kasimu adoke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by kasimu adoke

IntechOpen eBooks, Apr 5, 2023

Melanoma is a malignant tumour that arises from melanocytic cells. The incidence is increasing wo... more Melanoma is a malignant tumour that arises from melanocytic cells. The incidence is increasing worldwide in white population where fair skin people receive excessive sun exposure. Although relatively uncommon in Africa-Americans, recent trends show increase incidence in Africa-Americans. Prognosis is affected by histological and clinical factors in addition to site of the lesion. It is a well-established facts that the MAPK signaling pathway is hyper activated in up to 90% of melanomas. The dependence of melanoma on this activated pathway has been exploited successfully in the clinics by selectively inhibiting this pathway mainly the BRAF mutated melanoma, which is mutated in approximately 50% of melanomas, although resistance develop in some cases. The improved understanding of the regulatory pathways of the immune system provides great hope for significant clinical impact in some patients. Antibodies inhibiting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling have been developed and approved, as monotherapies or in combination, after showing great improvement in patient survival but show limited efficacy in some patients that develop resistance and adverse effects. Better biomarkers are needed in the future to help select better immunothrapeutic agents with potent efficacy, less side effects and less likelihood to develop resistance.

Abstract 53: Implementing Equitable Cancer Support Program: Lessons From Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP)

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

Purpose: There is an inverse relationship between diagnosis to initiation of treatment interval a... more Purpose: There is an inverse relationship between diagnosis to initiation of treatment interval and outcome of cancer treatment. A significant number of diagnosed cervical cancer patients don’t receive timely treatment in low resource settings. The Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP) is one of End Cervical Cancer Nigeria Initiative’s interventions to IMProve Access to Cervical Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) in low resource settings. This report provides documentary evidence of the evolution of the implementation of the C3AP and highlights best practices that can be scaled up. Methods: The C3AP was conceptualized to increase the proportion of diagnosed cervical cancer patients that receive timely treatment by exploring adjuvant and neoadjuvant role of chemotherapy in the management of cervical cancer patients in settings where access to radiotherapy services can not be guaranteed. We instituted Plan Do Study and Act (PDSA) quality improvement cycle for the C3AP and used RE-...

Is melanoma a death sentence in Black Africans? A three-year institutional study from a resource limited setting

EJC skin cancer, 2024

Abstract 4918: Is Livin a protagonist of mucinous adenocarcinoma histology in colorectal cancer

Cancer Research, 2017

The mechanism of cancer resistance to chemotherapy regimen remains uncertain. Colorectal mucinous... more The mechanism of cancer resistance to chemotherapy regimen remains uncertain. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the distinct histological subtypes of the disease implicated in chemotherapeutic resistance associated with nodal and peritoneal metastases and worse disease-free survival as an index of poor prognosis. One of the important acquired capabilities used by the cancer cells to resist anticancer therapies is evasion of apoptosis possibly via inhibitor of apoptosis proteins for which Livin is one. This protein contains baculoviral IAP repeat domains in addition to a RING finger, a protein-protein motif important for binding and inhibition of active caspases that interfere with intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathway and the ensuing blockade of apoptosis. Thus, understanding the molecular events on how cancer cells of mucinous histology evade apoptotic death may provide a novel paradigm for a molecular targeted therapy in the management of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma...

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious ... more Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The pea...

Prognostic significance of BIRC7/Livin, Bcl-2, p53, Annexin V, PD-L1, DARC, MSH2 and PMS2 in colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy with or without aspirin

PLOS ONE

Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer ... more Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Various cellular processes are associated with evasion of apoptosis. These include overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins (including p53 and PD-L1), anti-apoptotic proteins (BIRC7/Livin and Bcl-2), chemokine receptors (including DARC), and dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair proteins (including MSH2 and PMS2). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) as a single agent and aspirin plus FOLFOX in various combinations on the aforementioned proteins in human CRC, SW480 cell line and rat models of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-induced CRC. In addition, effects of the NMU-induced CRC and chemotherapeutic regimens on haematological and biochemical parameters in the rat models were studied. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immunoblot techniques were used to study the expression pattern of the related proteins in the hum...

