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Papers by karin ortiz

Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, Sep 1, 2011

Aplicação do teste M1-Alpha em sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade: estudo piloto M1-Alpha Te... more Aplicação do teste M1-Alpha em sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade: estudo piloto M1-Alpha Test in Normal Subjects with low educational Level: a pilot study RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o desempenho de sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade no teste M1-Alpha e obter parâmetros que possam ser utilizados na avaliação clínica de pacientes afásicos com baixa escolaridade, expostos a este teste. Métodos: Foram selecionados 30 sujeitos normais de baixa escolaridade (um a quatro anos de estudo), com idade superior a 18 anos e inferior a 60 anos, sendo 15 do gênero masculino e 15 do gênero feminino. Todos foram submetidos à aplicação do teste M1-Alpha, que comporta entrevista semidirigida e provas controladas. Todas as respostas corretas receberam um ponto. Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico. Resultados: Foi verificado um maior número de erros, bem como uma maior variabilidade nas respostas, em tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. Conclusão: A baixa escolaridade influencia o desempenho dos indivíduos nas tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. Foi possível obter dados de referência, que poderão ser utilizados na aplicação clínica do teste M1-Alpha em pacientes com baixa escolaridade.

The frequency of aphasics between patients that suffer of CVA is from 21% to 38% 3. There is an a... more The frequency of aphasics between patients that suffer of CVA is from 21% to 38% 3. There is an association between the aphasic patients post-CVA and the high level of mortality 4,5. Some studies suggest that demographic factors such as gender and age, influence in the occurrence, severity and frequency of aphasia 6 , while other studies do not confirm these findings 7. The aphasia can be defined as a neurological language disorder, being several etiologies, among them the CVA 8. In the same way, neurological diseases are the common causes of dysphasia 9 and CVAs can represent more than 50% of this alteration cause 8. The dysphasia can be, in some cases, periodrary and the patient can receive a oral diet normally again. However, this disorder can also offer risks of dehydration, nutritional deficiencies and pulmonary complications. In neurogenic dysphasias, it is important to detect the aspiration risk in the patients INTRODUCTION Cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs), or strokes, comprise the vascular disorders in which a brain area is affected in transitory or permanent way 1. The CVA is between the three main death causes in most of the developed and in development countries 1,2. It can also cause global motor sequel, language modifications (aphasia), speech (apraxia and dysarthria) and in the swallowing dynamic (dysphasia).

Psicologia-reflexao E Critica, Jan 4, 2022

Background: The influence of education on cognition has been extensively researched, particularly... more Background: The influence of education on cognition has been extensively researched, particularly in countries with high levels of illiteracy. However, the impact of low education in all cognitive functions appears to differ. Regarding to language, the effects of education on many linguistic tasks-supported by different processingremain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether oral language task performance differs among individuals with no formal and low-educated subjects, as measured by the Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery (MTL-BR). This is the only language battery available for use in Brazil, but lacks normative data for illiterate individuals. The secondary objective was to gather data for use as clinical parameters in assessing persons with aphasia (PWA) not exposed to a formal education. Methods: A total of 30 healthy illiterate individuals aged 34-60 years were assessed. All participants underwent the MTL-BR Battery, excluding its written communication tasks. The data obtained in the present study were compared against results of a previous investigation of individuals with 1-4 years of education evaluated using the same MTL-BR instrument. Results: Statistically significant differences in performance were found between non-formal education and the loweducated (2-4 years) groups on the tasks Auditory Comprehension, Repetition, Orthographic/Phonological Fluency, Number dictation, Reading of numbers and also on simple numerical calculations. Conclusion: The study results showed that individuals with no formal education/illiterate had worse performance than low-education individuals on some of the language tasks of the MTL-Br Battery, suggesting that each year of education impacts cognitive-language performance. Also, data were obtained which can serve as a guide for PWA not exposed to a formal education.

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica

Introduction: The comprehension and production of connected language is essential to effective co... more Introduction: The comprehension and production of connected language is essential to effective communication. However, few assessment and intervention programs requiring connected language have been made available in Brazilian-Portuguese. One connected language sampling procedure, the Story Retell Procedure (SRP), has been widely studied in English and primarily for people with aphasia. The SRP employs 12 stories, whose individual plots are quite different and still equivalent in terms of verbal productivity measures. The first objective of this study was to present the translation and adaptation of the SRP stories into Portuguese and to determine whether the translations are similar to English stories. The second objective was to analyze a small group of healthy adult’s responses to this assessment, thus observing whether the retellings of the SRP story forms in Portuguese would be similar to each other in the number of words, information units (IUs), and propositions – as demonstr...

