Sunaina kanojia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sunaina kanojia
Social Science Research Network, Apr 15, 2015
In general, any one known to stock market is acquainted with the phenomenon of bull and bear phas... more In general, any one known to stock market is acquainted with the phenomenon of bull and bear phases, but whether the traders or investors put air to these phases while making a decision to buy, sell, or stay invested. The present paper attempts to identify and analyse the two most popular market phases, i.e. bull and bear, for better investment decisions with the use of Bry and Boschan Algorithm and time series data. Further, it seeks to analyse the distributional characteristics of the variances in stock returns and search evidence of asymmetries, if any, in volatility under different market conditions which may help to shed light on the bull and bear phases of Indian equity market.The study arrange for evidence that in bull markets, stock prices run far ahead of earnings and for fairly long periods of time. The paper indicates12bull and bear phases in the Sensex and Nifty during the sample period of 19years with the associated factors responsible for the shift of bull and bear market phases. The results provide considerable support for the view that markets choose to ignore adverse possibilities and react with zest to favourable possibilities and market declines can partly be explained by increases in risk.
Which theoretical lens has been used for developing the research problem. Explain why CSAD model ... more Which theoretical lens has been used for developing the research problem. Explain why CSAD model is used in your investigations? CSAD has been used numerous times, emphasize on its suitability on your data set. How these results are better than those reported earlier. It has been stated "Results concluded that USA stock market was more sensitive due to major presence compared to Chinese stock markets."…perhaps due to the time taken as new year, which is more specific to US as compared to Chinese New Year which is in February. Shed some light on it.
Global Business Review
Using unique propositions of systems and peoples approaches, this study aims to examine the tense... more Using unique propositions of systems and peoples approaches, this study aims to examine the tensegrity of internal control system, board’s ability and corporate governance practices (CGPs) by evaluating the impact of CGPs on the internal control system and the board of directors’ ability to manage and steer a company in an efficient manner. We analyse the moderation effect of the internal control system on the relationship between CGPs and board’s ability. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) to place evidence highlighting the impact of CGPs on the internal control system and board’s ability. The variables used were tested for endogeneity and the results found to be robust. The statistical strength of CGPs on internal control systems is found to be greater than the board’s ability. We documented that robust internal control system facilitates CG practices to improve the abilities of the board to attain corporate excellence by moderating ...
Corporate Governance: An International Review, 2013
Academy of Management Proceedings
Corporate Governance Insight
Despite of decades of ongoing debate, there has been a little impact on corporate practices, as t... more Despite of decades of ongoing debate, there has been a little impact on corporate practices, as the representation of women serving on the corporate boards of the large, prime or most visible corporation has remained negligible across the world.To expound the longing to have gender diverse board for implementation of better corporate governance and long term survival of corporations in India.The results revealed that in context of India, women participation on corporate boards is at the stage of tokenism. Findings revealed that the provision under the Companies Act, 2013 wherein certain class of companies to have at least one woman director has eventually necessitated in India to bring any real change in the homogeneous boards and there are substantial number of hindrances for women in the form of organisational, individual and societal barriers while climbing the corporate ladder still women exhibit diverse leadership style and women's presence leads to qualitative advancement. The analysis of data highlights that women are vigilant about all stakeholders' interest and women are risk averse. It provides an explanation for previous inconclusive findings of studies regarding the impact of women on corporate governance by advocating the need to enhance board effectiveness as a transitional stride in understanding the effects of board on governance level outcomes.