Towards Evidence Based Quality Improvement

Ugeskr Laeger, Mar 8, 2010

Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. H... more Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. Health care services research indicates that implementation of quality improvement strategies can improve the quality of care. Establishment of a research tradition within quality improvement is needed in order to systematically evaluate quality improvement strategies.

Towards Evidence Based Quality Improvement

Ugeskr Laeger, Mar 8, 2010

Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. H... more Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. Health care services research indicates that implementation of quality improvement strategies can improve the quality of care. Establishment of a research tradition within quality improvement is needed in order to systematically evaluate quality improvement strategies.

Assessment of chemotherapeutic responses to neoadjuvant FOLFOX and Aspirin on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells induced in Albino rats

Fortification of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs with Aspirin and its effect on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2012

Context: Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic class are important determinants of obstetric ou... more Context: Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic class are important determinants of obstetric outcome of pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy constitutes a high risk pregnancy with complications arising from a combination of physiological, anatomical, and socioeconomic factors Objective: The objective was to determine the current incidence of all teenage pregnancies and their obstetric outcomes at UNTH, Enugu. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all teenage pregnancies at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu over a 6-year period (2000-2005). A total of 74 teenage pregnancies were analyzed and compared with 105 controls (adult mothers). Results: Records of 74 teenage pregnancies were identified within the study period which constitutes 1.67% of 4422 deliveries within the period. Majority of the teenagers (78.3%) were nulliparous. There was statistically significant differences between the teenage mothers and older mothers in the rate of unemployment (75.7% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.000), booking status (41.9% vs. 100%, P = 0.000) anemia (32.4% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.001), unsure of last menstrual period (32.4% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.007), caesarean section (18.9% vs. 10.5%, P = 0.000), cephalopelvic disproportion as an indication for caesarean section (9.4% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.001), preterm delivery (18.9% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.001), low birth weight (23.0% vs. 10.5%, P = 0.005), episiotomy (61.7% vs. 28.7%, P = 0.001), instrumental delivery (6.8% vs. 2.9% P = 0.001), Apgar score at 1 minute (35.1% vs. 19.1% P = 0.005), and perinatal mortality (16.2% vs. 12.4%). There were no maternal deaths. Conclusion: Pregnant teenagers are at higher risk than their older counterparts. Female socioeducational development and proper use of contraceptive services will help reduce teenage pregnancy rate, while perinatal care will help to minimize it associated hazards

Abstract 5966: Melanoma revisited; The need for bio-banking and precision oncology, a study from a resource limited setting

Cancer Research

Since the incidence of Malignant melanoma (MM) is rising, we propose high quality patient samples... more Since the incidence of Malignant melanoma (MM) is rising, we propose high quality patient samples bio-bank for proper understanding of the disease and with time analyze on a large scale proteogenomics. There is increased need to support research and help improved patient care and outcome. Bio-banking in MM will provide high quality and well define tissue and bio-fluid specimens. Materials and Methods: Large scale sample collection were done for 22 patients with histological diagnosis of MM. The patients consent and hospital ethical approval was sorted for the study, with patients' fresh frozen tissue and blood samples collected, fractionated and stored in an automated bio-bank. Five patients however did not consent for bio-banking of their samples. Results: Patients that consented to sample collection had proteogenomic studies and other studies were done on their specimens with possibilities of new treatments for the patients and precision oncology for these patients tailored on...

Abstract 2638: Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study

Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials)