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (... more Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (PWA). However, language assessment in the low literacy population is still a challenge. Objective: To investigate whether a formal evaluation of aphasia is able to distinguish the neurological effect from the effect of low educational level in people with post-stroke aphasia. Methods: The sample consisted of a group of 30 aphasic subjects (AG) and a control group (CG) of 36 individuals, both with an educational level of 1-4 years. The Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment battery was applied to all subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 19 out of the 20 tasks analyzed. Conclusions: These results suggest that formal evaluation procedures are able to detect language disorders resulting from stroke, even in subjects with low educational level.

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

The Brazilian Practice Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation – Part II, developed by the Scientifi... more The Brazilian Practice Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation – Part II, developed by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, in Portuguese), focuses on specific rehabilitation techniques to aid recovery from impairment and disability after stroke. As in Part I, Part II is also based on recently available evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and other guidelines. Part II covers disorders of communication, dysphagia, postural control and balance, ataxias, spasticity, upper limb rehabilitation, gait, cognition, unilateral spatial neglect, sensory impairments, home rehabilitation, medication adherence, palliative care, cerebrovascular events related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the future of stroke rehabilitation, and stroke websites to support patients and caregivers. Our goal is to provide health professionals...

International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2016

Acalculia in aphasic patients should be better investigated in order to understand if it is a sim... more Acalculia in aphasic patients should be better investigated in order to understand if it is a simple comorbid or if it is influenced by language disorders. This study aimed to compare the performance on EC301 battery calculation tasks between aphasic and normal subjects and sought to verify a possible association between number processing and calculation skills and linguistic changes in aphasic patients, in order to investigate if language disorders interfere with number processing and calculation. Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group, performed of the Department of Speech and Hearing Disorders of a public university, conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. First, to analyze the specific difficulties encountered in numerical processing and calculation tasks among the aphasic group, aphasic and healthy adult's performance in specific calculation tasks were compared. The calculation tasks, which had been badly performed by aphasic patients, were selected. Aphasic patients were also submitted to the language tasks from Montreal-Toulouse Protocol: oral and written comprehension, repetition, reading aloud, naming and dictation. We observed that aphasic individuals showed changes in numerical processing and calculation tasks that were not observed in the healthy population. The most important finding of this study was that aphasic individuals showed changes in numerical processing and calculation that were positively associated to their linguistic performance. The strong associations between battery EC301 and linguistic tasks suggest that language disorders interfere with number processing and calculation.

CoDAS, Dec 31, 2023

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2013

Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos. Avaliação comportamental ... more Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos. Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos***

Dementia & Neuropsychologia, Sep 1, 2020

Psicologia-reflexao E Critica, Sep 30, 2020

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, Apr 24, 2019

Aim: To analyze the effect of utterance length on the intelligibility of words produced by dysart... more Aim: To analyze the effect of utterance length on the intelligibility of words produced by dysarthric speakers. Methods: A total of 10 adult speakers with dysarthria (5 men and 5 women; mean age 58.8 years, SD 14.1) took part in the study. Six speakers exhibited mild-to-moderate impairment, while 4 had severe-to-extreme impairment, according to scores on the single-words subtest of the Protocol for the Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility in Dysarthrias (PESI). The speakers were recorded producing, by repetition, a list of 25 sentences from the sentence subtest of the PESI plus a list of 25 separate words taken from the same sentence list. The speech samples were sound recorded and subsequently transcribed by 40 listeners. Intelligibility scores were calculated according to the percentage of target words correctly transcribed in each list of stimuli. Results: The intelligibility scores for the target words produced in sentences were lower than the scores obtained by utterance of single words (z = –2.82; p < 0.01). This difference was not consistently due to dysarthria severity. Conclusion: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that utterance length can negatively influence speech intelligibility in people with dysarthria.

