kashif khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by kashif khan

JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science

The amount of data is increasing rapidly as more and more devices are being linked to the Interne... more The amount of data is increasing rapidly as more and more devices are being linked to the Internet. Big data has a variety of uses and benefits, but it also has numerous challenges associated with it that are required to be resolved to raise the caliber of available services, including data integrity and security, analytics, acumen, and organization of Big data. While actively seeking the best way to manage, systemize, integrate, and affix Big data, we concluded that blockchain methodology contributes significantly. Its presented approaches for decentralized data management, digital property reconciliation, and internet of things data interchange have a massive impact on how Big data will advance. Unauthorized access to the data is very challenging due to the ciphered and decentralized data preservation in the blockchain network. This paper proposes insights related to specific Big data applications that can be analyzed by machine learning algorithms, driven by data provenance, and ...

Mathematics

Substitution boxes are the key factor in symmetric-key cryptosystems that determines their abilit... more Substitution boxes are the key factor in symmetric-key cryptosystems that determines their ability to resist various cryptanalytic attacks. Creating strong substitution boxes that have multiple strong cryptographic properties at the same time is a challenging task for cryptographers. A significant amount of research has been conducted on S-boxes in the past few decades, but the resulting S-boxes have been found to be vulnerable to various cyberattacks. This paper proposes a new method for creating robust S-boxes that exhibit superior performance and possess high scores in multiple cryptographic properties. The hybrid S-box method presented in this paper is based on Chua’s circuit chaotic map, two-dimensional cellular automata, and an algebraic permutation group structure. The proposed 16×16 S-box has an excellent performance in terms of security parameters, including a minimum nonlinearity of 102, the absence of fixed points, the satisfaction of bit independence and strict avalanche...

Open Journal of Soil Science

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phospha... more A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg•ha −1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg•ha −1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg•ha −1 , total dry matter yield 9721 kg•ha −1 , straw yield 5644 kg•ha −1 , plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg•ha −1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg•ha −1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg•kg −1 and P 5.7 mg•kg −1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg•ha −1 , and P uptake of 17.5 kg•ha −1 , were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg•ha −1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.

University of Waterloo, Aug 28, 2020

This thesis consists of material all of which I authored or co-authored: see Statement of Contrib... more This thesis consists of material all of which I authored or co-authored: see Statement of Contributions included in the thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public.

Sensors, 2022

This article presents non-invasive sensing-based diagnoses of pneumonia disease, exploiting a dee... more This article presents non-invasive sensing-based diagnoses of pneumonia disease, exploiting a deep learning model to make the technique non-invasive coupled with security preservation. Sensing and securing healthcare and medical images such as X-rays that can be used to diagnose viral diseases such as pneumonia is a challenging task for researchers. In the past few years, patients’ medical records have been shared using various wireless technologies. The wireless transmitted data are prone to attacks, resulting in the misuse of patients’ medical records. Therefore, it is important to secure medical data, which are in the form of images. The proposed work is divided into two sections: in the first section, primary data in the form of images are encrypted using the proposed technique based on chaos and convolution neural network. Furthermore, multiple chaotic maps are incorporated to create a random number generator, and the generated random sequence is used for pixel permutation and ...

Forests, 2021

Coarse wood debris (CWD) plays a critical role in forest productivity, nutrient cycling, decompos... more Coarse wood debris (CWD) plays a critical role in forest productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, and shapes the carbon pool in the forest ecosystem. However, the elemental composition of CWD varies among different forest types and decay classes for the same dominant tree species (Pinus koraiensis, PK). We compared CWD elemental composition across different forest types (Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF), Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest (BPF), Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensis forest (TPF)), considering four classes of wood decay. Results showed that N, P, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, S, Al, and Fe concentrations almost totally increased with decay level for all three forest types, except for K in all three forest types and B in Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF). Similarly, maximum concentrations of N, P, B, Mg, K, C, Zn, and Mn of CWD were observed in Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest (BPF...

Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017

Effect of compost and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato was investigated in fi... more Effect of compost and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato was investigated in field experiment carried out on silt loam soil at Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar during summer 2016. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications and seven (7) treatments. N, P and K fertilizers at 180, 100 and 60 kg ha-1 respectively were applied with or without compost, while compost was applied at 20 tons ha-1. The sources of N, P and K were urea, triple super phosphate and muriate of potash. The results of the study showed that yield and quality parameters of tomato fruit were significantly affected by the combined use of compost and inorganic fertilizers. Maximum tomato fruit and dry matter yields, fruit density, number of fruit kg-1, N, P and K uptake by tomato plant were obtained from treatment where full dose of N, P and K with10 tons of compost were applied. Maximum vitamin C content in tomato frui...

Distributed infrastructures (e.g., water networks and electric Grids) are difficult to manage due... more Distributed infrastructures (e.g., water networks and electric Grids) are difficult to manage due to their scale, lack of accessibility, complexity, ageing and uncertainties in knowledge of their structure. In addition they are subject to loads that can be highly variable and unpredictable and to accidental events such as component failure, leakage and malicious tampering. To support in-field operations and central management of these infrastructures, the availability of consistent and up-to-date knowledge about the current state of the network and how it would respond to planned interventions is argued to be highly desirable. However, at present, large-scale infrastructures are ?data rich but knowledge poor?. Data, algorithms and tools for network analysis are improving but there is a need to integrate them to support more directly engineering operations. Current ICT solutions are mainly based on specialized, monolithic and heavyweight software packages that restrict the disseminat...

Cells, 2020

The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ub... more The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ubiquitously expressed RNA and DNA sensors. Once engaged, these nucleotide-sensing receptors use distinct signaling modules for the rapid and robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and the IKK-related kinases IKKε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to the subsequent activation of the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factors, respectively. They, in turn, induce immunomodulatory genes, allowing for a rapid antiviral cellular response. Unlike the MAPKs, the IKK complex and the IKK-related kinases, ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) α and β isoforms are active in unstimulated resting cells and are involved in the constitutive turnover of β-catenin, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and lineag...

Plants, 2020

Northeast China is persistently affected by heavy nitrogen (N) deposition. Studying the induced v... more Northeast China is persistently affected by heavy nitrogen (N) deposition. Studying the induced variation in leaf traits is pivotal to develop an understanding of the adaptive plasticity of affected species. This study thus assesses effects of increased N deposition on leaf morphological and anatomical traits and their correlation among and with biomass allocation patterns. A factorial experiment was conducted utilizing seedlings of two gymnosperms (Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis) and two angiosperms (Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis). Leaf mass per area and leaf density decreased and leaf thickness increased under high N deposition but trait interrelations remained stable. In gymnosperms, leaf mass per area was correlated to both leaf thickness and area, while being correlated to leaf density only in angiosperms. Epidermis, mesophyll thickness, conduit and vascular bundle diameter increased. Despite the differences in taxonomic groups and leaf habits, the common patterns of ...

Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2019

The Hippo-signaling pathway is a mechanism implicated in cardiomyocyte cytoprotection and regener... more The Hippo-signaling pathway is a mechanism implicated in cardiomyocyte cytoprotection and regeneration after a myocardial infarction. Yes-associated protein 1, the main effector protein of this pathway, acts as a co-transcriptional activator to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival. However, the biological mechanisms by which yes-associated protein 1 protects the heart post-MI are currently unknown. Here, we propose that yes-associated protein 1 plays a critical role in cardiomyocyte cytoprotection after simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury. AC16 human cardiomyocytes were infected with lentiviral plasmids containing normal human yes-associated protein 1 and a constitutively active form of YAP, YAP1S127A. Cells were exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury using a hypoxic chamber. Hippo-signaling characterization after ischemia-reperfusion injury was performed via Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular h...

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Pakistan is a federal state with three tiers of government. Following contentious general electio... more Pakistan is a federal state with three tiers of government. Following contentious general elections in 2013, ever first democratic transition took place in Pakistan. Subsequently, two social health protection schemes were launched. Current paper's objective is to understand the political context in which these schemes were launched and to explore the constitutional position of access to healthcare in Pakistan. This paper also explores the legal protection/ sustainability with regards to these schemes. We used qualitative research techniques with interpretivist paradigm and case-study approach. In-depth interviews were conducted, followed by content analysis. Triangulation and data saturation were observed to guide our sample size. Officials involved with these schemes at policy and implementation level were interviewed. Ethical approval was taken from ethics board of Khyber Medical University. Based on purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted and thematic analysis ...