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male gender cancer and present with a 5-year prevalence,... more Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male gender cancer and present with a 5-year prevalence, incidence and mortality rate in Nigerian Black men. There is disproportionate prevalence and poor understanding of CaP in Black men globally. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) has documented significant CaP burden among Nigerian black men in Nigeria and in the Diaspora. Notably, African ancestry is one of the most important risk factors of CaP globally. Increased levels of cortisol, a stress-related catabolic hormone is significantly associated to prostate specific antigen and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Cortisol causes degradation of muscle proteins into amino-acids. Amino acids such as leucine, serves as a source of fuel for aggressive prostate cancer cells in a Warburg effect model through the L-amino acid transporters (LATs). The annexins are calcium and phospholipid binding proteins implicated in cancer development and progression. Overexpression of annexin 1 is one of the mechanisms by which cortisol inhibit inflammation. Annexin V has a high affinity to phosphatidylserine and play important role of inhibiting engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. PD-L1 is an important membrane-bound costimulatory molecule that inhibits immune responses through its receptor, PD-1. Overexpression of PD-L1 results to cancer cells aggressively evading the host immune system. The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is a 7-transmembrane protein atypical chemokine receptor expressed on erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells that binds to and clears angiogenic chemokines. Expression pattern of DARC is associated to cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we report the expression pattern of tissue Cortisol, Annexin V, PD-L1 and DARC proteins in relationship to Gleason score in Nigerian Black men with Prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, we assessed salivary cortisol levels by enzyme immunoassay and physical activity by a standardized CaPTC-AC3-MADCaP (C.A.M) CaP measures from 500 subjects recruited by via CaPTC cohort. Results showed significant expression of tissue and salivary cortisol in the CaP patients compared to the normal subjects (p > 0.05). The Tissue cortisol protein expression was higher in CaP cases with Gleason score 8. There was significant overexpression of Annexin protein in virtually the prostate cancer samples studied. We found a negative expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins in all the CaP tissues studied. Cortisol and Annexin may serve as an important biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis in Nigerian Blacks. Citation Format: Faruk Mohammed, Folakemi T. Odedina, Sani Ibrahim, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Ahmed Adamu, Abdullahi Adamu, Ahmad Bello, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, John Idoko, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, Solomon O. Rotimi, Ernie Kaninjing, Getachew A. Dagne, Clayton Yates, Yawale Iliyasu, Nissa Askins, Iya Eze Bassey, Renee Reams, Abdullahi Mohammad, Hussaini Yusuf Maitama, Dauda Maigatari, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Abdulkadir Lawal Rafinadadi, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Serah Adewunmi, Ruth Agaba, Haruna Mohammad Muktar, Ahmad Mai, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Ahmad Bello Kumo, Kasimu Umar Adoke, Ahmad Tijjani Lawal, Ahmad Muhammad, Omolora Fatiregun, Sunday Atawodi, Shehu Akuyam, Yusuf Abdulrashid, Mubarak Liman, Aliyu Muhammad, Abidemi Omonisi, Rebecca Gali, Hassan Dogo, Nkegoum Blaise, Anthonia Sowunmi, Titilola Akinremi, Emeka J. Iweala, Jigo Dangude Yaro, Badejo Adebukola Catherine, Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe. Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2638.

Correlation of fine-needle aspiration cytology and surgical excision in the diagnosis of patients with cancer

Annals of Tropical Pathology, 2018

Background: Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of th... more Background: Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been extensively used for many years in the diagnosis of cancers, especially breast cancers, but its use has gradually been reduced in some hospitals because of its controversial inadequate rates and suboptimal accuracy in inexperienced hands and in some cases conflicting reports when compared with the excised biopsy of the same lesion. This is a prospective study to correlate the cytological findings in patients diagnosed with cancer with the histological diagnosis on excision. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 30 patients that attended the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, from July 2016 to June 2017. All patients who were diagnosed after FNAC as having a malignant lesion were followed up for surgery for their excision biopsy. FNAC of...

Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Malignant Tumours in a Referral Medical Centre in Nigeria

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious ... more Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The pea...

Abstract 640: Precision cancer medicine in pediatric tumors for improved survival in African children

Introduction: Childhood cancers as a growing public health challenge and is increasingly being re... more Introduction: Childhood cancers as a growing public health challenge and is increasingly being recognized worldwide, including the developing nations. Each year, the number of pediatric cancers recorded in Africa shows an increase trend with the small round blue cells of childhood been the most common. About 90 percent of children with pediatric solid tumors die either of the complications of the tumor, chemotherapy or financial burden. Since mutation rate in pediatric cancer is lower than adult cancers, with targetable mutations identified in less than 50% of cases, we believe that using precision cancer medicine and to some extent implementational science can help reduce this burden in Africa. Methods: Forty-six cases of pediatric cancer were reviewed over a five-year period (2016- 2020). Their case notes were retrieved and data on site, tumor type, mode of diagnosis, drugs given, complications, follow-up visits and financial implications were accessed. Data was analyzed using sps...