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, 2015

Background/Aims: Studies about the reliability and validity of intelligibility measures are funda... more Background/Aims: Studies about the reliability and validity of intelligibility measures are fundamental to direct their use and interpretation in both clinical and research settings. The present study assessed inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and criterion validity of scores for the sentence and word subtests of the Protocol for the Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility (PESI). Methods: This study included 180 adult volunteers who were divided into three groups: 30 speakers with dysarthria, 30 control speakers and 120 listeners. Intelligibility scores were calculated according to the percentage of words correctly transcribed in each subtest: words in sentences and single words. Results: The intelligibility measurements exhibited a high level of inter-rater reliability for sentences [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94] and for single words (ICC = 0.96). The items from the single words subtest of the PESI revealed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). The measurement of intelligibility of sentences and single words had a high discriminatory power (0.82 and 0.95, respectively), with high sensitivity and specificity, particularly for scores in the single words subtest. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the PESI.

Journal of Communication Disorders, Sep 1, 2023

Dementia & Neuropsychologia, Dec 1, 2020

Aphasiology, Aug 4, 2017

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) can involve changes in communication and can lead to mutism ... more Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) can involve changes in communication and can lead to mutism in severe cases. Oral communication may be impaired by phonetic-motor disorders, such as apraxia of speech (AOS), or by language disorders, such as aphasia. Therefore, the identification of manifestations of AOS and phonemic paraphasias in patients with AD is critical to understanding the communication changes and determining the therapeutic planning. Aims: To identify the distribution of phonetic-phonological manifestations in older patients with AD and healthy older subjects and assess whether these manifestations indicate the origin of the changes, including a predominantly phonetic-motor origin, a predominantly phonological-linguistic origin, or both. Methods & Procedures: This cross-sectional study evaluated 90 patients with AD and 30 healthy older volunteers. All of the participants underwent the same repetition task for phonetic and phonological assessments using the current classification of phonetic-phonological manifestations; this classification distinguishes characteristics that are mostly related to AOS from other signs that are mostly related to aphasia. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to compare the amount of each manifestation presented by the two groups. Outcomes & Results: The patients with AD showed significantly more signs of aphasia (self-correction, and vowel and consonant substitutions), AOS (prolonged intervals and extended vowel duration), and AOS or aphasia (distortion, omission, attempts at the syllable level, distorted substitutions, and additions) than the healthy older volunteers. Conclusions: Older adults with AD presented phonetic and phonological changes of aphasia and AOS and, consequently, limitations in symbolic-linguistic planning and motor planning.

Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, Sep 1, 2011

Aplicação do teste M1-Alpha em sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade: estudo piloto M1-Alpha Te... more Aplicação do teste M1-Alpha em sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade: estudo piloto M1-Alpha Test in Normal Subjects with low educational Level: a pilot study RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o desempenho de sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade no teste M1-Alpha e obter parâmetros que possam ser utilizados na avaliação clínica de pacientes afásicos com baixa escolaridade, expostos a este teste. Métodos: Foram selecionados 30 sujeitos normais de baixa escolaridade (um a quatro anos de estudo), com idade superior a 18 anos e inferior a 60 anos, sendo 15 do gênero masculino e 15 do gênero feminino. Todos foram submetidos à aplicação do teste M1-Alpha, que comporta entrevista semidirigida e provas controladas. Todas as respostas corretas receberam um ponto. Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico. Resultados: Foi verificado um maior número de erros, bem como uma maior variabilidade nas respostas, em tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. Conclusão: A baixa escolaridade influencia o desempenho dos indivíduos nas tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. Foi possível obter dados de referência, que poderão ser utilizados na aplicação clínica do teste M1-Alpha em pacientes com baixa escolaridade.

The frequency of aphasics between patients that suffer of CVA is from 21% to 38% 3. There is an a... more The frequency of aphasics between patients that suffer of CVA is from 21% to 38% 3. There is an association between the aphasic patients post-CVA and the high level of mortality 4,5. Some studies suggest that demographic factors such as gender and age, influence in the occurrence, severity and frequency of aphasia 6 , while other studies do not confirm these findings 7. The aphasia can be defined as a neurological language disorder, being several etiologies, among them the CVA 8. In the same way, neurological diseases are the common causes of dysphasia 9 and CVAs can represent more than 50% of this alteration cause 8. The dysphasia can be, in some cases, periodrary and the patient can receive a oral diet normally again. However, this disorder can also offer risks of dehydration, nutritional deficiencies and pulmonary complications. In neurogenic dysphasias, it is important to detect the aspiration risk in the patients INTRODUCTION Cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs), or strokes, comprise the vascular disorders in which a brain area is affected in transitory or permanent way 1. The CVA is between the three main death causes in most of the developed and in development countries 1,2. It can also cause global motor sequel, language modifications (aphasia), speech (apraxia and dysarthria) and in the swallowing dynamic (dysphasia).