Systematic Reviews, 2018

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide... more Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide with no curative therapy available. Stem cell therapies have been gaining interest as a means to repair the cardiac tissue after MI and prevent the onset of heart failure. Many in vivo reports suggest that the use of stem cells is promising, yet clinical trials suggest that the cells fail to integrate into the native tissue, resulting in limited improvements in cardiac function and repair. To battle this limitation, the combination of using stem cells embedded in a bioactive scaffold that promotes cell retention is growing in interest. Yet, a systematic review of the literature on the use of stem cells embedded in bioactive scaffolds for cardiac repair has not yet been performed. In this protocol, we outline a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical trials in animal MI models that utilize stem cell-embedded scaffolds for cardiac repair and compare their effects to stem cell-treated animals without the use of a scaffold. Methods/design: We will search the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and gray literature: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health and Google Scholar. We will only include randomly controlled preclinical trials that have directly investigated the effects of stem cells embedded in a scaffold for cardiac repair in an animal MI model. Two investigators will independently review each article included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint that will be investigated is left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary endpoints will include infarct size, end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, fractional shortening and left ventricular wall thickness. Pooled analyses will be conducted using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects and Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect models. Between-studies heterogeneity will be quantified and determined using the Tau 2 and I 2 statistics. Publication bias will be assessed using visual inspection of funnel plots and complemented by Begg's and Egger's statistical tests. Possible sources of heterogeneity will be assessed using subgroup-meta analysis and meta-regression. Discussion: To date, the use of scaffolds in myocardial repair has not yet been systematically reviewed. The results of this meta-analysis will aid in determining the efficacy of stem cell-embedded scaffolds for cardiac repair and help bring this therapy to the clinic.

Respiratory medicine, Jun 1, 2018

In the investigation of lung cancer, current practice in many healthcare systems would support br... more In the investigation of lung cancer, current practice in many healthcare systems would support bronchoscopy regardless of CT findings in patients with hemoptysis. We sought to identify the cause, the diagnostic yield of CT and bronchoscopy and the requirement for bronchoscopy in at risk patients with hemoptysis with a normal CT scan through our rapid access lung cancer clinic (RALC). Initially, a chart review was performed on all patients with hemoptysis (2011-2012) and thereafter a prospective analysis was performed (2013-2016). Our analysis represents the largest study to date in outpatients with hemoptysis. In our retrospective study, 155 patients reported hemoptysis. Causes were lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) (47%) and lung cancer (16%). Our prospective study included 182 patients. The causes of hemoptysis were RTIs (50%) and lung cancer (18%). There were no false negative CT-scans for lung cancer. 47/57 present with lung cancer underwent bronchoscopy and 43/47 were p...

EBioMedicine, Jan 28, 2018

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a persistent life-long infection and increasing evidence... more Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a persistent life-long infection and increasing evidence indicates HCMV infection can modulate signaling pathways associated with oncogenesis. Breast milk is an important route of HCMV transmission in humans and we hypothesized that mammary epithelial cells could be one of the main cellular targets of HCMV infection. The infectivity of primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) was assessed following infection with the HCMV-DB strain, a clinical isolate with a marked macrophage-tropism. The impact of HCMV-DB infection on expression of p53 and retinoblastoma proteins, telomerase activity and oncogenic pathways (c-Myc, Akt, Ras, STAT3) was studied. Finally the transformation of HCMV-DB infected HMECs was evaluated using soft agar assay. CTH cells (CMV Transformed HMECs) were detected in prolonged cultures of infected HMECs. Tumor formation was observed in NOD/SCID Gamma (NSG) mice injected with CTH cells. Detection of long non coding RNA4.9...