2 Figure 2 CD 68 staining of the stroma in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of sinonasal trac... more 2 Figure 2 CD 68 staining of the stroma in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of sinonasal tract Conclusions The targeting of TAMs in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and other cancers should be explored in the future using macrophage targeted approach. Ethics Approval Health research ethics committee ABUTH/ HREC/Y/2017 REFERENCES 1. Burugu S, Asleh-Aburaya K, Nielsen TO. Immune infiltrates in the breast cancer microenvironment: detection, characterization and clinical implication. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:3–15. 2. Fan QM, Jing YY, Yu GF, Kou XR, Ye F, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Yang Y, Lu ZH, Wei LX. Tumor-associated macrophages promote cancer stem cell-like properties via transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017;352:160–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0001 2 THE MULTI-PHYSICS AUTOMATED RECONFIGURABLE SEPARATION (MARS) SYSTEM PROVIDES HIGH PURITY, HIGH RECOVERY AN...

Abstract 2638: Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study

Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials)

Abstract 720: Aspirin plus FOLFOX for colorectal cancer management: A promising alternative for clinical trial in Africans with the disease

Molecular and Cellular Biology / Genetics

10 Tertiary lymphoid structure in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; a potential target in an immunologically inert malignancy

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

BackgroundTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) are immune aggregates with various degrees of organiz... more BackgroundTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) are immune aggregates with various degrees of organization that forms outside of secondary lymphoid organ in response to chronic inflammation, infection or tumours.1 2 TLS like secondary lymphoid organ, has defined T cell zones, B cell zones, high endothelial venules (HEV) and matured dendritic cells. They have been shown to correlate with increase patient survival in many tumours. Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is generally believed to be immunologically inert, low tumour mutation burden (TMB) and poor response to checkpoint blockade. Recent findings in some patients with PDAC shows significant intratumoral cytotoxic T cell infiltration and a high Inflammatory signature. Since current immunotherapy aim to enhance CD 8+ T cells, we aim to investigate the contribution of humoral immunity in patients with TLS in PDAC.MethodsTissue blocks were obtained from departmental archive and sections were cut and stained with routine H&E of all pat...

IntechOpen eBooks, Apr 5, 2023

Melanoma is a malignant tumour that arises from melanocytic cells. The incidence is increasing wo... more Melanoma is a malignant tumour that arises from melanocytic cells. The incidence is increasing worldwide in white population where fair skin people receive excessive sun exposure. Although relatively uncommon in Africa-Americans, recent trends show increase incidence in Africa-Americans. Prognosis is affected by histological and clinical factors in addition to site of the lesion. It is a well-established facts that the MAPK signaling pathway is hyper activated in up to 90% of melanomas. The dependence of melanoma on this activated pathway has been exploited successfully in the clinics by selectively inhibiting this pathway mainly the BRAF mutated melanoma, which is mutated in approximately 50% of melanomas, although resistance develop in some cases. The improved understanding of the regulatory pathways of the immune system provides great hope for significant clinical impact in some patients. Antibodies inhibiting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling have been developed and approved, as monotherapies or in combination, after showing great improvement in patient survival but show limited efficacy in some patients that develop resistance and adverse effects. Better biomarkers are needed in the future to help select better immunothrapeutic agents with potent efficacy, less side effects and less likelihood to develop resistance.

Abstract 53: Implementing Equitable Cancer Support Program: Lessons From Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP)

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

Purpose: There is an inverse relationship between diagnosis to initiation of treatment interval a... more Purpose: There is an inverse relationship between diagnosis to initiation of treatment interval and outcome of cancer treatment. A significant number of diagnosed cervical cancer patients don’t receive timely treatment in low resource settings. The Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP) is one of End Cervical Cancer Nigeria Initiative’s interventions to IMProve Access to Cervical Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) in low resource settings. This report provides documentary evidence of the evolution of the implementation of the C3AP and highlights best practices that can be scaled up. Methods: The C3AP was conceptualized to increase the proportion of diagnosed cervical cancer patients that receive timely treatment by exploring adjuvant and neoadjuvant role of chemotherapy in the management of cervical cancer patients in settings where access to radiotherapy services can not be guaranteed. We instituted Plan Do Study and Act (PDSA) quality improvement cycle for the C3AP and used RE-...