Psicologia-reflexao E Critica, Jan 4, 2022

Background: The influence of education on cognition has been extensively researched, particularly... more Background: The influence of education on cognition has been extensively researched, particularly in countries with high levels of illiteracy. However, the impact of low education in all cognitive functions appears to differ. Regarding to language, the effects of education on many linguistic tasks-supported by different processingremain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether oral language task performance differs among individuals with no formal and low-educated subjects, as measured by the Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery (MTL-BR). This is the only language battery available for use in Brazil, but lacks normative data for illiterate individuals. The secondary objective was to gather data for use as clinical parameters in assessing persons with aphasia (PWA) not exposed to a formal education. Methods: A total of 30 healthy illiterate individuals aged 34-60 years were assessed. All participants underwent the MTL-BR Battery, excluding its written communication tasks. The data obtained in the present study were compared against results of a previous investigation of individuals with 1-4 years of education evaluated using the same MTL-BR instrument. Results: Statistically significant differences in performance were found between non-formal education and the loweducated (2-4 years) groups on the tasks Auditory Comprehension, Repetition, Orthographic/Phonological Fluency, Number dictation, Reading of numbers and also on simple numerical calculations. Conclusion: The study results showed that individuals with no formal education/illiterate had worse performance than low-education individuals on some of the language tasks of the MTL-Br Battery, suggesting that each year of education impacts cognitive-language performance. Also, data were obtained which can serve as a guide for PWA not exposed to a formal education.

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica

Introduction: The comprehension and production of connected language is essential to effective co... more Introduction: The comprehension and production of connected language is essential to effective communication. However, few assessment and intervention programs requiring connected language have been made available in Brazilian-Portuguese. One connected language sampling procedure, the Story Retell Procedure (SRP), has been widely studied in English and primarily for people with aphasia. The SRP employs 12 stories, whose individual plots are quite different and still equivalent in terms of verbal productivity measures. The first objective of this study was to present the translation and adaptation of the SRP stories into Portuguese and to determine whether the translations are similar to English stories. The second objective was to analyze a small group of healthy adult’s responses to this assessment, thus observing whether the retellings of the SRP story forms in Portuguese would be similar to each other in the number of words, information units (IUs), and propositions – as demonstr...

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (... more Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (PWA). However, language assessment in the low literacy population is still a challenge. Objective: To investigate whether a formal evaluation of aphasia is able to distinguish the neurological effect from the effect of low educational level in people with post-stroke aphasia. Methods: The sample consisted of a group of 30 aphasic subjects (AG) and a control group (CG) of 36 individuals, both with an educational level of 1-4 years. The Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment battery was applied to all subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 19 out of the 20 tasks analyzed. Conclusions: These results suggest that formal evaluation procedures are able to detect language disorders resulting from stroke, even in subjects with low educational level.

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

The Brazilian Practice Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation – Part II, developed by the Scientifi... more The Brazilian Practice Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation – Part II, developed by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, in Portuguese), focuses on specific rehabilitation techniques to aid recovery from impairment and disability after stroke. As in Part I, Part II is also based on recently available evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and other guidelines. Part II covers disorders of communication, dysphagia, postural control and balance, ataxias, spasticity, upper limb rehabilitation, gait, cognition, unilateral spatial neglect, sensory impairments, home rehabilitation, medication adherence, palliative care, cerebrovascular events related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the future of stroke rehabilitation, and stroke websites to support patients and caregivers. Our goal is to provide health professionals...

International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2016

Acalculia in aphasic patients should be better investigated in order to understand if it is a sim... more Acalculia in aphasic patients should be better investigated in order to understand if it is a simple comorbid or if it is influenced by language disorders. This study aimed to compare the performance on EC301 battery calculation tasks between aphasic and normal subjects and sought to verify a possible association between number processing and calculation skills and linguistic changes in aphasic patients, in order to investigate if language disorders interfere with number processing and calculation. Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group, performed of the Department of Speech and Hearing Disorders of a public university, conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. First, to analyze the specific difficulties encountered in numerical processing and calculation tasks among the aphasic group, aphasic and healthy adult's performance in specific calculation tasks were compared. The calculation tasks, which had been badly performed by aphasic patients, were selected. Aphasic patients were also submitted to the language tasks from Montreal-Toulouse Protocol: oral and written comprehension, repetition, reading aloud, naming and dictation. We observed that aphasic individuals showed changes in numerical processing and calculation tasks that were not observed in the healthy population. The most important finding of this study was that aphasic individuals showed changes in numerical processing and calculation that were positively associated to their linguistic performance. The strong associations between battery EC301 and linguistic tasks suggest that language disorders interfere with number processing and calculation.