Corporate Governance Insight
The study aims to explore the pattern of corporate political donations in India from 2004-2019 an... more The study aims to explore the pattern of corporate political donations in India from 2004-2019 and its mode of funding. It attempts to highlight the flaws and shortcomings in their disclosure norms. The role of Corporate Social Responsibility funds as a surrogate political funding has also been examined .It also explores the emergence of electoral trusts as a new mode of corporate political funding in India.It analyses the data of funds received by national political parties in India disclosed in their contribution reports on the election commission website and on company's website. It also explores the disclosure pattern of select companies (companies which have contributed more than Rs. 1 crore towards corporate political funding not through electoral trust over the years (2004-2018) .It also studies the pattern of growth of electoral trust as a mode of corporate political funding in India. The analysis of secondary data highlights the sorry state of effectiveness of disclosure norms and consent taking mechanism for corporate political funding decisions. It indicates that somehow philanthropy is not the idea or intention behind corporate funding. The study found that sectors dependent on government policy decisions are keener to donate to political parties. It encourages the exploration of adaption of new technology for better implementation of corporate governance and corporate political funding framework. Evidence from the analysis of the data highlights the emergence of real estate sector as one of the most prominent donors to political parties for 2004-2019 .The results also point towards an inequitable allocation of funds to various parties leading to an uneven playing field. It highlights that a stringent mechanism is needed to curb this upcoming menace of crony capitalism.
Corporate Governance Insight
The present study aims to ascertain the factors which can impact the corporate political funding ... more The present study aims to ascertain the factors which can impact the corporate political funding (CPF) decisions. It examines the perceptions of key managerial personnel (top management) about CPF gathered through a structured questionnaire. The focus of the study is to find out the antecedents to corporate political funding and analyse the perception of the top management which impacts CPF decisions. The study analyses the perception of the top management board of directors who make the decisions in the context of political funding using a structured questionnaire. Using Independent T-test, One-way Anova and OLS, the study attempts to explore various factors which impact managements' decision related to corporate political funding and indicate the most prominent amongst them. The study provides evidence towards motive behind the funding is the main antecedent to CPF decisions. For sufficient and transparent corporate funding in India, a balance is needed between public and private funding with transparent and precise criteria defining ceiling caps, disclosure and audit norms for enabling state contribution and private donations, which is absent as of now. The results from this study provide evidence that sectors which depend on Government policies or usage of restricted natural resources spend more on CPF. Companies from the sector of refinery, mineral and natural resources, real estate, followed by the manufacturing sector in India has emerged as the dominant Sector providing corporate political funding.It highlights that public funding should be encouraged to give all candidates a level playing field and reduce the influence of money in politics to reduce crony capitalism. It indicates the way forward in improving CPF related practices leading to a better governance environment.
Journal of Management and Governance
The paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and dividend payout, using a sam... more The paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and dividend payout, using a sample of Indian and US listed firms. In contrast with the substitution hypothesis, but in line with the outcome hypothesis, this study documented that companies with good corporate governance pay higher dividends than companies with weak corporate governance. Specifically, board independence, board size and institutional ownership are the key corporate governance drivers of dividend payout in US firms, while none of the individual corporate governance parameters is significantly associated to dividend payout in for Indian firms. An investor can use this information to make an investment decision. Financial Regulators need to improve corporate governance framework to enhance the disbursement of dividend and mitigate the agency problem. Companies need to consider the signalling effect of dividend payments while framing their dividend policy in both countries.
Asian Journal of Management, 2017
The paper attempts to identify Indian and US macroeconomic factors and other global factors signi... more The paper attempts to identify Indian and US macroeconomic factors and other global factors significantly influencing Indian rupee- US dollar spot rate and also, any long term association among these macroeconomic variables and rupee-dollar spot rates. Time series analysis has been undertaken for ten year period of April, 2005 –March, 2015 using monthly data of these variables. The exogenous variables considered are money stock (India and US), nominal long run bond yield (India and US), commodity price levels (India and US), stock prices (India and US), forward premium in Indian rupee-US dollar forward market, foreign exchange reserves with Reserve Bank of India., foreign institutional investment in India, Indian rupee-euro spot rate, Indian rupee-British pound spot rate and Indian rupee-Japanese yen spot rate. Ordinary least squares regression results indicate that significant non-price variables are foreign exchange reserves and RBI intervention measure, both being negatively related to rupee value. Out of price variables, consumer prices in US, rupee-euro spot rate and rupeepound spot rate are significant variables, all being positively related to rupee value and US 10 year bond yield is negatively related to value of rupee. Johansen’s co-integration analysis indicate that all Indian and US macroeconomic variables and other currency pairs of rupee are in a long run relationship with rupee-dollar spot rate.