Is melanoma a death sentence in Black Africans? A three-year institutional study from a resource limited setting

EJC skin cancer, 2024

Abstract 4918: Is Livin a protagonist of mucinous adenocarcinoma histology in colorectal cancer

Cancer Research, 2017

The mechanism of cancer resistance to chemotherapy regimen remains uncertain. Colorectal mucinous... more The mechanism of cancer resistance to chemotherapy regimen remains uncertain. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the distinct histological subtypes of the disease implicated in chemotherapeutic resistance associated with nodal and peritoneal metastases and worse disease-free survival as an index of poor prognosis. One of the important acquired capabilities used by the cancer cells to resist anticancer therapies is evasion of apoptosis possibly via inhibitor of apoptosis proteins for which Livin is one. This protein contains baculoviral IAP repeat domains in addition to a RING finger, a protein-protein motif important for binding and inhibition of active caspases that interfere with intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathway and the ensuing blockade of apoptosis. Thus, understanding the molecular events on how cancer cells of mucinous histology evade apoptotic death may provide a novel paradigm for a molecular targeted therapy in the management of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma...

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious ... more Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The pea...

Prognostic significance of BIRC7/Livin, Bcl-2, p53, Annexin V, PD-L1, DARC, MSH2 and PMS2 in colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy with or without aspirin

PLOS ONE

Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer ... more Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Various cellular processes are associated with evasion of apoptosis. These include overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins (including p53 and PD-L1), anti-apoptotic proteins (BIRC7/Livin and Bcl-2), chemokine receptors (including DARC), and dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair proteins (including MSH2 and PMS2). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) as a single agent and aspirin plus FOLFOX in various combinations on the aforementioned proteins in human CRC, SW480 cell line and rat models of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-induced CRC. In addition, effects of the NMU-induced CRC and chemotherapeutic regimens on haematological and biochemical parameters in the rat models were studied. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immunoblot techniques were used to study the expression pattern of the related proteins in the hum...

Towards Evidence Based Quality Improvement

Ugeskr Laeger, Mar 8, 2010

Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. H... more Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. Health care services research indicates that implementation of quality improvement strategies can improve the quality of care. Establishment of a research tradition within quality improvement is needed in order to systematically evaluate quality improvement strategies.

Towards Evidence Based Quality Improvement

Ugeskr Laeger, Mar 8, 2010

Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. H... more Quality improvement has been an important topic in Danish health care during the past 20 years. Health care services research indicates that implementation of quality improvement strategies can improve the quality of care. Establishment of a research tradition within quality improvement is needed in order to systematically evaluate quality improvement strategies.

Assessment of chemotherapeutic responses to neoadjuvant FOLFOX and Aspirin on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells induced in Albino rats

Fortification of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs with Aspirin and its effect on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2012

Context: Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic class are important determinants of obstetric ou... more Context: Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic class are important determinants of obstetric outcome of pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy constitutes a high risk pregnancy with complications arising from a combination of physiological, anatomical, and socioeconomic factors Objective: The objective was to determine the current incidence of all teenage pregnancies and their obstetric outcomes at UNTH, Enugu. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all teenage pregnancies at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu over a 6-year period (2000-2005). A total of 74 teenage pregnancies were analyzed and compared with 105 controls (adult mothers). Results: Records of 74 teenage pregnancies were identified within the study period which constitutes 1.67% of 4422 deliveries within the period. Majority of the teenagers (78.3%) were nulliparous. There was statistically significant differences between the teenage mothers and older mothers in the rate of unemployment (75.7% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.000), booking status (41.9% vs. 100%, P = 0.000) anemia (32.4% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.001), unsure of last menstrual period (32.4% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.007), caesarean section (18.9% vs. 10.5%, P = 0.000), cephalopelvic disproportion as an indication for caesarean section (9.4% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.001), preterm delivery (18.9% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.001), low birth weight (23.0% vs. 10.5%, P = 0.005), episiotomy (61.7% vs. 28.7%, P = 0.001), instrumental delivery (6.8% vs. 2.9% P = 0.001), Apgar score at 1 minute (35.1% vs. 19.1% P = 0.005), and perinatal mortality (16.2% vs. 12.4%). There were no maternal deaths. Conclusion: Pregnant teenagers are at higher risk than their older counterparts. Female socioeducational development and proper use of contraceptive services will help reduce teenage pregnancy rate, while perinatal care will help to minimize it associated hazards

