced by colleagues with experiences in South Africa, India, Nepal, Uganda, and Vietnam and relate to family decision making and access to care, referral and transport of ill babies, capacity of health care facility, neonatal nursing training and education, and neonatal sepsis, the leading cause of death. The potential impact of the patterns of neonatal mortality are presented. Clinical implications are explored as an attempt to improve the quality of care and improve neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries in the absence of material and human resources.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Postpartum Depression, Preterm Birth, and Culture

The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 2013

Postpartum depression (PPD) varies worldwide and is considered a serious issue because of its dev... more Postpartum depression (PPD) varies worldwide and is considered a serious issue because of its devastating effects on mothers, families, and infants or children. Preterm birth may be a risk factor for PPD. In 2005, the global incidence of preterm birth was estimated to be 9.6%, and of these births, 85% occurred in Africa and Asia. Among Asian countries, Pakistan has a preterm birth rate of 15.7% and the highest prevalence rate of PPD (63.3%). A literature review was therefore undertaken to better understand the potential contribution of preterm birth to PPD and to identify gaps in the scientific literature. Limited studies compare prevalence rates of PPD in mothers of full-term infants and mothers of preterm infants. Furthermore, meta-analyses examining predictors of PPD have not included preterm birth as a variable. The interrelationship between preterm birth and PPD may be explained by early parental stress and mother-infant interaction among mothers of preterm infants. Culture plays an important role in shaping communication between mothers and their infants and defines social support rituals that may or may not mediate PPD. More research is needed to provide evidence for practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Experiences of Nurses Related to Prolonged-Stay Patients in a Postanesthesia Care Unit in Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2012

The role of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is to provide short-term monitoring of patients a... more The role of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is to provide short-term monitoring of patients after surgery until recovery from anesthesia. The transfer of patients from the PACU to their designated units, however, may be delayed for various reasons. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences of six nurses working in the PACU at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. The data were grouped into categories and subcategories. An overarching theme that was derived from the content analysis was that of the factors impacting quality patient care. The content analysis generated a broad category of ''general effects'' and subcategories that included patients, families, and PACU nurses. The findings highlight the effects of prolonged PACU stays on patients, their families, and PACU nurses.

Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged-Stay Patients in the PACU: A Review of the Literature

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2013

The postanesthesia care unit (PACU) provides general to intensive care to immediate postsurgical ... more The postanesthesia care unit (PACU) provides general to intensive care to immediate postsurgical patients. Patients with extensive surgeries are often kept in PACU until their condition is stabilized before shifting them to their designated wards, creating more demands on PACU nurses. A prolonged patient stay in a PACU is a crucial issue as it creates bottlenecks that may result in the slowing down of the surgical schedule, leading to dissatisfaction for surgeons, nurses, patients, and their families. A literature search was undertaken to understand the definition and causes of prolonged PACU patient stay and the impact of these prolonged stays on PACU function and flow. Limited studies discuss the impact of prolonged PACU stays on patients, families, and PACU nurses. Future research is required to explore the experiences of PACU nurses related to prolonged-stay patients.