Journal of Management and Governance, 2022
The Journal of Innovations, 2018
The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidences for how India’s Governance framewo... more The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidences for how India’s Governance framework influences the capital structure of Indian listed companies. A sample of 255 nonfinancing Indian listed companies has been empirically investigated using panel data technique for a period from 2008 to 2016. Governance indicators i.e. rule of law, regulatory effectiveness and control on corruption have been studied to analyze their influence on capital structure decisions. Rule of law is found to be positively and statistically significantly influencing capital structure decisions of Indian companies whereas for regulatory effectiveness , results suggest long term debt to be positively and significantly associated, however this relationship is insignificant when capital structure is measured in terms of total debt to total assets though positive. A very significant but negative impact of corruption on leverage has been found.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 2013
Research Question/ Issue:The present study intends to study the phenomenon of corporate governanc... more Research Question/ Issue:The present study intends to study the phenomenon of corporate governance with reference to banks being the most imperative industry having systemic repercussions and to build empirical evidence for following governance mechanism and improving the performance of banks as long-term survival strategy. It attempts to fill the void of the available published literature on corporate governance in Indian banking sector providing empirical evidence towards the impact and effectiveness of basic variables of governance on performance and financial strength of public and private sector banks listed in India. It investigates whether governance mechanism has any effect on the financial indicators of long term sustainability and returns of banks. Academic Implications:The results of the study provide evidence towards the essence of corporate governance and its contribution towards the net worth of the bank. Further, it highlights that corporate governance may not affect the performance of banks significantly but definitely contributes to the net worth, which is the most pertinent element for financial strength, stability and growth. Practitioner and Policy Implication:The findings of the study provide insights to policy makers for addressing the weak areas of banks' corporate governance. It presents the observations of those who practice corporate governance and seek improved implementation to enhance the long term stability and sustenance of Indian banking.
Indian Journal of Finance, 2021
The urge of flawless and efficient board to create corporate excellence through corporate governa... more The urge of flawless and efficient board to create corporate excellence through corporate governance, policies and provisions countries across the world are moving towards diverse boards, especially gender diverse boards. Recognizing the limitations of traditional board composition this study identified the characteristics of the companies to explain the status of gender diverse boards in India. This present study dwells on the penetration of women on corporate boards and its trend in S&P CNX 200 index companies over a period of four years prior to the implementation of mandatory provision (i.e. 2012-2015) along with the structural comparison of twenty nine countries including sixteen European Union member countries, six Asian countries and seven other countries. The results of data analysis revealed that in India women participation on corporate boards is at the stage of tokenism as only larger boards have few women directors. Even there is a variation in number of women directors ...
The IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 2018
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017
Journal of Financial Crime, 2020
PurposeThis paper attempts to find the essence of whistleblowing in organizational structures, to... more PurposeThis paper attempts to find the essence of whistleblowing in organizational structures, to reflect on whistleblowing mechanism and the perception of whistleblowing in the working class of a country. Whistleblowing is exhibited as one of the quintessential elements of corporate governance to prevent or detect inundating corporate frauds. This study examines the whistleblowing intentions and its precursors with the knowledge of repercussions, in context of Indian employees.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data has been analysed herein using a structured questionnaire from 396 Indian employees of public and private sector companies of India using, multiple regression analysis.FindingsIt provides evidence that personal factors like organizational commitment, locus of control impact whistleblowing intentions vary by the type of fraud the employee encounters. The study presents a case for variation of considerable extent in non-financial fraud and financial fraud. Further, the ki...