Abstract 5966: Melanoma revisited; The need for bio-banking and precision oncology, a study from a resource limited setting

Cancer Research

Since the incidence of Malignant melanoma (MM) is rising, we propose high quality patient samples... more Since the incidence of Malignant melanoma (MM) is rising, we propose high quality patient samples bio-bank for proper understanding of the disease and with time analyze on a large scale proteogenomics. There is increased need to support research and help improved patient care and outcome. Bio-banking in MM will provide high quality and well define tissue and bio-fluid specimens. Materials and Methods: Large scale sample collection were done for 22 patients with histological diagnosis of MM. The patients consent and hospital ethical approval was sorted for the study, with patients' fresh frozen tissue and blood samples collected, fractionated and stored in an automated bio-bank. Five patients however did not consent for bio-banking of their samples. Results: Patients that consented to sample collection had proteogenomic studies and other studies were done on their specimens with possibilities of new treatments for the patients and precision oncology for these patients tailored on...

Abstract 2638: Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study

Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials)

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male gender cancer and present with a 5-year prevalence,... more Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male gender cancer and present with a 5-year prevalence, incidence and mortality rate in Nigerian Black men. There is disproportionate prevalence and poor understanding of CaP in Black men globally. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) has documented significant CaP burden among Nigerian black men in Nigeria and in the Diaspora. Notably, African ancestry is one of the most important risk factors of CaP globally. Increased levels of cortisol, a stress-related catabolic hormone is significantly associated to prostate specific antigen and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Cortisol causes degradation of muscle proteins into amino-acids. Amino acids such as leucine, serves as a source of fuel for aggressive prostate cancer cells in a Warburg effect model through the L-amino acid transporters (LATs). The annexins are calcium and phospholipid binding proteins implicated in cancer development and progression. Overexpression of annexin 1 is one of the mechanisms by which cortisol inhibit inflammation. Annexin V has a high affinity to phosphatidylserine and play important role of inhibiting engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. PD-L1 is an important membrane-bound costimulatory molecule that inhibits immune responses through its receptor, PD-1. Overexpression of PD-L1 results to cancer cells aggressively evading the host immune system. The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is a 7-transmembrane protein atypical chemokine receptor expressed on erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells that binds to and clears angiogenic chemokines. Expression pattern of DARC is associated to cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we report the expression pattern of tissue Cortisol, Annexin V, PD-L1 and DARC proteins in relationship to Gleason score in Nigerian Black men with Prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, we assessed salivary cortisol levels by enzyme immunoassay and physical activity by a standardized CaPTC-AC3-MADCaP (C.A.M) CaP measures from 500 subjects recruited by via CaPTC cohort. Results showed significant expression of tissue and salivary cortisol in the CaP patients compared to the normal subjects (p > 0.05). The Tissue cortisol protein expression was higher in CaP cases with Gleason score 8. There was significant overexpression of Annexin protein in virtually the prostate cancer samples studied. We found a negative expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins in all the CaP tissues studied. Cortisol and Annexin may serve as an important biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis in Nigerian Blacks. Citation Format: Faruk Mohammed, Folakemi T. Odedina, Sani Ibrahim, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Ahmed Adamu, Abdullahi Adamu, Ahmad Bello, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, John Idoko, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, Solomon O. Rotimi, Ernie Kaninjing, Getachew A. Dagne, Clayton Yates, Yawale Iliyasu, Nissa Askins, Iya Eze Bassey, Renee Reams, Abdullahi Mohammad, Hussaini Yusuf Maitama, Dauda Maigatari, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Abdulkadir Lawal Rafinadadi, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Serah Adewunmi, Ruth Agaba, Haruna Mohammad Muktar, Ahmad Mai, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Ahmad Bello Kumo, Kasimu Umar Adoke, Ahmad Tijjani Lawal, Ahmad Muhammad, Omolora Fatiregun, Sunday Atawodi, Shehu Akuyam, Yusuf Abdulrashid, Mubarak Liman, Aliyu Muhammad, Abidemi Omonisi, Rebecca Gali, Hassan Dogo, Nkegoum Blaise, Anthonia Sowunmi, Titilola Akinremi, Emeka J. Iweala, Jigo Dangude Yaro, Badejo Adebukola Catherine, Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe. Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2638.