Journal of Hepatology and Gastrointestinal disorders, 2017

Natural product research, Jan 5, 2017

Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae), commonly known as 'nagc... more Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae), commonly known as 'nagchhatry' or 'teen patra', distributed from Pakistan to Bhutan about 2500-3800 m altitude is indigenous to Himalayas region. In folk medicine the plant has been reported for the treatment of wound healing, sepsis and in various sexual disorders. This paper reports, for the first time, to evaluate the cytotoxicity, in vitro anti-leishmanial (promastigotes) and fingerprint HPLC-photodiode array analysis of the MeOH extract of the roots of T. govanianum and its solid phase extraction fractions. Reverse phase HPLC-PDA based quantification revealed the presence of significant amount of quercetin, myrecetin and kaemferol ranging from 0.221to 0.528 μg/mg DW. MeOH extract revealed distinguishable protein kinase inhibitory activity against Streptomyces 85E strain with 18 mm bald phenotype. The remarkable toxicity profile against brine shrimps and leishmanial was manifested by MeOH extra...

Scientific reports, Jan 14, 2016

Akt signaling plays a central role in many biological processes, which are key players in human i... more Akt signaling plays a central role in many biological processes, which are key players in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. We found that Akt interacts with HIV-1 Nef protein. In primary T cells treated with exogenous Nef or acutely infected with Nef-expressing HIV-1 in vitro, Akt became phosphorylated on serine(473) and threonine(308). In vitro, Akt activation mediated by Nef in T-cells was blocked by HIV protease inhibitors (PI), but not by reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI). Ex vivo, we found that the Akt pathway is hyperactivated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from cART naïve HIV-1-infected patients. PBLs isolated from PI-treated patients, but not from RTI-treated patients, exhibited decreased Akt activation, T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. We found that PI but not RTI can block HIV-1 reactivation in latently infected J-Lat lymphoid cells stimulated with various stimuli. Using luciferase measurement, we further confirmed that Nef-mediated...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2014

To understand the different types of blast injuries, their mechanisms, patho-physiology of wounds... more To understand the different types of blast injuries, their mechanisms, patho-physiology of wounds and clinical consequences caused by improvised explosive device detonation, and their early management. The retrospective study related to 70 Special Security Unit personnel of police travelling on duty in a bus that was struck with an Improvised Explosive Device on February 13, 2014, at 7:48am.The data of triage, primary survey and resuscitation and secondary survey on arrival at the Accident and Emergency section of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, were noted and later analysed. Police commandos aged 20-32 years were brought to hospital within 35-55 minutes of blast by ambulances. Triage at Emergency labelled 11(15.7%) Black, 15(21.4%) Red, 19(27.2%) Yellow and 25(35.7%) Green. Primary blast waves led to 11 closed blast lung presenting as pneumothorax in 9(12.8%) patients; 11(15.7%) chest tube thoracotomies were performed. Primary blast waves also produced ear drum and eye...

Clinical Nutrition Research, 2015

Diets rich in fruits and vegetables reduce risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the co... more Diets rich in fruits and vegetables reduce risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the constituents responsible for this effect have not been well established. Lately, the attention has been brought to vegetables with high nitrate content with evidence that this might represent a source of vasoprotective nitric oxide. We hypothesized that short-term consumption of spinach, a vegetable having high dietary nitrate content, can affect the arterial waveform indicative of arterial stiffness, as well as central and peripheral blood pressure (BP). Using a placebo-controlled, crossover design, 27 healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high-nitrate (spinach; 845 mg nitrate/day) or low-nitrate soup (asparagus; 0.6 mg nitrate/day) for 7 days with a 1-week washout period. On days 1 and 7, profiles of augmentation index, central, and brachial BP were obtained over 180 min post-consumption in 4 fasted visits. A postprandial reduction in augmentation index was observed at 180 min on high-nitrate compared to low-nitrate intervention (-6.54 ± 9.7 % vs.-0.82 ± 8.0 %, p = 0.01) on Day 1, and from baseline on Day 7 (-6.93 ± 8.7 %, p < 0.001; high vs. low:-2.28 ± 12.5 %, p = 0.35), suggesting that the nitrate intervention is not associated with the development of tolerance for at least 7 days of continued supplementation. High vs. low-nitrate intervention also reduced central systolic (-3.39 ± 5.6 mmHg, p = 0.004) and diastolic BP (-2.60 ± 5.8 mmHg, p = 0.028) and brachial systolic BP (-3.48 ± 7.4 mmHg, p = 0.022) at 180 min following 7-day supplementation only. These findings suggest that dietary nitrate from spinach may contribute to beneficial hemodynamic effects of vegetable-rich diets and highlights the potential of developing a targeted dietary approach in the management of elevated BP.