Social Science Research Network, Apr 15, 2015
In general, any one known to stock market is acquainted with the phenomenon of bull and bear phas... more In general, any one known to stock market is acquainted with the phenomenon of bull and bear phases, but whether the traders or investors put air to these phases while making a decision to buy, sell, or stay invested. The present paper attempts to identify and analyse the two most popular market phases, i.e. bull and bear, for better investment decisions with the use of Bry and Boschan Algorithm and time series data. Further, it seeks to analyse the distributional characteristics of the variances in stock returns and search evidence of asymmetries, if any, in volatility under different market conditions which may help to shed light on the bull and bear phases of Indian equity market.The study arrange for evidence that in bull markets, stock prices run far ahead of earnings and for fairly long periods of time. The paper indicates12bull and bear phases in the Sensex and Nifty during the sample period of 19years with the associated factors responsible for the shift of bull and bear market phases. The results provide considerable support for the view that markets choose to ignore adverse possibilities and react with zest to favourable possibilities and market declines can partly be explained by increases in risk.
Which theoretical lens has been used for developing the research problem. Explain why CSAD model ... more Which theoretical lens has been used for developing the research problem. Explain why CSAD model is used in your investigations? CSAD has been used numerous times, emphasize on its suitability on your data set. How these results are better than those reported earlier. It has been stated "Results concluded that USA stock market was more sensitive due to major presence compared to Chinese stock markets."…perhaps due to the time taken as new year, which is more specific to US as compared to Chinese New Year which is in February. Shed some light on it.
Global Business Review
Using unique propositions of systems and peoples approaches, this study aims to examine the tense... more Using unique propositions of systems and peoples approaches, this study aims to examine the tensegrity of internal control system, board’s ability and corporate governance practices (CGPs) by evaluating the impact of CGPs on the internal control system and the board of directors’ ability to manage and steer a company in an efficient manner. We analyse the moderation effect of the internal control system on the relationship between CGPs and board’s ability. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) to place evidence highlighting the impact of CGPs on the internal control system and board’s ability. The variables used were tested for endogeneity and the results found to be robust. The statistical strength of CGPs on internal control systems is found to be greater than the board’s ability. We documented that robust internal control system facilitates CG practices to improve the abilities of the board to attain corporate excellence by moderating ...
Corporate Governance: An International Review, 2013
Academy of Management Proceedings
Corporate Governance Insight
Despite of decades of ongoing debate, there has been a little impact on corporate practices, as t... more Despite of decades of ongoing debate, there has been a little impact on corporate practices, as the representation of women serving on the corporate boards of the large, prime or most visible corporation has remained negligible across the world.To expound the longing to have gender diverse board for implementation of better corporate governance and long term survival of corporations in India.The results revealed that in context of India, women participation on corporate boards is at the stage of tokenism. Findings revealed that the provision under the Companies Act, 2013 wherein certain class of companies to have at least one woman director has eventually necessitated in India to bring any real change in the homogeneous boards and there are substantial number of hindrances for women in the form of organisational, individual and societal barriers while climbing the corporate ladder still women exhibit diverse leadership style and women's presence leads to qualitative advancement. The analysis of data highlights that women are vigilant about all stakeholders' interest and women are risk averse. It provides an explanation for previous inconclusive findings of studies regarding the impact of women on corporate governance by advocating the need to enhance board effectiveness as a transitional stride in understanding the effects of board on governance level outcomes.