Correlation of fine-needle aspiration cytology and surgical excision in the diagnosis of patients with cancer

Annals of Tropical Pathology, 2018

Background: Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of th... more Background: Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been extensively used for many years in the diagnosis of cancers, especially breast cancers, but its use has gradually been reduced in some hospitals because of its controversial inadequate rates and suboptimal accuracy in inexperienced hands and in some cases conflicting reports when compared with the excised biopsy of the same lesion. This is a prospective study to correlate the cytological findings in patients diagnosed with cancer with the histological diagnosis on excision. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 30 patients that attended the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, from July 2016 to June 2017. All patients who were diagnosed after FNAC as having a malignant lesion were followed up for surgery for their excision biopsy. FNAC of...

Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Malignant Tumours in a Referral Medical Centre in Nigeria

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious ... more Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The pea...

Abstract 640: Precision cancer medicine in pediatric tumors for improved survival in African children

Introduction: Childhood cancers as a growing public health challenge and is increasingly being re... more Introduction: Childhood cancers as a growing public health challenge and is increasingly being recognized worldwide, including the developing nations. Each year, the number of pediatric cancers recorded in Africa shows an increase trend with the small round blue cells of childhood been the most common. About 90 percent of children with pediatric solid tumors die either of the complications of the tumor, chemotherapy or financial burden. Since mutation rate in pediatric cancer is lower than adult cancers, with targetable mutations identified in less than 50% of cases, we believe that using precision cancer medicine and to some extent implementational science can help reduce this burden in Africa. Methods: Forty-six cases of pediatric cancer were reviewed over a five-year period (2016- 2020). Their case notes were retrieved and data on site, tumor type, mode of diagnosis, drugs given, complications, follow-up visits and financial implications were accessed. Data was analyzed using sps...

2 Figure 2 CD 68 staining of the stroma in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of sinonasal trac... more 2 Figure 2 CD 68 staining of the stroma in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of sinonasal tract Conclusions The targeting of TAMs in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and other cancers should be explored in the future using macrophage targeted approach. Ethics Approval Health research ethics committee ABUTH/ HREC/Y/2017 REFERENCES 1. Burugu S, Asleh-Aburaya K, Nielsen TO. Immune infiltrates in the breast cancer microenvironment: detection, characterization and clinical implication. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:3–15. 2. Fan QM, Jing YY, Yu GF, Kou XR, Ye F, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Yang Y, Lu ZH, Wei LX. Tumor-associated macrophages promote cancer stem cell-like properties via transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017;352:160–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0001 2 THE MULTI-PHYSICS AUTOMATED RECONFIGURABLE SEPARATION (MARS) SYSTEM PROVIDES HIGH PURITY, HIGH RECOVERY AN...

Abstract 2638: Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study

Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials)

Abstract 720: Aspirin plus FOLFOX for colorectal cancer management: A promising alternative for clinical trial in Africans with the disease

Molecular and Cellular Biology / Genetics

10 Tertiary lymphoid structure in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; a potential target in an immunologically inert malignancy

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

BackgroundTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) are immune aggregates with various degrees of organiz... more BackgroundTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) are immune aggregates with various degrees of organization that forms outside of secondary lymphoid organ in response to chronic inflammation, infection or tumours.1 2 TLS like secondary lymphoid organ, has defined T cell zones, B cell zones, high endothelial venules (HEV) and matured dendritic cells. They have been shown to correlate with increase patient survival in many tumours. Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is generally believed to be immunologically inert, low tumour mutation burden (TMB) and poor response to checkpoint blockade. Recent findings in some patients with PDAC shows significant intratumoral cytotoxic T cell infiltration and a high Inflammatory signature. Since current immunotherapy aim to enhance CD 8+ T cells, we aim to investigate the contribution of humoral immunity in patients with TLS in PDAC.MethodsTissue blocks were obtained from departmental archive and sections were cut and stained with routine H&E of all pat...