CoDAS, Dec 31, 2023

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2013

Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos. Avaliação comportamental ... more Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos. Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos gagos***

Dementia & Neuropsychologia, Sep 1, 2020

Psicologia-reflexao E Critica, Sep 30, 2020

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, Apr 24, 2019

Aim: To analyze the effect of utterance length on the intelligibility of words produced by dysart... more Aim: To analyze the effect of utterance length on the intelligibility of words produced by dysarthric speakers. Methods: A total of 10 adult speakers with dysarthria (5 men and 5 women; mean age 58.8 years, SD 14.1) took part in the study. Six speakers exhibited mild-to-moderate impairment, while 4 had severe-to-extreme impairment, according to scores on the single-words subtest of the Protocol for the Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility in Dysarthrias (PESI). The speakers were recorded producing, by repetition, a list of 25 sentences from the sentence subtest of the PESI plus a list of 25 separate words taken from the same sentence list. The speech samples were sound recorded and subsequently transcribed by 40 listeners. Intelligibility scores were calculated according to the percentage of target words correctly transcribed in each list of stimuli. Results: The intelligibility scores for the target words produced in sentences were lower than the scores obtained by utterance of single words (z = –2.82; p < 0.01). This difference was not consistently due to dysarthria severity. Conclusion: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that utterance length can negatively influence speech intelligibility in people with dysarthria.

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, 2015

Background/Aims: Studies about the reliability and validity of intelligibility measures are funda... more Background/Aims: Studies about the reliability and validity of intelligibility measures are fundamental to direct their use and interpretation in both clinical and research settings. The present study assessed inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and criterion validity of scores for the sentence and word subtests of the Protocol for the Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility (PESI). Methods: This study included 180 adult volunteers who were divided into three groups: 30 speakers with dysarthria, 30 control speakers and 120 listeners. Intelligibility scores were calculated according to the percentage of words correctly transcribed in each subtest: words in sentences and single words. Results: The intelligibility measurements exhibited a high level of inter-rater reliability for sentences [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94] and for single words (ICC = 0.96). The items from the single words subtest of the PESI revealed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). The measurement of intelligibility of sentences and single words had a high discriminatory power (0.82 and 0.95, respectively), with high sensitivity and specificity, particularly for scores in the single words subtest. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the PESI.

Journal of Communication Disorders, Sep 1, 2023

Dementia & Neuropsychologia, Dec 1, 2020

Aphasiology, Aug 4, 2017

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) can involve changes in communication and can lead to mutism ... more Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) can involve changes in communication and can lead to mutism in severe cases. Oral communication may be impaired by phonetic-motor disorders, such as apraxia of speech (AOS), or by language disorders, such as aphasia. Therefore, the identification of manifestations of AOS and phonemic paraphasias in patients with AD is critical to understanding the communication changes and determining the therapeutic planning. Aims: To identify the distribution of phonetic-phonological manifestations in older patients with AD and healthy older subjects and assess whether these manifestations indicate the origin of the changes, including a predominantly phonetic-motor origin, a predominantly phonological-linguistic origin, or both. Methods & Procedures: This cross-sectional study evaluated 90 patients with AD and 30 healthy older volunteers. All of the participants underwent the same repetition task for phonetic and phonological assessments using the current classification of phonetic-phonological manifestations; this classification distinguishes characteristics that are mostly related to AOS from other signs that are mostly related to aphasia. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to compare the amount of each manifestation presented by the two groups. Outcomes & Results: The patients with AD showed significantly more signs of aphasia (self-correction, and vowel and consonant substitutions), AOS (prolonged intervals and extended vowel duration), and AOS or aphasia (distortion, omission, attempts at the syllable level, distorted substitutions, and additions) than the healthy older volunteers. Conclusions: Older adults with AD presented phonetic and phonological changes of aphasia and AOS and, consequently, limitations in symbolic-linguistic planning and motor planning.