Corporate Governance Insight
The study aims to explore the pattern of corporate political donations in India from 2004-2019 an... more The study aims to explore the pattern of corporate political donations in India from 2004-2019 and its mode of funding. It attempts to highlight the flaws and shortcomings in their disclosure norms. The role of Corporate Social Responsibility funds as a surrogate political funding has also been examined .It also explores the emergence of electoral trusts as a new mode of corporate political funding in India.It analyses the data of funds received by national political parties in India disclosed in their contribution reports on the election commission website and on company's website. It also explores the disclosure pattern of select companies (companies which have contributed more than Rs. 1 crore towards corporate political funding not through electoral trust over the years (2004-2018) .It also studies the pattern of growth of electoral trust as a mode of corporate political funding in India. The analysis of secondary data highlights the sorry state of effectiveness of disclosure norms and consent taking mechanism for corporate political funding decisions. It indicates that somehow philanthropy is not the idea or intention behind corporate funding. The study found that sectors dependent on government policy decisions are keener to donate to political parties. It encourages the exploration of adaption of new technology for better implementation of corporate governance and corporate political funding framework. Evidence from the analysis of the data highlights the emergence of real estate sector as one of the most prominent donors to political parties for 2004-2019 .The results also point towards an inequitable allocation of funds to various parties leading to an uneven playing field. It highlights that a stringent mechanism is needed to curb this upcoming menace of crony capitalism.
Corporate Governance Insight
The present study aims to ascertain the factors which can impact the corporate political funding ... more The present study aims to ascertain the factors which can impact the corporate political funding (CPF) decisions. It examines the perceptions of key managerial personnel (top management) about CPF gathered through a structured questionnaire. The focus of the study is to find out the antecedents to corporate political funding and analyse the perception of the top management which impacts CPF decisions. The study analyses the perception of the top management board of directors who make the decisions in the context of political funding using a structured questionnaire. Using Independent T-test, One-way Anova and OLS, the study attempts to explore various factors which impact managements' decision related to corporate political funding and indicate the most prominent amongst them. The study provides evidence towards motive behind the funding is the main antecedent to CPF decisions. For sufficient and transparent corporate funding in India, a balance is needed between public and private funding with transparent and precise criteria defining ceiling caps, disclosure and audit norms for enabling state contribution and private donations, which is absent as of now. The results from this study provide evidence that sectors which depend on Government policies or usage of restricted natural resources spend more on CPF. Companies from the sector of refinery, mineral and natural resources, real estate, followed by the manufacturing sector in India has emerged as the dominant Sector providing corporate political funding.It highlights that public funding should be encouraged to give all candidates a level playing field and reduce the influence of money in politics to reduce crony capitalism. It indicates the way forward in improving CPF related practices leading to a better governance environment.
Journal of Management and Governance
The paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and dividend payout, using a sam... more The paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and dividend payout, using a sample of Indian and US listed firms. In contrast with the substitution hypothesis, but in line with the outcome hypothesis, this study documented that companies with good corporate governance pay higher dividends than companies with weak corporate governance. Specifically, board independence, board size and institutional ownership are the key corporate governance drivers of dividend payout in US firms, while none of the individual corporate governance parameters is significantly associated to dividend payout in for Indian firms. An investor can use this information to make an investment decision. Financial Regulators need to improve corporate governance framework to enhance the disbursement of dividend and mitigate the agency problem. Companies need to consider the signalling effect of dividend payments while framing their dividend policy in both countries.
Asian Journal of Management, 2017
The paper attempts to identify Indian and US macroeconomic factors and other global factors signi... more The paper attempts to identify Indian and US macroeconomic factors and other global factors significantly influencing Indian rupee- US dollar spot rate and also, any long term association among these macroeconomic variables and rupee-dollar spot rates. Time series analysis has been undertaken for ten year period of April, 2005 –March, 2015 using monthly data of these variables. The exogenous variables considered are money stock (India and US), nominal long run bond yield (India and US), commodity price levels (India and US), stock prices (India and US), forward premium in Indian rupee-US dollar forward market, foreign exchange reserves with Reserve Bank of India., foreign institutional investment in India, Indian rupee-euro spot rate, Indian rupee-British pound spot rate and Indian rupee-Japanese yen spot rate. Ordinary least squares regression results indicate that significant non-price variables are foreign exchange reserves and RBI intervention measure, both being negatively related to rupee value. Out of price variables, consumer prices in US, rupee-euro spot rate and rupeepound spot rate are significant variables, all being positively related to rupee value and US 10 year bond yield is negatively related to value of rupee. Johansen’s co-integration analysis indicate that all Indian and US macroeconomic variables and other currency pairs of rupee are in a long run relationship with rupee-dollar spot rate.
Journal of Management and Governance, 2022
The Journal of Innovations, 2018
The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidences for how India’s Governance framewo... more The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidences for how India’s Governance framework influences the capital structure of Indian listed companies. A sample of 255 nonfinancing Indian listed companies has been empirically investigated using panel data technique for a period from 2008 to 2016. Governance indicators i.e. rule of law, regulatory effectiveness and control on corruption have been studied to analyze their influence on capital structure decisions. Rule of law is found to be positively and statistically significantly influencing capital structure decisions of Indian companies whereas for regulatory effectiveness , results suggest long term debt to be positively and significantly associated, however this relationship is insignificant when capital structure is measured in terms of total debt to total assets though positive. A very significant but negative impact of corruption on leverage has been found.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 2013
Research Question/ Issue:The present study intends to study the phenomenon of corporate governanc... more Research Question/ Issue:The present study intends to study the phenomenon of corporate governance with reference to banks being the most imperative industry having systemic repercussions and to build empirical evidence for following governance mechanism and improving the performance of banks as long-term survival strategy. It attempts to fill the void of the available published literature on corporate governance in Indian banking sector providing empirical evidence towards the impact and effectiveness of basic variables of governance on performance and financial strength of public and private sector banks listed in India. It investigates whether governance mechanism has any effect on the financial indicators of long term sustainability and returns of banks. Academic Implications:The results of the study provide evidence towards the essence of corporate governance and its contribution towards the net worth of the bank. Further, it highlights that corporate governance may not affect the performance of banks significantly but definitely contributes to the net worth, which is the most pertinent element for financial strength, stability and growth. Practitioner and Policy Implication:The findings of the study provide insights to policy makers for addressing the weak areas of banks' corporate governance. It presents the observations of those who practice corporate governance and seek improved implementation to enhance the long term stability and sustenance of Indian banking.
Indian Journal of Finance, 2021
The urge of flawless and efficient board to create corporate excellence through corporate governa... more The urge of flawless and efficient board to create corporate excellence through corporate governance, policies and provisions countries across the world are moving towards diverse boards, especially gender diverse boards. Recognizing the limitations of traditional board composition this study identified the characteristics of the companies to explain the status of gender diverse boards in India. This present study dwells on the penetration of women on corporate boards and its trend in S&P CNX 200 index companies over a period of four years prior to the implementation of mandatory provision (i.e. 2012-2015) along with the structural comparison of twenty nine countries including sixteen European Union member countries, six Asian countries and seven other countries. The results of data analysis revealed that in India women participation on corporate boards is at the stage of tokenism as only larger boards have few women directors. Even there is a variation in number of women directors ...
The IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 2018
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017
Journal of Financial Crime, 2020
PurposeThis paper attempts to find the essence of whistleblowing in organizational structures, to... more PurposeThis paper attempts to find the essence of whistleblowing in organizational structures, to reflect on whistleblowing mechanism and the perception of whistleblowing in the working class of a country. Whistleblowing is exhibited as one of the quintessential elements of corporate governance to prevent or detect inundating corporate frauds. This study examines the whistleblowing intentions and its precursors with the knowledge of repercussions, in context of Indian employees.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data has been analysed herein using a structured questionnaire from 396 Indian employees of public and private sector companies of India using, multiple regression analysis.FindingsIt provides evidence that personal factors like organizational commitment, locus of control impact whistleblowing intentions vary by the type of fraud the employee encounters. The study presents a case for variation of considerable extent in non-financial fraud and financial fraud. Further, the ki...